INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY 1

SOC 101
1. ____ was born in Epinal France. a) Karl Marx b) Auguste Comte c) Emile Durkheim d) Herbert
Spencer
2. Auguste Comte was born in a)January 20,1798 b) January 20,1789 c) January 19,1789 d)
January 19,1798
3. Positive philosophy is notable to a) J S Mills b) Auguste Comte c) Emile Durkheim d) Karl
Marx
4. ___ is referred to as the father of sociology. a) Emile Durkheim b)Auguste Comte c) Herbert
Spencer d) Comte de St Simon
5. The discipline of sociology became well known in the a)18th century b) 17th century c) 19th
century d) 20th century
6. The principle of sociology was written by a) Auguste Comte b) Charles Dickens c) Herbert
Spencer d) Max Weber
7. The French revolution took place in a) France 1789 b) France 1798 c)France 1898 d) France
1889
8. The coinage ' al umran' is notable to a) Ibn Khaldun b) Max Weber c) St Simon d) Auguste
Comte
9. ____ defined sociology as the study of social dynamics and social static. a) Emile Durkheim b)
Auguste Comte c) Max Weber d) Karl Marx
10. There are two types of definition of society. These are- (a) Structural and interactional (b)
Functional and structural (c) Evolutionary and diffusive (d) Structural and evolutionary
11. The importance of the social division of labour as a criterion of social development has been
insisted by (a) Karl Marx (b) Emile Durkheim (c) F. Engels(d) Herbert Hyman
12. The basis of slave system is always? (a) Political (b) Economic (c) Custom (d) Social need
13. Who among the following was the first to distinguish between the state and the government?
(a) Locke (b) R. Dahl (c) Marx (d) Max Weber
14. Who among the following was the first to distinguish between the state and the government?
(a) Locke (b) R. Dahl (c) Marx (d) Max Weber
15. ‘The state originates and continues to exist for the sake of the best life’. Whose opinion is this?
(a) Aristotle (b) C.W. Mills (c) R. Dahl (d) W. Pareto

16. The acquisition of foreign culture by the subject people is called (a) Assimilation (b) Acculturation(c)
Colonisation (d) Subjectisation
17. Who among the following is associated with authority? (a) Hobbes (b) Rousseau (c) M. Weber
(d) Locke
18. Functional theory of stratification propounded by (a) Davis and Parsons (b) Davis and Moore (c)
Parsons and Ross (d) Goode and Hatt
19. Who was on the opinion that only those who are engaged in the production of goods are
productive? (a) Karl Marx (b) Adam Smith (c) Rosenberg (d) David Ricardo
20. The society has passed through the three stages of its development-theological, metaphysical
and the positive. This view was held by (a) Max Weber (b) H. Spencer (c) F. Tonnies (d) A. Comte
21. Which one of the following is the first stage of the evolution of an institution? (A) Tradition(B)
Ideology(C) Collective Experience(D) Mores
22. Identify the particular element that domi-nates in the material culture: (A) Religion and
Morality(B) Science and Technology(C) Custom and Tradition(D) Folkways
23. Which among the following is the indicator of open stratification system? (A) Ethnicity(B)
Caste(C) Class(D) Religion
24. Who among the following authors initially used the term ‘social physics’ for Sociology? (A)
Spencer(B) Comte(C) Tonnies(D) Weber
25. Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject? (a) The study of individual
behaviour(b) The study of cultures(c) The study of society and social interaction(d) The study of
economics
26. C. Wright Mills once said that sociologists need to develop a sociological __________ to study
how society affects individuals.(a) culture(b) imagination(c) method(d) tool
27. A sociologist defines society as a group of people who reside in a defined area, share a culture,
and who:(a) interact(b) work in the same industry(c) speak different languages(d) practice a
recognized religion
28. Sociology has been derived from the Latin word ‘Societus’ and ‘logos’, which means: (a) Friend
or companion and science(b) Society and laws(c) Sociability and science(d) Society and science
29. Socialism is a _____ not a process.(a) Theory(b) Virtue(c) biological specialization(d) state of
nature
30. Pick up one which is not true of an institution: (a) It is least concerned with customs and
mores(b) Customs and mores are its distinguishing feature(c) It meets primary needs of the
people(d) It is very stable
31. Social structure is a/an- (a) structural coherence(b) integration of ultimate values(c) ritualistic
expression(d) functional arrangement
32. According to Weber, the three types of leadership are: (a) rational, feudal and capitalistic(b)
feudal, traditional and charismatic(c) legal, traditional and charismatic(d) none of the above
33. Sociology is the interpretive understanding of social action. This definition was brought by- (a)
Max Weber(b) Karl Marx(c) C. Levi Strauss(d) Henry Maine
34. Norms are:(a) the conducts which incorporate value-judgments(b) the standardized
generalisations(c) the conducts which are the guidelines of the expected behaviour(d) not
pattern setting limits or the behaviour of an individual
35. Which of the following statements gives correct explanation of norms: (a) norms are those
standards of group behaviour which the members must follow (b) norms are those standards
which are obeyed to bring diffusion among the individuals(c) norms are certain rules which are
adopted to keep the individuals away from any kind of interaction(d) norms act against the
modes of behaviour of the individuals
36. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of deviant behaviour? (a) It disturbs social
equilibrium(b) It contravenes social norms(c) It is a departure from usual mode of behaviour(d)
It is a departure from newly developed set of behaviour
37. Which of the following statements is correct? (a) Deviance is in contradiction to social norms(b)
Deviance is the negation of the social behaviour and decency (c) Deviance means the
performance of activities which are not approved by the society (d) All of the above
38. Deviant behaviour-(a) Brings the disintegrating forces in equilibrium(b) Disturbs the equilibrium
in the social life of the people(c) Acts in contradiction to deviance(d) Means the behaviour which
is shown by diligent individuals
39. According to Cooley, the concept of____________ refers to an individual perception of self as
determined by the way one imagines one appears to others or as others perceive us______.(a)
Significant others(b) Generalised others(c) Looking-glass self (d) None of the above
40. Who first introduced the concept of alienation into sociological theory? (a) Hegel(b) August
Comte(c) Marx(d) Herbert Spencer
41. Alterations in various aspects of society over time. a)social movement b)social change
c)sociological imagination d)dynamic sociology
42. System of beliefs or ideas that justifies the social, moral, religious, political, or economic
interests held by an individual or group. a)reformulation b)ideology c)diffusion d)technology
43. What is the important sources of cultural change? a)Diffusion b)Discovery c)Invention d)All of
the above
44. Resisting social change because it comes from outside of one's group is called a)diffusion
b)ethnocentrism c)cultural lag d)self-fulfilment
45. The division of Sociology into social statics and social dynamics was done by (a) F. Angel(b)
Auguste Comte(c) Karl Marx(d) Saint Simon
46. Which among the following is the youngest social science? (a) Sociology(b) Political Science(c)
Economics(d) Statistics

47. Who among the following had observed that sociology is in its extreme infancy? (a) Radcliffe
Brown(b) Emile Durkheim(c) Malinowski(d) Robert Redfield
48. Every culture contains a large number of guidelines which direct conduct in a particular
situation. Such guidelines are known as- (a) Norms(b) Culture(c) Folkways(d) Mores
49. Norms are imposed through_____ means of social control. (a) formal and legal(b) formal and
informal(c) cultural(d) informal and legal
50. in simple society political institutions were based on the principle of (a) Supremacy of the ruler
(b) Rule of law(c) Code of conduct(d) Hierarchy of power holding
51. Durkheim classified society into (a) Mechanical and organic(b) material and non material (c)
Literate and non-literate(d) Open and closed
52. Identify the author who has concerned himself with a study of religion and social change. (a)
Karl Marx(b) Max Weber(c) Emile durkheim(d) Radcliffe Brown
53. Which one of the following is ascribed sta-tus?(A) Priest(B) Soldier(C) Husband(D) Son
54. Which of the following is not a dysfunction of religion?(A) Religion inhibits protests and impedes
social changes(B) Religion may foster dependence and irresponsibility(C) Religion impedes the
development of new identities(D) Religion explains individual suffering and helps to integrate
personality
55. A symbolic interactionist may compare social interactions to: (a) behaviours(b) conflicts(c)
human organs(d) theatrical roles
56. Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist? (a) Surveys(b)
Participant observation(c) Quantitative data analysis(d) None of the above
57. Studying Sociology helps people analyze data because they learn:(a) interview techniques(b) to
apply statistics(c) to generate theories(d) all of the above
58. ‘Man is a social animal’ is the famous analysis of human nature. It was said by: (a) Auguste
Comte(b) Socrates(c) Plato(d) Aristotle
59. Which one is known to be the youngest of the social sciences? (a) Economics(b) Sociology(c)
Anthropology(d) Psychology
60. The study of the different definitions of sociology reveals that it is: (a) The science of society(b)
A study of the forms of social relationship(c) A study of social relationship(d) All of the above
61. Which one of the following is not true of an institution? (a) It reforms foundational functions(b)
It is not concerned with foundational functions(c) It is needed for maintaining social order(d) It
grows automatically
62. Manifest functions of an institution are those which are: (a) Unstable(b) Unorganised(c)
Unplanned(d) Unanticipated (e) None of the above is true
63. Ethnocentrism is a characteristic of: (a) large group(b) secondary group(c) out group(d) in group
64. When a group of people decides to replace the old means and goals of society by new means
and goals it is known as: (a) innovation(b) ritualism(c) retreatism(d) rebellion
65. In a good social structure each group and institution is expected to perform- (a) Specific
functions(b) Un-scheduled functions(c) No function of any consequence(d) Only few limited
functions
66. Which is the root cause of the social relationships and help the social structure to move? (a)
custom(b) normative pattern(c) economic system(d) action
67. Mark the correct statements out of the following- (a) a member of a group may deviate from
the norms because he is aware that the norms are loosely enforced(b) a member may deviate
from the norms because he thinks that by doing so he will be given a place of distinction(c) both
of them(d) none of them
68. If a person is deviant in certain activities- (a) He will be deviant in all other activities(b) He will
not be deviant in all other activities(c) He will be held as an anti-social element(d) He will
become a saint
69. Who of the following was a social deviant?(a) Socrates (b) Christ(c) Galileo(d) All of the above
70. Mark the correct statement out of the following- (a) When the society changes norms also
change (b) When norms change society is bound to Change (c) Change in society has nothing to
do with the change in norms (d) None of the above
71. Mark the correct statement out of the following- (a) Deviation is absolute (b) Deviation is
relative (c) Deviation is less absolute and more relative (d) Deviation is relative and not absolute
72. ___________ refers to the division of a population into strata one on top of another, on the
basis of the possession of certain characteristics which the society regards as desirable or less
desirable. (a) Social inequality (b) Social stratification (c) Caste (d) Hierarchy
73. Which among the following is oldest? (a) Evolutionary model of social change (b) Dialectical
model of social change (c) Linear view of social change (d) Cyclical view of social change
74. An institution is a (a) defined way of behaviour (b) cluster of traits (c) series of complexes
centering upon an important activity(d) institutionalised relations
75. Cultural relativism means (a) Function and meaning of a trait are relative to its cultural setting
(b) culture is relatively rare(c) culture evolution is relative(d) cultural diffusion is relative
76. In a democracy, education must be regarded as (a) a social function(b) an individual concern(c)
parents concern (d) a state function
77. Who among the following believe that the state should not be passive but an active spectator in
regulating the life of the citizens?(a) Fascists(b) Democrats(c) Socialist(d) Individualists
78. When did ‘Bourgeoisie’ system of social classes emerge?(a) During tenth century(b) During
Renaissance period(c) During dark ages(d) During eighteenth and nineteenth century
79. A society’s resistance to social change is likely to be negatively related to its (a) Isolation(b)
Emphasis on conformity(c) Integration (d) Culture
80. The most important single cause of social change since the industrial revolution has been (a)
Value(b) Norms(c) Innovation(d) Secularization
81. ______ refers to the social categorization of people into ranking of socioeconomic tiers. a) social
strata b)social stratification c) social differentiation d) Social inequality
82. ______ are closed system where nothing can be done to change one's social position. a) class
system b) caste system c) meritocracy d) strata
83. _______ system is considered on both social factor and individual achievement. a) class system
b) caste system c) stratification d) strata
84. _____ is the movement of individuals, groups from one social position to another. a) social
change b) social mobility c) Social movement d) social Construction
85. The movement from one position to another of the same rank refers to.a) Social mobility b)
vertical mobility c) horizontal mobility d) cyclical mobility
86. The movement from one occupational position to another of higher or lower rank is.a) Social
mobility b) horizontal mobility c) vertical mobility d) cyclical mobility
87. _____ compares the occupational position of parents with offspring. a) generational mobility b)
family mobility c)intergenerational mobility d) intragenerational mobility
88. 'All society arrange their members in terms of superiority, inferiority and inequality' a) Auguste
Comte b) Shankar- Rao c) Karl Marx d) Marx Weber
89. ______ is a form of social stratification in which personal effort determines social position. a)
Autocracy b) Meritocracy c) Strata d) Status
90. ____ consist of set of people who share similar status,wealth,income, education and
occupation. a) Class b) status c) caste d) level
91. The highest education body in Nigeria is the ____a) Commission of education b) University body
c)Federal Ministry of education d) Ministry of education
92. When a group of people decides to reject means and accept the goals of society it is known
as:(a) innovation(b) ritualism (c) retreatism(d) rebellion
93. When a group of people accept the means and the goals of society it is known as:(a)
Conformity (b) ritualism(c) retreatism(d) rebellion
94. Science entails ____ and ____a) empiricism and rationalism b) ideology and methodology
a. c)ideology and rationalism d) methodology and objectivity
95. 'a problem in human relationships which seriously threatens society itself or impedes the
importan aspiration of many people' this definition was given by. a) Raab et all b) Marx Weber c)
John Williams d) John B Watson
96. Caste system is an example of ------------- status. a)Ascribed b)Achieved c)General d)Social
97. Durkheim defined ------------- as a Unified system of beliefs relative to sacred things. a)Ritual
b)Sanctions c)Custom d)Religion
98. ______ hierarchy of science a) five b) four c) six d) seven
99. The highest health body in Nigeria is a) Hospital board of directors b) federal ministry of health
c) NAFDAC d) ministry of health
100. _____ postulate the straight line,ordered or progressive nature of social change. a)
multilinear b) unilinear c)cyclical d)dialectical