Program Book

Community Service Project

WATER POLLUTION

AP STATE COUNCIL OF HIGHER EDUCATION

(A STATUTORY BODY OF GOVERNMENT OF
ANDHRA PRADESH)
 A Community Service Project Report on

AWARENESS ON WATER POLLUTION

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
Computer Science and Engineering

by

NAVALE NANDINI BAI

22AT1A0594

Under the Guidance of

DR.K.SREENIVASULUM.Tech.,Ph.D
Professor

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous)
(Approved by AICTE|NAAC Accreditation with ‘A’ Grade| Accredited by NBA(ECE,CSE&EEE)|
Permanently Affiliated to JNTUA)
2024-2025
 G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Accredited by NAAC of with ‘A’ Grade Approved by AICTE,
Affiliated to J.N.T.University Anantapur,KURNOOL-518452

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that N.NANDINI BAI,of B.Tech CSE third year has carried out the
community service project work on “Awareness On Water Pollution” under the
esteemed guidance of DR.K.SREENIVASULUM.Tech.,Ph.D Professor of CSE
department ,for the partial fulfilment of the award of degree of B.Tech in CSE in GPCET,
KURNOOL as a bonafide record of work done by them during the year 2024-2025.

Internal Guide: Co-ordinator:

Dr.K.SREENIVASULUM.Tech.,Ph.D MR.D.JAYANARAYANAREDDYM.Tech.,(Ph.D)

Professor Associate Professor

Dept.Of CSE. Dept.Of CSE.

Date of Evaluation:

Signature of Head Of Department:

 Program Book
for
Community Service Project

Name of the Student: N.Nandini Bai

Name of the College: G.Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology

Registration Number:22AT1A0594

Period of CSP: 6 weeks

From: 15/07/2024 To: 04/11/2024

Name & Address of the Community/Habitation:

KC CANAL and TUNGABHADRA,Kurnool,Andhra Pradesh.
 Instructions to Students for Community Service Project

Please read the detailed Guidelines on Community Service Project hosted

on the website of AP State Council of Higher Education
https://apsche.ap.gov.in

Link: https://apsche.ap.gov.in/Pdf/Guidelines%20for%20the%20OJT
%20Internship
%20Community%20Service%20Project.pdf

1. It is mandatory for all the students to complete 2 months (180 hours) of

Community Service Project as a part of the 10 month mandatory
internship/on the job training.
2. Consider yourself as a committed volunteer in the community, you work
with.
3. Every student should identify the village/community/habitation for
Community Service Project (CSP) in consultation with the College
Principal/the authorized person nominated by the Principal.
4. Report to the community/habitation as per the schedule given by the
College. You must make your own arrangements of transportation to reach
the community/habitation.
5. You will be assigned with a Faculty Guide from your College. He/She will be
creating a WhatsApp group with your fellow volunteers. Post your daily
activity done and/or any difficulty you encounter during the program.
6. You should maintain punctuality in attending the CSP. Daily attendance is
compulsory.
7. You are expected to learn about the community/habitation and their
problems.
8. Know the leaders and the officials of the community/habitation.
9. While in project, always wear your College Identity Card.
10. If your College has a prescribed dress as uniform, wear the uniform daily.
11. Identify at least five learning objectives in consultation with your Faculty

Guide. These learning objectives can address:

• Information about the community, including the realities and problems
of the society.
• Need for creating awareness on socially relevant aspects/programs.
• Acquiring specific Life Skills.
• Learning areas of application of knowledge and technologies related to
your discipline.
• Identifying developmental needs of the community/habitation.
12. Practice professional communication skills with team members, and with

the leaders and officials of the community. This includes expressing

thoughts and ideas effectively through oral, written, and non-verbal
communication, and utilizing listening skills.
13. Be regular in filling up your Program Book. It shall be filled up in your

own handwriting. Add additional sheets wherever necessary.

14. At the end of Community Service Project, you shall be evaluated by the

person in-charge of the community/habitation to whom you report to.

15. There shall also be evaluation at the end of the community service by the

Faculty Guide and the Principal.

16. Do not indulge in any political activities.

17. Ensure that you do not cause any disturbance to the inhabitants or

households during your interaction or collection of data.

18. Be cordial but not too intimate with the persons you come across during

your service activities.

19. You should understand that during this activity, you are the ambassador of

your College, and your behavior during the community service programme
is of utmost importance.
20. If you are involved in any discipline related issues, you will be withdrawn

from the programme immediately and disciplinary action shall be initiated.

21. Do not forget to keep up your family pride and prestige of your College.

22. Remember that you are rendering valuable service to the society and your

role in the community development will become part of the history of

the community.
 Community Service Project Report
Submitted in accordance with the requirement for the degree of………….

Name of the College: G.Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology

Department: Computer Science and Engineering

Name of the Faculty Guide: Dr.K.Sreennivasulu M.Tech.,Ph.D

Duration of the CSP: From 15/07/2024 To 04/11/2024

Name of the Student: N.Nandini Bai

Program of Study: Awareness on water pollution

Year of Study:

III B-Tech CSE

RegisterNumber:

22AT1A0594

Date of Submission:
 Student’s Declaration

I N.Nandini Bai, a student of this Program, Reg. No.22AT1A0594 of the

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, G.Pullaiah College of
Engineering and Technology College do hereby declare that I have completed the
mandatory community service from 15/07/2024 to 4/11/2024 in under the
Faculty Guideship of Dr.K.Sreenivasulu, Department of Computer Science and
Engineering in G.Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology College.

(Signature and Date)

Endorsements

Faculty Guide: Dr.K.Sreenivasulu M.Tech.,Ph.D

Head of the Department: D.Jayanarayana Reddy M.Tech.,(Ph.D)

Principal: Dr.C.Srinivasa Rao M.Tech.,Ph.D

 Certificate from Official of the Community

This is to certify that N.Nandini Bai, Reg.No 22AT1A0594 of department of

Computer Science,G.Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology underwent
community service in AWARENESS ON WATER POLLUTION,Kurnool.

The overall performance of the Community Service Volunteer during his/her

community service is found to be Good.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Any achievement, be it Scholastic or otherwise does not depend solely on the

individual effort but on the guidance, encouragement and cooperation of intellectuals,
elders and friends, I would like to take this opportunity to thank them all.

I Sincerely Express my deep Sense of Gratitude to Mentor

DR.K.SREENIVASULU M.Tech,Ph.D for the guidance given to me for the course of
Community Survey Program as a part of III Year Curriculum. His Contribution is
immense in order to cherish and add value to a student’s Career.

I Especially thank to head of the department of Computer Science and Engineering

MR.D.JAYANARAYANA REDDY M.Tech(Ph.D) for keen interest in making me go
forward with this program and valuable support in every way during the period of the
project report.

I would like to extend my gratitude to DR.C.SRINIVASA RAO M.Tech(Ph.D)

principal of G.Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology,Kurnool.For their
cooperation and valuable support in every way during the period of the project report.

I take this opportunity with great pleasure to put on record our ineffable personal
indebtedness to MR.G.V.M.MOHAN KUMAR, Chairman of G.Pullaiah College of
Engineering and Technology for providing necessary departmental facilities.

Finally, I would like to express our sincere thanks to all Faculty Members of CSE
Department, and Lab Technicians, Friends & family members, who all have motivated
and helped us to do this Organizing a drugfree campaig

SIGNATURE:

N.Nandini Bai
 Contents
CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF THE COMMUNITY

CHAPTER 3: COMMUNITY SERVICE PART

CHAPTER 4: LOG BOOK AND WEEKLY REPORT

CHAPTER 5: OUTCOMES DESCRIPTION

. AWARNESS PROGRAM OUTCOME

. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER 6: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

OF THE MINNIPROJECT
 CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Water one of the most important natural resources, which is absolutely essential in
having life and living life. A part from sustaining life, water is used for various essential
purposes. And water pollution is again a major global problem, which harms the
comfortable living of us. It has been proved that water pollution is a major cause of death
and disease worldwide. In the world everyday more than 1400 people die for water
pollution only. The amount of water pollution in India has increased to such an extent
that it has become serious and many people are suffering from various diseases due to
this Words:
Water pollution is the contamination of water in water bodies such as rivers, oceans,
lakes, and swamps. This means that one or more substances have built up in water to the
extent of causing problems to people, animals and plants. Addition of certain substances
to the water such as organic, inorganic, biological radiological heat which degrades the
quality of water so that it becomes unfit for use. Water pollution is not only confirmed to
surface water, but it has also spread to ground water, sea and ocean.
Administration of water pollution control should be in the state or central
government. Scientific techniques should be adopted for environmental control of
catchment of ponds. Industrial plants should be based on recycling operations as it helps
prevent disposal of wastes into natural waters but waste.
Plants trees and forests control pollution as they act as natural air conditioners.
Trees are capable of reducing Sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide pollutants and hence more
trees should be planted. No type of waste should be discharge into any natural water
body. Industries should develop closed loop water supply schemes and domestic’s
sewage must be used for irrigation. Public awareness must be initiated regarding adverse
effects of water pollution using the media. Laws, standards and practices should be
established to prevent water pollution and these laws should be modified from time to
time based on current requirements and technological advancements. Basic and applied
research in public health engineering should be encouraged. Untreated domestic sewage
and industrial effluents, washing clothes, vehicles, animals and immersion of idols at the
time of festivals contributing to the pollution of lake. The present review reveals that
nutrient loading has exceeded the eutrophic condition leading to a hyper eutrophic status.
Land use change and longer growing seasons.
Learning objectives and outcomes :
1. It demonstrates Understanding of how water pollution impacts.
2. It’s all combustion problems and calculate the amounts of pollutants.
3. We should define key terms related to water pollution.
4. It explains the different types of water pollution.
5. It provides knowledge about water pollution in environment.
 CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF THE COMMUNITY

Palamaner is nearest town to gangavaram for all major economic activities,

which is approximately 2km away.

About Palamner :
Palamaner or Palamaneru is a town in Chittoor district of the Indian state of Andhra
Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Palamaner mandal and Palamaner Revenue
Division. It is located 43 KM towards west from District head quarters Chittoor.
Palamaner is located in Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh at 13.2000°N 78.7500°E. It
has an average elevation of 683 meters (2,244 ft). Being close to Karnataka and Tamil
Nadu state borders, people here bear a mixed culture.
According to census 2011 information the sub-district code of Palamaner Block (CD)
is 05422. Total area of palamaner mandal is 237 km² including 218.88 km² rural area and
17.69 km² urban area. Palamaner mandal has a population of 81,470 peoples, out of
which urban population is 51,450 while rural population is 30,020. Palamaner has a
population density of 344 inhabitants per square kilometre. There are about 19,513
houses in the sub-district, including 12,311 urban houses and 7,202 rural houses. When it
comes to literacy, 67.97% population of palamaner mandal is literate, out of which
73.40% males and 62.65% females are literate. There are about 15 villages in palamaner
mandal.The economy of palamaner is mainly based on agriculture.

About Malleru lake:

Malleru is a small Village/hamlet in Gangavaram Mandal in Chittoor District of
Andhra Pradesh State, India. It comes under Kallupalle Panchayath. It belongs to
Rayalaseema region. It is located 46 KM towards west from District head quarters
Chittoor. 3 KM from Gangavaram. 538 KM from State capital Hyderabad. Malleru Pin
code is 517408 and postal head office is Pathapeta-palamaner .
Malleru is surrounded by Peddapanjani Mandal towards North , Palamaner Mandal
towards South , Chowdepalle Mandal towards North , Punganur Mandal towards west .
 CHAPTER 3: COMMUNITY SERVICE PART

WATER POLLUTION :

Water pollution is the contamination of water in water bodies such as rivers,

oceans, lakes, and swamps. This means that one or more substances have built up in
water to the extent of causing problems to people, animals and plants. Addition of certain
substances to the water such as organic, inorganic, biological radiological heat which
degrades the quality of water so that it becomes unfit for use. Water pollution is not only
confirmed to surface water, but it has also spread to ground water, sea and ocean.
We know water's another name is life. Water is one of the most important natural
resources, which is absolutely essential in having life and living life. A part from
sustaining life, water is used for various essential purposes. And water pollution is again
a major global problem, which harms the comfortable living of us. It has been proved
that water pollution is a major cause of death and disease worldwide. In the world
everyday more than 1400 people die for water pollution only. The amount of water
pollution in India has increased to such an extent that it has become serious and many
people are suffering from various diseases due to this Words.

WATER RESOURCES ON EARTH :

About three fourths of our planet earth's surface is covered by water. However, very
little of it is available for consumption. Most (about 97%) of the water on the earth is
present in the seas and oceans. It is too salty to be of any use for drinking, agriculture and
industrial purposes. The remaining 3% and fresh water. 75% of which is locked up in the
polar ice caps and in glaciers and quite deep under the earth's surface as underground
water. The fresh water, which we can use, comes to us from two sources:
 Surface Water
 Ground Water
Surface Water
It is estimated that of all the precipitation (rain water and snow) that falls on the
earth, about one-third is absorbed by the plants and another one-third seeps down into the
soil and the remaining one-third runs off the surface into streams and rivers. This part of
precipitation, which runs off to form streams, rivers and lakes, is called the surface water.
Ground Water
The part of precipitation that seeps into the ground as a result of gravity and fills the
pores between soil particles and rocks under it is called ground water.

Water Pollution Parameters :

Physical Parameter
Color, order, turbidity, taste, temperature and electrical conductivity constitute the
physical parameters and are good indicators of contamination. For instance colour and
turbidity are visible evidences of polluted water while an offensive odor or a bitter and
difference than normal taste also makes water unfit for drinking. Chemical Parameters
These include the amount of carbonates, sulphates, chlorides, fluorides, nitrates
and metal ions. These chemicals form the total dissolved soils, present in water.
Biological Parameters
The biological parameters include matter like algae, fungi, viruses, prototozoa and
bacteria. The life forms present in water are affected to a good extent by the presence of
pollutants. The pollutants in water may cause a reduction in the population of both lower
and higher plants and animals lives. Thus, the biological parameters give an indirect
indication of the amount of pollution in water.
Cause of Water Pollution :

There are many reasons for water pollution. They are discussed below.
Sewage and Domestic Wastes

The sewage and waste water that is produced by each household is chemically treated
and released in to sea with fresh water. The sewage water carries harmful bacteria and
chemicals that can cause serious health problems. Pathogens are known as a common
water pollutant; The sewers of cities house several pathogens and thereby diseases.
Microorganisms in water are known to be causes of some very deadly diseases and
become the breeding grounds for other creatures that act like carriers. These carriers
inflict these diseases via various forms of contact onto an individual. A very common
example of this process would be Malaria. Industrial Waste :
Industries produce huge amount of waste which contains toxic chemicals and
pollutants which can cause air pollution and damage to us and our environment. They
contain pollutants such as lead, mercury, sulphur, asbestos, nitrates and many other
harmful chemicals. Many industries do not have proper waste management system and
drain the waste in the fresh water which goes into rivers, canals and later in to sea. The
toxic chemicals have the capability to change the color of water, increase the amount of
minerals, also known as Eutrophication, change the temperature of water and pose
serious hazard to water organisms.
CHAPTER 4: LOG BOOK AND WEEKLY REPORT

ACTIVITY LOG FOR FIRST WEEK

 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK-1(From Dt:15/07/2024 to Dt;25/07/2024)
ACTIVITY LOG FOR SECOND WEEK
 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK-2(From Dt:12/08/2024 to 17/08/2024)
ACTIVITY LOG FOR THIRD WEEK
 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK-3(From Dt:02/09/2024 to Dt:07/09/2024)
ACTIVITY LOG FOR FOURTH WEEK
 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK-4(From Dt:23/09/2024 to Dt:28/09/2024)
ACTIVITY LOG FOR FIFTH WEEK
 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK-5(From Dt:14/10/2024 to Dt:19/10/2024)
ACTIVITY LOG FOR SIXTH WEEK
 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK-6(From Dt: to Dt:
Agricultural Discharges :

Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used by farmers to protect crops from insects
and bacteria. They are useful for the plants growth. However, when these chemicals are
mixed up with water produce harmful for plants and animals. Also, when it rains, the
chemicals mixes up with rainwater and flow down into ponds which pose serious
damages for aquatic animals.
There are numerous causes of water pollution. The main ones are listed below: Types of
sources
1. Point sources
It is directly attributable to one influence. Here pollutant travels directly from
source to water.
2. Diffuse or non-point source
It is from various ill-defined and diffuse sources. They vary spatially and
temporally and are difficult to regulate.
The main sources of water pollution are as follows:
• Community waste water.
• Industrial waste.

3. Agricultural sources
Excess fertilizers may reach the ground water by leaching or may be mixed with surface
water of rivers, lakes and ponds by runoff and drainage. 4. Thermal pollution
• The main sources are the thermal and nuclear power plants.
• The power plants use water as coolant and release hot waters to the original
source.
• Sudden rise in temperature kills fishes and other aquatic animals.
5. Garbage
Plastics are non-biodegradable. Mass plastics clog water bodies and contaminate
water.
6. Urbanization
Urbanization is a key factor in increasing the amounts of water pollution.
7. Dumping solid waste
Humans often carelessly dump their trash in the sea or near rivers.
8. Oil spills
Accidental oil spills have a devastating effect on seas.
9. Dissolved gases
Polluting gases in the air can dissolve into salt and fresh water and pollute it.
 10. Boat fuels
Fossil fuels used in the shipping industry are one of the largest causes of both air and
water pollution.
11. Untreated sewage from households
• Dye, lotion, soap, hair oil, shampoo, powder, deodorant, moisturizer and many
other such products also contribute in water pollution. These products go to the
sewage without any treatment.
• Untreated sewage from households can contaminate different water bodies in the
process.
• When sewage pipes break, there is a chance that the wastes will contaminate
drinking water.
Effects of Water Pollution :
Water pollution damages human health makes our living conditions precarious and
threatens life on the planet. Effects on aquatic ecosystem
• Polluted water reduces Dissolved Oxygen (DO) content, thereby, eliminates
sensitive organisms like plankton, molluscs and fish etc.
• Biocides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS) and heavy metals directly eliminate
sensitive aquatic organisms.
• Hot waters discharged from industries, when added to water bodies, lowers its DO
content.
Effects on human health
• The polluted water usually contains pathogens like virus, bacteria, parasitic
protozoa and worms; therefore, it is a source of water borne diseases like jaundice,
cholera, typhoid, arnoebiasis etc.
• Mercury compounds in waste water are converted by bacterial action into
extremely toxic methyl mercury, which can cause numbness of limbs, lips and
tongue, deafness, blurring of vision and mental derangement.
• Groundwater contains high levels of arsenic. As a result, the black bruises on the
hands and soles of the feet are called black foot disease.
• Water contaminated with cadmium can cause itai itai disease also called ouch-
ouch disease (a painful disease of bones and joints) and cancer of lungs and liver.
• The compounds of lead cause Anaemia, headache, loss of muscle power and
bluish line around the gum.
• A crippling deformity called Minamata disease due to consumption of fish
captured from mercury contaminated Minamata Bay in Japan was detected in
1952.
• Presence of excess nitrate in drinking water is dangerous for human health and
may be fatal for infants.
 • Excess nitrate in drinking water reacts with haemoglobin to form non-functional
methaemoglobin, and impairs oxygen transport. This condition is called
methaemoglobinemia or blue baby syndrome.
• Excess fluoride in drinking water causes neuro-muscular disorders, gastro-
intestinal problems, teeth deformity, hardening of bones and stiff and painful
joints.
• High concentration of fluoride ions is present in drinking water in 13 states of
india.
• The maximum level of fluoride, which the human body can tolerate in 1.5 parts
per million.
• Long term ingestion of fluoride ions causes fluorosis.
• Over exploitation of ground water may lead to leaching of arsenic from soil and
rock sources and contaminate ground water.
• Chronic exposure to arsenic causes lack foot disease.
• It also causes, Diarrhoea, peripheral neuritis and also lung and skin cancer.
• Arsenic contamination is a serious problem the Ganges Delta, west Bengal causing
serious arsenic poisoning to large numbers of people.
• A2007 study found that over 137 million people in more than 70 countries are
probably affected by arsenic poisoning of drinking water.
Biological Magnification :
Heavy metal is harmful to species. When it inters in the food chain, harms all the
species in the chain through increasing concentration of toxicants or pollutants in
different tropic levels of the food chain, which is called biological magnification.
Common examples of heavy metals are Mercury and DDT. These toxic materials that are
ingested by the organisms cannot be metabolized or excreted. And, therefore they are
passed on to the other tropic levels. Gradually as they go higher up the tropic levels, the
concentration of these toxicants increases; thereby causing immense damage to the
organisms.
When non-degradable substances increase in the ecosystem, they increase the rising
concentration of toxic substances among the organisms present in the food chain and
food web. The poisonous level gradually increased with the increase of the trophical
levels of the food chain.
According to bioaccumulations affinity, the lower trophic level of the organism is
much more or less toxic than the organism presents in the high trophic level. This is
increased gradually among the base to top predators via the food chain.
Ecotoxic substances are some chemicals that have more abundant properties than
other compounds. Hence, the consistent application of these can increase the level of
thermodynamics disturbance in the environment. Some of the toxic exhaust substances
are human made called persistent organic pollutants or pops, agents of biomagnification.

Control of water pollution :

 Administration of water pollution control should be in the state or central government.
Scientific techniques should be adopted for environmental control of catchment of ponds.
Industrial plants should be based on recycling operations as it helps prevent disposal of
wastes into natural waters but waste.
Plants trees and forests control pollution as they act as natural air conditioners. Trees
are capable of reducing sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide pollutants and hence more trees
should be planted. No type of waste should be discharge into any natural water body.
Industries should develop closed loop water supply schemes and domestic’s sewage must
be used for irrigation.
Laws, standards and practices should be established to prevent water pollution and
these laws should be modified from time to time based on current requirements and
technological advancements. Basic and applied research in public health engineering
should be encouraged.
Control Measures
1. Riparian buffers
2. Recycle
3. Hot water should be cooled before release from the power plants
4. Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides should be avoided.
5. Organic farming and efficient use of animal residues as fertilizers.
6. Water hyacinth can purify water by taking some toxic materials and a number of
heavy metals from water.
7. Identify industrial units that are the biggest polluters of river water.
8. A regular monitoring of fresh water resources.
9. Construct proper sanitary landfill sites.
10.Investigate Ground water quality.
11.Throw refuse into garbage cans.
12.Participate in awareness-raising activities.
Report of the mini-project work done in the related subject w.r.t the
habitation/village.

A mini-project work in the related subject w.r.t the habitation/village. (For ex., a
student of Botany may do a project on Organic Farming or Horticulture or usage of
biofertilizers or biopesticides or effect of the inorganic pesticides, etc. A student of
Zoology may do a project on Aquaculture practices or animal husbandry or poultry
or health and hygiene or Blood group analysis or survey on the Hypertension or
survey on the prevalence of diabetes, etc.
The Report shall be limited to 6 pages.
Water pollution is a pressing environmental issue that affects ecosystems, human health, and
the economy. Here’s a detailed look at its causes, impacts, and solutions:

Causes of Water Pollution:

1. Industrial Discharge:

Factories often release pollutants directly into rivers, lakes, and oceans. These can include
heavy metals, chemicals, and toxins.

2. Agricultural Runoff:

Pesticides, fertilizers, and animal waste from farms can wash into water bodies, introducing
harmful substances.

3. Wastewater and Sewage:

Untreated or inadequately treated sewage and wastewater contain pathogens and chemicals
that contaminate water sources.

4. Oil Spills:

Accidents during oil extraction, transport, or storage can release large quantities of oil into
the ocean, severely impacting marine life.
5. Plastic Waste:

Plastics that end up in water bodies break down into microplastics, which are ingested by
marine life and enter the food chain.

6. Household Chemicals:

Everyday products like detergents, cleaning agents, and pharmaceuticals can pollute water
when improperly disposed of.

Impacts of Water Pollution:

1. Health Hazards:

Contaminated water can cause diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and hepatitis. It also
poses long-term health risks from exposure to toxic substances.

2. Ecosystem Damage:

Pollutants can destroy aquatic habitats, kill fish and other marine organisms, and disrupt the
balance of ecosystems.

3. Economic Costs:

Water pollution affects fisheries, tourism, and property values. Cleaning polluted water
sources also requires significant financial resources.

4. Food Chain Contamination:

Pollutants absorbed by aquatic organisms can move up the food chain, eventually affecting
humans and other animals.

Solutions to Water Pollution:

1. Regulation and Enforcement:

Implementing and enforcing strict laws to limit industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and
waste disposal.

2. Wastewater Treatment:

Investing in advanced sewage and wastewater treatment facilities to ensure pollutants are
removed before water is released back into the environment.

3. Sustainable Agriculture:

Promoting farming practices that minimize the use of harmful chemicals and manage animal
waste effectively.
4. Public Awareness:

Educating the public about the sources and impacts of water pollution and encouraging
responsible disposal of household chemicals and plastics.

5. Cleanup Initiatives:

Organizing community cleanups and supporting organizations dedicated to cleaning polluted

water bodies.

Personal Actions:

1. Reduce Plastic Use:

Avoid single-use plastics and opt for reusable products to minimize plastic waste.

2. Proper Disposal:

Dispose of household chemicals, medications, and waste properly to prevent them from
entering water systems.

3. Support Policies:

Advocate for and support policies and initiatives aimed at reducing water pollution.

Water pollution is a complex problem, but with concerted effort from individuals,
communities, and governments, significant progress can be made toward cleaner, healthier
water for all.
Wastage of Water:

Water wastage is a critical issue that affects both the environment and society. Here's a brief
overview of why it matters:

Environmental Impact:

1. Depletion of Resources:

Overusing water reduces the available supply, especially in areas prone to droughts.

2. Ecosystem Damage:

Excessive water extraction and pollution from waste can harm ecosystems, affecting wildlife
and plant life.

Social and Economic Impact:

1. Water Scarcity:

Many communities, especially in developing countries, suffer from a lack of clean water.
Wasting water exacerbates this issue.

2. Increased Costs:Treating and delivering water requires significant energy and resources.
Wasteful practices increase these costs and strain infrastructure.

Personal Actions to Reduce Water Wastage:

1. Fix Leaks:

A dripping tap can waste a surprising amount of water over time. Ensuring all leaks are fixed
can save a lot.

2. Efficient Appliances:

Using water-efficient appliances, such as low-flow showers and toilets, can significantly
reduce water usage.

3. Conscious Usage:

Simple actions like turning off the tap while brushing teeth, taking shorter showers, and
using a broom instead of a hose to clean driveways can make a big difference.

Broader Solutions:

1. Public Awareness:

Educating people about the importance of water conservation and ways to reduce waste.

2. Policy and Regulation:

Implementing laws and regulations that promote efficient water use and penalize wastage.

3. Technological Innovations:

Investing in technology that improves water use efficiency and recycling.

Addressing water wastage is vital for ensuring a sustainable future for all. By taking small
steps individually and advocating for larger systemic changes, we can make a significant
impact.
CHAPTER 6: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE MINI PROJECT

Water pollution is one of the major environmental pollution, which destroys the
environment, animals and our daily comfortable life. In the present investigation, we
reviewed that due to presence of impurities in the lake, there are many different parameters
found to be increased during summer season and have got diluted during rainy season. So,
this kind of changes would affect the aquatic environment as increase in nitrogen content
would result in eutrophication naturally which leads to decrease in the oxygen content level.
Lack of oxygen can cause fish kills and lack of fish enables malaria-hosting mosquitoes as
mosquitoes are natural food for fish. Without oxygen at the bottom at all times, beneficial
bacteria and insects cannot biodegrade the organic sediment at bed level of the lake.
Purification methods should exist from filtration processes that should be carried
out before introducing any foreign material into the water body. Some pollutants are released
into the lake. Proper bioremediation techniques should also be used to improve that water
quality. Discharge of untreated domestic sewage and industrial effluents, washing clothes,
vehicles, animals and immersion of idols at the time of festivals contributing to the pollution
of lake. The present review reveals that nutrient loading has exceeded the eutrophic
condition leading to a hyper eutrophic status. Land use change and longer growing seasons
could increase the use of fertilizers with subsequent leaching to watercourses, rivers and
lakes, increasing the risk of eutrophication and loss of biodiversity.
So we must be aware about water pollution as we are all the reason behind it. As a
student we should understand this word wide problem of water pollution and think about its
remedy. And we should convince others about this. Water pollution destroys important food
sources and contaminates drinking water with chemicals that can cause immediate and
longterm harm to human health. Water pollution also often severely damages aquatic
ecosystems. Water pollution arises from accidental or deliberate disposal of harmful
substances on land , dumping of Petro-chemicals at sea , over-use of pesticides and fertilizers
and poor sewage systems , all of which results in contamination of both surface and ground
water . Water pollution is a serious issue and preventive measures are essential. It is the
second most important environmental issue next to air pollution.
 Student Self-Evaluation for the Community Service Project
Please rate your performance in the following areas:

Rating Scale : 1 is lowest and 5 is highest rank

1)Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2)Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3)Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
4)Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5
5)Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6) Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7)Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
8)Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5
9)Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10) Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11) Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5
12) Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
13) Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5
14) Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5
15) OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5

Date: Signature of the Student:

Evaluation by the Person in-charge in the Community/Habitation

Student Name: N.Nandini Bai

Registration No:22AT1A0594

Period of CSP: From: To:

Date of Evaluation:
Name of the person in-charge: Dr.K.Sreenivasulu M.Tech,Ph.D
Address with mobile number:

Please rate the student’s performance in the following areas:

Please note that your evaluation shall be done independent of the Student’s self-evaluation

Rating Scale: 1 is lowest and 5 is highest rank

1)Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2)Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3)Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
4)Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5
5)Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6) Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7)Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
8)Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5
9)Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10) Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11) Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5
12) Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
13) Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5
14) Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5
15) OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5
Date: Signature of the Supervisor
PHOTOS AND VIDEO LINKS:
 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT STATEMENT

Name of the Student :N.Nandini Bai

Programme of Study:B-Tech
Year of Study:III year
Group:Computer Science and Engineering
Register No:22AT1A0594
Name of the College:G.Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology
University:JNTUA