Home Java Programs OOPs String Exception
Constructors in Java
ADVERTISEMENT
In Java, a constructor is a block of codes similar to the method. It is called when an
instance of the class is created. At the time of calling constructor, memory for the
object is allocated in the memory.
It is a special type of method which is used to initialize the object.
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 1 of 22
:
Every time an object is created using the new() keyword, at least one constructor is
called.
It calls a default constructor if there is no constructor available in the class. In such
case, Java compiler provides a default constructor by default.
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
There are two types of constructors in Java: no-arg constructor, and parameterized
constructor.
Note: It is called constructor because it constructs the values at the time of object
creation. It is not necessary to write a constructor for a class. It is because java
compiler creates a default constructor if your class doesn't have any.
ADVERTISEMENT
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 2 of 22
:
Rules for creating Java constructor
There are two rules defined for the constructor.
1. Constructor name must be the same as its class name
2. A Constructor must have no explicit return type
3. A Java constructor cannot be abstract, static, final, and synchronized
Note: We can use access modifiers while declaring a constructor. It controls the
object creation. In other words, we can have private, protected, public or default
constructor in Java.
ADVERTISEMENT
Types of Java constructors
There are two types of constructors in Java:
1. Default constructor (no-arg constructor)
2. Parameterized constructor
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 3 of 22
:
Java Default Constructor
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 4 of 22
:
A constructor is called "Default Constructor" when it doesn't have any parameter.
Syntax of default constructor:
1. <class_name>(){}
Example of default constructor
In this example, we are creating the no-arg constructor in the Bike class. It will be
invoked at the time of object creation.
1. //Java Program to create and call a default constructor
2. class Bike1{
3. //creating a default constructor
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 5 of 22
:
4. Bike1(){System.out.println("Bike is created");}
5. //main method
6. public static void main(String args[]){
7. //calling a default constructor
8. Bike1 b=new Bike1();
9. }
10. }
Test it Now
Output:
Bike is created
Rule: If there is no constructor in a class, compiler automatically creates a default
constructor.
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 6 of 22
:
Q) What is the purpose of a default constructor?
The default constructor is used to provide the default values to the object like 0,
null, etc., depending on the type.
Example of default constructor that displays the default values
1. //Let us see another example of default constructor
2. //which displays the default values
3. class Student3{
4. int id;
5. String name;
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 7 of 22
:
6. //method to display the value of id and name
7. void display(){System.out.println(id+" "+name);}
8.
9. public static void main(String args[]){
10. //creating objects
11. Student3 s1=new Student3();
12. Student3 s2=new Student3();
13. //displaying values of the object
14. s1.display();
15. s2.display();
16. }
17. }
Test it Now
Output:
0 null
0 null
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 8 of 22
:
Explanation:In the above class,you are not creating any constructor so compiler
provides you a default constructor. Here 0 and null values are provided by default
constructor.
Java Parameterized Constructor
A constructor which has a specific number of parameters is called a parameterized
constructor.
Why use the parameterized constructor?
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 9 of 22
:
The parameterized constructor is used to provide different values to distinct
objects. However, you can provide the same values also.
Example of parameterized constructor
In this example, we have created the constructor of Student class that have two
parameters. We can have any number of parameters in the constructor.
1. //Java Program to demonstrate the use of the parameterized constructor.
2. class Student4{
3. int id;
4. String name;
5. //creating a parameterized constructor
6. Student4(int i,String n){
7. id = i;
8. name = n;
9. }
10. //method to display the values
11. void display(){System.out.println(id+" "+name);}
12.
13. public static void main(String args[]){
14. //creating objects and passing values
15. Student4 s1 = new Student4(111,"Karan");
16. Student4 s2 = new Student4(222,"Aryan");
17. //calling method to display the values of object
18. s1.display();
19. s2.display();
20. }
21. }
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 10 of 22
:
Test it Now
Output:
111 Karan
222 Aryan
Constructor Overloading in Java
In Java, a constructor is just like a method but without return type. It can also be
overloaded like Java methods.
Constructor overloading in Java is a technique of having more than one constructor
with different parameter lists. They are arranged in a way that each constructor
performs a different task. They are differentiated by the compiler by the number of
parameters in the list and their types.
Example of Constructor Overloading
1. //Java program to overload constructors
2. class Student5{
3. int id;
4. String name;
5. int age;
6. //creating two arg constructor
7. Student5(int i,String n){
8. id = i;
9. name = n;
10. }
11. //creating three arg constructor
12. Student5(int i,String n,int a){
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 11 of 22
:
13. id = i;
14. name = n;
15. age=a;
16. }
17. void display(){System.out.println(id+" "+name+" "+age);}
18.
19. public static void main(String args[]){
20. Student5 s1 = new Student5(111,"Karan");
21. Student5 s2 = new Student5(222,"Aryan",25);
22. s1.display();
23. s2.display();
24. }
25. }
Test it Now
Output:
111 Karan 0
222 Aryan 25
Difference between constructor and method in Java
There are many differences between constructors and methods. They are given
below.
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 12 of 22
:
Java Constructor Java Method
A constructor is used to initialize the state of A method is used to expose
an object. the behavior of an object.
A constructor must not have a return type. A method must have a return
type.
The constructor is invoked implicitly. The method is invoked
explicitly.
The Java compiler provides a default The method is not provided by
constructor if you don't have any constructor the compiler in any case.
in a class.
The constructor name must be same as the The method name may or may
class name. not be same as the class name.
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 13 of 22
:
Java Copy Constructor
There is no copy constructor in Java. However, we can copy the values from one
object to another like copy constructor in C++.
There are many ways to copy the values of one object into another in Java. They
are:
By constructor
By assigning the values of one object into another
By clone() method of Object class
In this example, we are going to copy the values of one object into another using
Java constructor.
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 14 of 22
:
1. //Java program to initialize the values from one object to another object.
2. class Student6{
3. int id;
4. String name;
5. //constructor to initialize integer and string
6. Student6(int i,String n){
7. id = i;
8. name = n;
9. }
10. //constructor to initialize another object
11. Student6(Student6 s){
12. id = s.id;
13. name =s.name;
14. }
15. void display(){System.out.println(id+" "+name);}
16.
17. public static void main(String args[]){
18. Student6 s1 = new Student6(111,"Karan");
19. Student6 s2 = new Student6(s1);
20. s1.display();
21. s2.display();
22. }
23. }
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 15 of 22
:
Test it Now
Output:
111 Karan
111 Karan
Copying values without constructor
We can copy the values of one object into another by assigning the objects values
to another object. In this case, there is no need to create the constructor.
1. class Student7{
2. int id;
3. String name;
4. Student7(int i,String n){
5. id = i;
6. name = n;
7. }
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 16 of 22
:
8. Student7(){}
9. void display(){System.out.println(id+" "+name);}
10.
11. public static void main(String args[]){
12. Student7 s1 = new Student7(111,"Karan");
13. Student7 s2 = new Student7();
14. s2.id=s1.id;
15. s2.name=s1.name;
16. s1.display();
17. s2.display();
18. }
19. }
Test it Now
Output:
111 Karan
111 Karan
Q) Does constructor return any value?
Yes, it is the current class instance (You cannot use return type yet it returns a
value).
Can constructor perform other tasks instead of initialization?
Yes, like object creation, starting a thread, calling a method, etc. You can perform
any operation in the constructor as you perform in the method.
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 17 of 22
:
Is there Constructor class in Java?
Yes.
What is the purpose of Constructor class?
Java provides a Constructor class which can be used to get the internal information
of a constructor in the class. It is found in the java.lang.reflect package.
← Prev Next →
Youtube For Videos Join Our Youtube Channel: Join Now
Feedback
Help Others, Please Share
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 18 of 22
:
Learn Latest Tutorials
Splunk tutorial SPSS tutorial Swagger tutorial
Splunk SPSS Swagger
T-SQL tutorial Tumblr tutorial React tutorial
Transact-SQL Tumblr ReactJS
Regex tutorial
Regex Reinforcement R Programming
Learning
RxJS tutorial
RxJS React Native Python Design
Patterns
Keras tutorial
Python Pillow Python Turtle Keras
Preparation
Aptitude Verbal Ability
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 19 of 22
:
Aptitude Verbal Ability
Aptitude Reasoning Verbal Ability
Interview Questions Company Questions
Trending Technologies
AWS Tutorial Selenium tutorial
Artificial AWS Selenium
Intelligence
Cloud Computing Hadoop tutorial ReactJS Tutorial
Cloud Computing Hadoop ReactJS
Data Science Angular 7 Blockchain
Git Tutorial DevOps Tutorial
Git Machine Learning DevOps
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 20 of 22
:
B.Tech / MCA
DBMS tutorial DAA tutorial
DBMS Data Structures DAA
Operating System
Operating System Computer Network Compiler Design
Ethical Hacking
Computer Discrete Ethical Hacking
Organization Mathematics
html tutorial
Computer Graphics Software Web Technology
Engineering
Automata Tutorial
Cyber Security Automata C Programming
C++ tutorial Java tutorial
C++ Java .Net
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 21 of 22
:
Python tutorial List of Programs
Python Programs Control System
Data Mining Data Warehouse
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-constructor 18/06/24, 9 58 PM
Page 22 of 22
:
