Page | 20 IX-COMPUTER “CHAPTER-2” FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMPage | 21 CHAPTER-2 FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEM {An operating system is important software which makes the computer to run. it handles all the computer processes and runs the hardware. It makes you to communicate with computer without having command on its language. It is seen that your computer operating system manages all software and hardware functions. In computing, an interface is a shared boundary across which two or more separate components of a computer system exchange information. The exchange can be between software, computer hardware, peripheral devices, humans, and combinations of these. The Operating Systems have been evolved as Single User and Multi User OS, Batch Processing OS, ‘Time Sharing OS, Real Time Processing OS. Itis important to install them and keep systems software fully up to date. Otherwise, your systems may be vulnerable to newly discovered security flaws. Q1: What do you know about Operating System? OR — Write ashort note on Operating System. OPERATING SYSTEM: Itis the set of the programs that control and supervises the hardware of a computer and provides services to application software, programmers and users of computer. Without Operating System, a computer cannot do anything useful. The operating system act as an intermediate between user and the computer hardware. The primary goal of an Operating System is to make the computer convenient to use. The secondary goal is to use the computer efficiently. Following are some operating systems that are used in personal computers: 1. Dos 2. Windows: 3. Unix 4, Linux ete. Q2. What are the functions of Operating System? Functions of Operating System It is the responsibility of an Operating system to manage each and every activity of a computer because it is the connecting pathway between user and computer. It provides an interface for a user to communicate with computer. Functions of Operating System may be classified into following types: 1. Booting 2. Resource Management 3. User Interface or Command Interpreter 4, Memory Management 5. Input/ Output Management 6 File Management 7. Process Management 8. User Management Booting It is the process to starting the computer operating system. It checks the computer resources and makes it ready to perform different tasks. Resource Management Operating System manages all the hardware and software resources. This includes allocation and de- allocation of processor memory, access to shared cache memory and access to network resources. User Interface or Command Interpreter We interact with operating system through user interface. Command interpreter is one of the parts of operating systems which reads the command user, interprets them and translates them into machine language instruction that the computer hardware can understand. Memory Management It is the process of controlling and coordinating computer memory, assigning portions called blocks to various running programs to optimize overall system performance. Memory management resides in hardware, in the OS (operating system), and in programs and applic For further Details: 0342-2004125 rePage | 22 Input / Output Management. It provides the device driver to facilitate /0 functions involving I/O Devices. These device drivers are software that control I/O devices through controllers. File Management It manages all the file related activities such as organization storage, retrieval, naming, sharing and protection of files. Process Management A process is a job or activity to be performed by the system. Process management manages creation, deletion, suspension and resumption of processes. The term process refers here to a program code that has been loaded into the computer memory for execution by the CPU. The OS decides the order of the process running. User Management In modern operating systems, user management describes the ability of administrators to control user access to various computer resources like software, I/O devices, Storage system, networks etc. Q3. Define Interface. Name its types also. Interface {An interface is a program that allows a user to interact with the computer or another computer over a network. A User Interface (Ul) is the part of operating system, program or devices that allows a user to enter and receive information, There are many types of User Interface, Two most common user interfaces are following: 1- Command Line interface 2 Graphical User Interface Q4.__ Difference between GUI and CLI. Gul cu ‘A type of user interface that allows user to | An interface for the user issue commands in interact with electronic devices through graphical | the form successive lines of text or command, icons and visual indicators. line to perform the tasks. Even a beginner can easily handle. User should have good knowledge of commands. Itis slower. Itis faster. ‘GUI stands for Graphical user interface. Cl stands for Command line interface. There are customizable options to change the | Itis not possible to change the appearance, appearance. Q5. Write the advantages of CLI and GUI. ‘Ans: CLI (Command Line Interface): The main advantages of a command-line interface include: If you know the commands, a CLI can be a lot faster and efficient than any other type of interface. It can also handle repetitive tasks easily. A CLI requires less memory to use in comparison to other interfaces. GUI (Graphical User Interface): * Easy use. Since data is represented by symbols, shapes and icons, users can easily recognize, classify and navigate options... © Easy understanding. Visual representa Attractiveness. © Shortcuts + Multitasking. n of data is recognized faster than text. For further Details: 0342-2004125Page | 23 Q6. _ What is the difference between Single User and Multiuser OS? ‘SINGLE USER OS ‘MULTI USER OS ‘An Operating system which may use by the | An Operating system which may use by the single user at a time is called Single User OS. _| multiple users at a same time is called Multi User 0S. Schedule only one task at one time. Schedule multiple task at one time. It is simple. Itis complex. For Example: Windows, Dos, OS, Paim OS etc. _| For Example: LINUX, UNIX ete. Q7. What is Batch Processing 0S? OR —_ What is the main function of Batch Processing OS? Batch Processing Operating System A processing in which same types of jobs sets together and execute at a time. Each user prepares his job and submits it to the computer operator. This operating system does not interact with computer Systems. The main functions of the Batch Processing Operating System are: 1. Minimize the human interaction 2. Automatically executing the job in a batch 3. To speed up the processing. Q8. What is Time Sharing OS? OR —_ What is the main function of Time-Sharing OS? Time Sharing Operating System Time sharing is 2 method that allows multiple users to use a particular computer system at same time in different places. It allows users to share their resources simultaneously. This process is also known as “Multitasking”. In which CPU shares processors time is shared among multiple user which may termed as time-sharing, ‘Advantages of Time-Sharing OS: 1. It provides advantage of quick response. Itavoids the duplication of the software. Itreduces CPU idle time. isadvantages of Time-Sharing OS: thas problem of reliability Question of security and integrity of user programs and data can be raised. Problem of Data communication occurs. Q9. What is Real Time Processing OS? OR —_ What is the main function of Real Time Processing OS? Real Time Processing Operating System Real Time Processing is a time bound operating system which has fixed time limit. Processing has to be done within defined time limit otherwise system will be failed. Real Time Processing System classified into two types: 1. Hard Real Time System 2- Soft Real Time System Hard Real Time System A Hard-Real Time System guarantees that critical tasks complete on time, even the shortest delay is not acceptable. Missile Systems and Air Traffic Control Systems are the best examples. Soft Real Time System A Soft Real Time System is less strict the meeting of deadline is not compulsory for each task, every time. A critical real time task gets priority over other tasks until it completes. Online Transaction Te For further Details: 0342-2004125 SHAH ear TCIPage | 24 Systems and Air Line reservation in which reservation could be delayed but should be done are the best examples. Q10. What is Software Installation? Why do we need it? Software Installation It is the process of making programs ready for execution. Software installation or installer is a computer program that install the files such as drivers, applications. Software may install by various means from CD's, Flash drives, DVD's or can be (RESIN downloaded from Internet. Q11. _ Explain the installation of Office Automation Software. ‘Ans: An office automation system is the tool that enables data to move from one system to another on its own without human intervention and inaccuracies. These tools help organizations collect, manage, and analyze securely to accomplish everyday tasks and processes. We commonly Used MS Office in our computer systems. It helps users in their daily work. Following are the steps to install MS-Office. Run the MS-Office Setup from CD / DVD, Flash Drive or Hard Disk Drive Check the Box marked | accept the terms of this agreement and click on Continue. Enter Product Key Click on install Now or Customize procedure Select the package which you want to instal. Click on “Install Now”. Then installation begins MS Office installer will notify automatically after finishing the installation, Before installing the software MS-Office make sure that your hardware and software meet with the minimum requirements for the version of MS-Office that you want to install Q12. List the programs available in Ms Office and write why each program is used. ‘Ans: It contains a word processor (Word), a spreadsheet program (Excel) and a presentation Program (PowerPoint), an email client (Qutlook), a database management system (Access), and a desktop publishing app (Publisher). Office is produced in several versions targeted towards different end-users and computing environments, Q13. _ Whyis it important to install an antivirus software? ‘Ans: Antivirus software is designed to detect, prevent and take action against malicious software in your computer, including viruses. Even if you're smart with how you use your computer to avoid coming into contact with a virus, antivirus software is an essential part of a good security strategy. Q14. _ Explain the installation of Antivirus. ANTIVIRUS: To keep your computer free from viruses, we have to install an antivirus software. There are lots of antivirus software AVG, AVAST, Avira etc. Following are the steps to install MS-Office. 1. Run the Setup of antivirus from CD / DVD, Flash Drive or Hard Disk Drive 2. After executing the installation of antivirus software, antivirus software will be automatically installed on your computer 3. After completing the installation, we have to update the database of antivirus software time to time to secure our computer system from malicious files. Q15. _ Explain the installation of Windows Operating System? As we already have an idea that operating system is the essential software to interact with computer system. Windows is the most commonly used operating system which is developed by Microsoft. Following are the steps for the installation of windows 10. Insert the Windows Installation DVD/ Flash Drive. 2. Restart your computer 3. Wait for the First startup screen 4, Press of hold Del or F2 key to enter in the BIOS screen For further Details: 0342-2004125 rtPage | 25 Locate the boot order/ Boot sequence Select Boot order as per your installation source To upgrade your windows, select option Upgrade To installa fresh o new copy of windows, select option Customize Installation (Advance) Select any drive where you want to install the windows 10, Follow the screen instructions SECTION A (MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS) Qi: Choose the correct answer from the given options: 1. Operating system is an example of a) Application software b) System software —_¢) Both d) None of these 2 isa set of programs that controls and supervises the operations of the computer. a) Operating system _b) Liveware ©) Program d) None of these 3. Operating system Windows is developed by a) Intel b) Microsoft )1BM d) DELL 4, The process of loading the operating system into memory is called a) Booting b) Bootstrapping ) Both (a) & (b) d) None of these 5. Which of function operating System manages all the hardware and software resources. a) Resources Management b) Bootstrapping ©) User Management d) None 6. It manages all the file related activities such as organization of storage, retrieval, naming, sharing and protection of files. a) Resources Management b) Bootstrapping c) User Management d) None 7. ‘manages creation, deletion, suspension and resumption of processes. a) Process Management: b) Bootstrapping c) User Management d) None 8 GUIstands for . a) Graphical User Interface b) Gentile User Interface ©) Guest User Interface d) None of the above 9. The Graphical User Interface allows you to a) Use graphic and menus and computer operation in an easy way. b) Start Computer ) Use control panel d) None of the above 10. Which of the following user interface is the easiest to learn and use? a) CL b) Menu Driven Interface Gul d) Dos 11. Which one of the following is based on textual input? a) GUI b) Menu Driven interface cu d) Windows 12. DOSisan example of: a) Real time Processing OS b) Multi Processing OS ) Single User OS d) Multi User OS 13. Which OS allows many users to use a computer at the same time? a) Real Time Processing OS b) Single User OS ) Multi Processing OS d) Multi User OS 14. _Inwhich operating system jobs are executed in groups? a) Batch Processing _b) Time Sharing ) Single User d) Real Time 15, The operating system that allows frequent switching from one task to another is: a) Batch Processing b) Real Time Processing ) Single User d) Time Sharing For further Details: 0342-2004125 tel 2, aPage | 26 In which of the following OS, CPU switched rapidly between all the programs to simultaneously execute all of them? a) Batch Processing b) Dos €) Real Time Processing 4d) Time Sharing ‘group of software programs bundled into a single package Is called a) Combination Software b) A Special Package ) A Software Suite 4d) A Software Collection The group of programs that helps office workers to do a number of routine tasks easily and efficiently is called: a) operating system b) e-mail o) anti-virus 4) office automation Antivirus software is designed to detect, prevent and take action against malicious software in your computer, including viruses a) Antivirus b) Virus ©) Both d) None Which one of the following is not an operating system? a) Linux, b) Oracle ) Dos d) Windows penayeenp SECTION B (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS) Write a note on operating system. Write the names of four common operating system. Write the difference between CLI & GUI Write the two advantages of CLI& GUI. Define Interface & Name its types. Write the difference between single and multi-user operating system. Define Batch Processing system. Define time sharing operating system. Write the difference between Hard Real time and Soft Real time operating system. What is Software Installation? Why do we need it? List the programs available in MS Office and write why each program is used, Why it is important to install an antivirus software? What is Software Installation? Why do we need it? SECTION C (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS) aene Explain functions of operating system. Explain Types of operating system. Explain the installation of Office Automation Software. Explain the installation of Windows Operating System, THE For further Details: 0342-2004125 SHAH Neve | CI an Ea