Formatted Formula Summary: Chapter 1 to Chapter 14
Chapter 1: Real Numbers
- HCF × LCM = Product of two numbers
- Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic (Prime Factorisation)
- Irrational numbers: √(2), √(3), √(5)
Chapter 2: Polynomials
- Zero of linear polynomial (ax + b) = -b/a
- For ax2 + bx + c:
• Sum of roots = -b/a
• Product of roots = c/a
- For ax3 + bx2 + cx + d:
• Sum of roots = -b/a
• Sum of products of roots (2 at a time) = c/a
• Product of roots = -d/a
Chapter 3: Pair of Linear Equations
- General form: a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
- Unique solution: a1/a2 ≠ b1/b2
- Infinite solutions: a1/a2 = b1/b2 = c1/c2
- No solution: a1/a2 = b1/b2 ≠ c1/c2
Chapter 4: Quadratic Equations
- General form: ax2 + bx + c = 0
- Roots: × = (-b ± √(b2 - 4ac)) / 2a
- Discriminant D = b2 - 4ac
- D > 0: Two real and distinct roots
D = 0: Two equal roots
D < 0: No real roots
Chapter 5: Arithmetic Progressions
- nth term: an = a + (n - 1) d
- Sum of n terms: Sn = n/2 [2a + (n - 1) d]
- Sum with last term: Sn = n/2 (a + l)
Chapter 6: Triangles
- AAA, SSS, SAS, RHS similarity criteria
- Theorem 1: If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle, it divides the other two sides in the same ratio
- Theorem 2: Converse of above
- Basic proportionality: AD/DB = AE/EC
Chapter 7: Coordinate Geometry
- Distance between two points:
√[(x2 - x1)2 + (y2 - y1)2]
- Midpoint formula: ((x1 + x2)/2, (y1 + y2)/2)
- Section formula:
(m1 x2 + m2 x1)/(m1 + m2), (m1 y2 + m2 y1)/(m1 + m2)
Chapter 8: Introduction to Trigonometry
- sin A = Opposite / Hypotenuse
cos A = Adjacent / Hypotenuse
tan A = Opposite / Adjacent
- cosec A = 1/sin A, sec A = 1/cos A, cot A = 1/tan A
- Identities:
• sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
• 1 + tan2 A = sec2 A
• 1 + cot2 A = cosec2 A
Chapter 9: Applications of Trigonometry
- Angle of Elevation and Depression
- Use tan A = Opposite / Adjacent, sin A = Opposite / Hypotenuse, cos A = Adjacent / Hypotenuse
Chapter 10: Circles
- A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact
- Lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal
Chapter 11: Areas Related to Circles
- Area of circle = pi r2
- Circumference = 2 pi r
- Area of sector = (theta / 360) × pi r2
- Arc length = (theta / 360) × 2 pi r
- Area of segment = Area of sector - Area of triangle
Chapter 12: Surface Areas and Volumes
- Cube: TSA = 6a2, Volume = a3
- Cuboid: TSA = 2(lb + bh + hl), Volume = l × b × h
- Cylinder: CSA = 2 pi r h, TSA = 2 pi r (h + r), Volume = pi r2 h
- Cone: CSA = pi r l, TSA = pi r (l + r), Volume = (1/3) pi r2 h
- Sphere: TSA = 4 pi r2, Volume = (4/3) pi r3
- Hemisphere: CSA = 2 pi r2, TSA = 3 pi r2, Volume = (2/3) pi r3
Chapter 13: Statistics
- Mean (direct): x■ = (sum of f x) / (sum of f)
- Mean (assumed mean): x■ = a + (sum of f d) / (sum of f)
- Mode = l + [(f1 - f0)/(2f1 - f0 - f2)] × h
- Median = l + [(n/2 - cf)/f] × h
- Empirical relation: Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean
Chapter 14: Probability
- P(E) = Number of favourable outcomes / Total outcomes
- 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1
- P(not E) = 1 - P(E)
