Living in the

Information
Technology (IT) Era
 Lesson 1
Introduction to Living in the IT
Era
Introduction to living in the IT Era
Information Technology

• Information is facts provided or learned about something or • From Greek word “technologies” in other form “techne”
someone. means art, skill, or craft “logia” means study generally,
technology makes better.
• Information is knowledge acquired from another.
• Technology is applications of scientific knowledge to solve
• Information is knowledge you can convey to others. problem or perform a specific function.

• Knowledge gained through study, communication, research, Examples

instruction.
• The simplest form of technology is the development and use
Methods for transfer of information of basic tools.
• Image • Invention of the wheel helped humans to travel.
• Text
Information Technology
• Sound
• Use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate
• Video data or information.

• Information technology involving the development,

maintenance, and use of computer systems, software, and
networks for the processing and distribution of data.
History of Information Technology
Four Stages of Information Technology Development: • 3000 B.C., the Sumerians in Mesopotamia (what is
today southern Iraq) devised cuniform.
• Pre-Mechanical Age

• Mechanical Age

• Electromechanical Age

• Electronic Age

PRE-MECHANICAL AGE: 3000 B.C. - 1450 A.D.

1. Writing and Alphabets-communication.

• The Greeks later adopted the Phoenician alphabet and
• Petroglyph - First humans communicated only through added vowels; the Romans gave the letters Latin
speaking and picture drawings. names to create the alphabet we use today.

2. Paper and Pens--input technologies.

• Sumerians' input technology was a stylus that could
scratch marks in wet clay.
• About 2600 B.C., the Egyptians write on the papyrus
plant.
• Around 100 A.D., the Chinese made paper from rags,
on which modern-day papermaking is based.
History of Information Technology
3. Books and Libraries: Permanent Storage Devices. 5. The First Calculators: The Abacus.

• Religious leaders in Mesopotamia kept the earliest • One of the very first information processors.
"books"

• The Egyptians kept scrolls.

• Around 600 B.C., the Greeks began to fold sheets of

papyrus vertically into leaves and bind them together.

4. The First Numbering Systems.

• Egyptian System:
o The numbers 1-9 as vertical lines, the number 10 MECHANICAL AGE: 1450 – 1840
as a U or circle, the number 100 as a coiled rope,
and the number 1,000 as a lotus blossom. 1. The First Information Explosion.

• The first numbering systems like those in use today • Johann Gutenberg – Invented the movable metal-type
were invented between 100 and 200 A.D. by Hindus in printing process in 1450.
India who created a nine-digit numbering system.
• The development of book indexes and the widespread
• Around 875 A.D., the concept of zero was developed. use of page numbers.
History of Information Technology
2. Calculating Machine ELETROMECHANICAL AGE: 1840 – 1940

• Wilhelm Schickard invented the first mechanical 1. Morse Code: 1835

calculator in 1623 that can work with six digits and can
carries digits across columns. • Samuel Morse – conceived of his version of an
Electromagnetic Telegraph (Dots and Dashes)
3. Pascaline
2. Telephone and Radio: 1876
• The Pascaline. Invented by Blaise Pascal (1642) (made
of clock gears and levers) that could solve • Alexander Graham Bell – developed the first working
mathematical problems like addition and subtraction. telephone.

4. Babbage's Engines 3. Comptograph: 1885

• Charles Babbage – invented the difference engine • Dorr Felt – invented first adding and subtracting
(1821) and analytical engine (1832). Father of modern calculator.
computer.
• Comptograph containing a built-in printer.
History of Information Technology
4. Punch Card: 1890

• Piece of stiff paper that contains digital information

represented by the presence or absence of holes in
predefined positions.

ELECTRONIC AGE: 1941 – PRESENT

1. Z3: 1941

• Konrad Zuse – Built the first programmable

computer called Z3.

2. Mark I: 1942
3. ABC Computer: 1942
• John von Neumann – Build the first stored program
• John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry.
computer.
• Completed the first all-electronic computer called ABC
• 8 feet tall, 51 feet long, 2 feet thick, weighed 5 tons,
or Atanasoff-Berry Computer.
used about 750,000 parts, 500 miles of wires.
• Foundation for advances in electronic digital computers.
 History of ICT

 ICT, or information and communications

technology (or technologies), is the
infrastructure and components that enable
modern computing. Although there is no
single, universal definition of ICT, the term
is generally accepted to mean all devices,
networking components, applications and
systems that combined allow people and
organizations (i.e., businesses, nonprofit
agencies, governments, and criminal
enterprises) to interact in the digital world.
Uses of ICT In Our Daily Lives
Communication
We I know that ICT take a major role for us by ICT allows students to monitor and manage their
means of communicating, way back the past our own learning, think critically and creatively, solve
parents use to make letter and send it via post simulated real-world problems, work collaboratively,
mail. engage in ethical decision-making, and adopt a
global perspective towards issues and ideas. It also
But now with the help of ICT it is easier to provides students from remote areas access to
communicate with our loved ones. We can use expert teachers and learning resources and gives
cellular phones that design for communicating with administrators and policy makers the data and
other people even they are miles away far from you. expertise they need to work more efficiently.
Nowadays people are in touch with the help of ICT.
Through chatting, E-mail, voice mail and social
networking people communicate with each other. It
is the cheapest means of communication.
Uses of ICT In Our Daily Lives
Job Opportunities
In the employment sector, ICT enables Nowadays, employers expect their staff to have
organizations to operate more efficiently, so basic ICT skills. This expectation even applies to job
employing staff with ICT skills is vital to the smooth roles where ICT skills may not have been an
running of any business. Being able to use ICT essential requirement in the past.
systems effectively allows employees more time to
concentrate on areas of their job role that require Nowadays, finding a job is different, you can just
soft skills. use your smart phone, laptop, desktop or any
gadgets that is available in the comfort of your
For example, many pharmacies use robot home.
technology to assist with picking prescribed drugs.
This allows highly trained pharmaceutical staff to
focus on jobs requiring human intelligence and
interaction, such as dispensing and checking
medication.
Uses of ICT In Our Daily Lives
Education
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) When teachers are digitally literate and trained to
can impact student learning when teachers are use ICT, these approaches can lead to higher order
digitally literate and understand how to integrate it thinking skills, provide creative and individualized
into curriculum. options for students to express their
understandings, and leave students better prepared
Schools use a diverse set of ICT tools to to deal with ongoing technological change in society
communicate, create, disseminate, store, and and the workplace.
manage information.(6) In some contexts, ICT has
also become integral to the teaching- learning
interaction, through such approaches as replacing
chalkboards with interactive digital whiteboards,
using students' own smartphones or other devices
for learning during class time, and the "flipped
classroom" model where students watch lectures
at home on the computer and use classroom time
for more interactive exercises.
Uses of ICT In Our Daily Lives
Socializing
Social media has changed the world. The rapid and As the ICT has become ubiquitous, faster and
vast adoption of these technologies is changing how increasingly accessible to non-technical
we find partners, how we access information from communities, social networking and collaborative
the news, and how we organize to demand political services have grown rapidly enabling people to
change. communicate and share interest in many more
ways, sites like Facebook, Twitter LinkedIn You
The internet and social media provide young people tube, Flicker, second life delicious blogs wiki's and
with range of benefits, and opportunities to many more let people of all ages rapidly share their
empower themselves in a variety of ways. Young interest of the movement without others
people can maintain social connections and support everywhere. But Facebook seems to be the leading
networks that otherwise wouldn't be possible and areas of where people communicate and share their
can access more information than ever before. The opinions. What a change! "Nothing is permanent,
communities and social interactions young people but change" (As Heraditus in the 4thcentury BC).
form online can be invaluable for bolstering and
developing young people's self-confidence and
social skills.
Uses of ICT In Our Daily Lives
Socializing
Internet can be seen as the international networks
of interconnection of computer networks, the main
purpose for the institution of internet are quest for
information i.e., browsing, electronic mail, knew
groups fill transfer and access and use of another
computer. Socialization can be seen as a process
by which a child adapts a behavior to be an effective
member of the society, which can only be achieved
through learning or education.
Impact of ICT in The Society
Positive impacts of Information and Communication Technology
• Access to information: Increase in access • Communication: Cost savings by using e.g.
information and services that has accompanied VoIP instead of normal telephone, email /
the growth of the Internet. Some of the positive messaging instead of post, video conferencing
aspects of this increased access are better, and instead of traveling to meetings, e-commerce
often cheaper, communications, such as VoIP web sites instead of sales catalogues. Access to
phone and Instant Messaging. larger, even worldwide, markets.

• Improved access to education:, e.g., distance • Information management: Data mining of

learning and online tutorials. New ways of customer information to produce lists for targeted
learning, e.g., interactive multi-media and virtual advertising. Improved stock control, resulting in
reality. less wastage, better cash flow, etc.

• New tools, new opportunities: software and • Security: ICT solves or reduces some security
high-quality printers, screen magnification or ICT problems, e.g., Encryption methods can keep
gives access to new tools that did not previously data safe from unauthorized people, both while it
exist digital cameras, photo-editing screen is being stored or while it is being sent
reading software enables partially sighted or blind electronically.
people to work with ordinary text rather than
Braille. • ICT allows people to participate in a wider, even
worldwide, society
Impact of ICT in The Society
Positive impacts of Information and Communication Technology
• Distance learning: students can access
teaching materials from all over the world.

• ICT facilitates the ability to perform 'impossible'

experiments' by using simulations.

• Creation of new more interesting jobs. Examples

would be systems analysts, programmers and
software engineers, as well as help desk
operators and trainers.
Impact of ICT in The Society
Negative impacts of Information and Communication Technology
• Job loss: Manual operations being replaced by • Reduced physical activity: This can lead to
automation. e.g., robots replacing people on an health problems such as obesity, heart disease,
assembly line. Job export. e.g., Data processing and diabetes.
work being sent to other countries where
operating costs are lower. Multiple workers being • Cost: A lot of ICT hardware and software is
replaced by a smaller number who can do the expensive, both to purchase and to maintain. An
same amount of work. e.g. A worker on a ICT system usually requires specialist staff to run
supermarket checkout can serve more customers it and there is also the challenge of keeping up
per hour if a bar-code scanner linked to a with ever r-changing technology.
computerized till is used to detect goods instead
• Competition: this is usually thought of as being
of the worker having to enter the item and price
a good thing, but for some organizations being
manually.
exposed to greater competition can be a
• Reduced personal interaction: Most people problem. If the organization is competing for
need some form of social interaction in their daily customers, donations, or other means of funding
lives, and they do not get the chance to meet and nationally or even internationally, they may lose
talk with other people they may feel Isolated and out to other organizations that can offer the same
unhappy. service for less money.
 References
• • W. Samuel, S. G. Ajumo, E. C. Anderson and S. Worgu (2016). ICT As A Change Angent For
Socialization and Social Engineering. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSRJCE) e-ISSN:
2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727, Volume 18, Issue 4, Ver. II

o • https://www.digitalistmag.com/cio-knowledge/2019/02/26/evolution-of-technologycontinues-
what-is-next-in-2019-06196611/ https://bit.ly/30IZ4FO

o • https://ailynvlla.home.blog/2019/03/04/how-ict-affect-our-daily-life/ https://bit.ly/32Vlpm6

o • https://www.wikijob.co.uk/content/application-advice/job-applications/what-are-ict-skills

o • https://bit.ly/2BuODwV Assessment Instruction:

18

End of Lesson 1
Any Questions?
 Activity # 1
Answer the following questions.

1. What is the relevance of ICT in your chosen course?

2. Name at least 4 uses of ICT in our daily lives and explain.

3. Give 5 positive impacts and 5 negative impacts of ICT in

the society.