1. What are Servlets? Explain database connectivity using Java Servlets.

Answer:

Servlets are Java-based server-side programs that handle client requests and generate dynamic web
content. They run within a servlet container such as Apache Tomcat and extend the capabilities of
web servers.

Database Connectivity Using Java Servlets:

1. Load the JDBC driver.

2. Establish a connection using DriverManager.getConnection().

3. Create a Statement or PreparedStatement object.

4. Execute queries using executeQuery() or executeUpdate().

5. Process the results and close the connection.

Example Code:

java

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import java.io.*;

import java.sql.*;

import javax.servlet.*;

import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class DBServlet extends HttpServlet {

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException,

res.setContentType("text/html");

PrintWriter out = res.getWriter();

try {

Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb", "root",

Statement stmt = con.createStatement();

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM users");

while (rs.next()) {

out.println(rs.getInt(1) + " " + rs.getString(2) + "<br>");

con.close();

} catch (Exception e) {

out.println(e);

2. What is JSP? Explain the JSP environment.

Answer:

JavaServer Pages (JSP) is a technology used to develop dynamic web pages using Java. It allows
embedding Java code inside HTML using special tags like <% %>. JSP is converted into a servlet before
execution.

JSP Environment:

• JSP Engine: Converts JSP pages into servlets.

• Servlet Container: Hosts and manages servlets.

• Request and Response Objects: Facilitate communication between the client and server.

• Built-in JSP Objects: request, response, session, application, etc.

• Custom Tags and EL: Enhance reusability and simplify dynamic content generation.

3. What are threads in Java? What are the advantages of multithreaded programming?

Answer:

A thread in Java is a lightweight subprocess that runs independently. It allows concurrent execution
within a program.

Advantages of Multithreading:

1. Improved Performance: Multiple tasks execute simultaneously, enhancing efficiency.

2. Better CPU Utilization: Ensures the processor is not idle.

3. Faster Execution: Reduces response time in applications like gaming and web servers.

4. Concurrency: Allows handling multiple requests at once.

Example Code for Thread Creation:

java

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class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {

System.out.println("Thread is running...");

public static void main(String args[]) {

MyThread t = new MyThread();

t.start();

4. Explain exception handling in Java. How does Java handle strings?

Answer:

Exception handling in Java is done using try, catch, finally, throw, and throws to manage runtime
errors gracefully.

Example:

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try {

int num = 10 / 0;

} catch (ArithmeticException e) {

System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero!");

} finally {

System.out.println("Execution completed.");

Handling Strings in Java:

• String Creation: String str = "Hello";

• Concatenation: str1.concat(str2);

• Comparison: str1.equals(str2);

• Substring Extraction: str.substring(0, 5);

• Mutable Strings: Use StringBuilder or StringBuffer.

Answer:

An Applet is a Java program that runs inside a web browser. It extends java.applet.Applet and is
embedded using <applet> tags.

Example Applet Code:

java

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import java.applet.Applet;

import java.awt.Graphics;

public class MyApplet extends Applet {

public void paint(Graphics g) {

g.drawString("Hello, Applet!", 50, 50);

A Driver is a software component that enables Java to interact with databases via JDBC. Example:
com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver for MySQL.

6. What is the difference between AWT and Swing?

Feature AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) Swing

Look & Feel OS-dependent OS-independent

Components Heavyweight Lightweight

Flexibility Limited More customizable

Performance Slower Faster

7. What is the lifecycle of a Servlet?

Answer:

1. Loading: The servlet class is loaded.

2. Initialization (init()): Called once when the servlet is created.

3. Request Handling (service()): Handles client requests.

4. Destruction (destroy()): Called when the servlet is unloaded.

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public void init() { System.out.println("Servlet Initialized"); }

public void service() { System.out.println("Processing Request"); }

public void destroy() { System.out.println("Servlet Destroyed"); }

8. What is event handling in Java? Explain with an example.

Answer:

Event handling allows Java programs to respond to user actions like button clicks.

Example:

java

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import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

public class EventDemo extends Frame implements ActionListener {

Button b;

EventDemo() {

b = new Button("Click Me");

b.setBounds(50, 50, 80, 30);

b.addActionListener(this);

add(b);

setSize(300, 300);

setLayout(null);

setVisible(true);

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

System.out.println("Button Clicked!");
 }

public static void main(String args[]) {

new EventDemo();

9. What is polymorphism in Java?

Answer:

Polymorphism allows methods to have multiple implementations.

Types:

• Compile-time polymorphism (Method Overloading):

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class Math {

int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }

int add(int a, int b, int c) { return a + b + c; }

• Runtime polymorphism (Method Overriding):

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class Parent { void show() { System.out.println("Parent"); } }

class Child extends Parent { void show() { System.out.println("Child"); } }

10. Explain TCP/IP-based socket programming in Java.

Answer:

Sockets allow communication between devices over a network.

Example Client-Server Communication: Server:

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ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(5000);

Client:

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Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 5000);

11. What is an Interface in Java?

An interface is an abstract type that defines a contract for classes.

Example:

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interface Animal { void makeSound(); }

class Dog implements Animal { public void makeSound() { System.out.println("Bark!"); } }

12. What is JDBC?

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is an API for database interaction.

13. What is HTML? Explain its structure.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) structures web pages using tags like <html>, <head>, <body>,
etc.

14. What is an Array in Java?

An array is a collection of elements of the same type, accessed via indexing.

15. What is a Vector in Java?

A Vector is a dynamic array that grows automatically.