ATRIA INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated To Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum)
Anandanagar, Bangalore-24
Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering
ESTD: 2000
Control Systems LAB
MANUAL
FOURTH SEMESTER
SUBJECT CODE:
BEC403
2024-2025
Scrutinized by:
Dr. Jagadeesh H S
HOD, ECE
Dept of ECE, Atria.I.T 1
ATRIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated o Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum)Anandanagar,
Bangalore-24
DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Control Systems Lab Manual
Control Systems Lab Manual pertaining to Fourth Semester Electronics and
Communication Engineering has been prepared as per the syllabus prescribed by
Visvesvaraya Technological University. All the experiments given in the Lab Manual are
conducted and verified as per the experiment list.
Lab-In charge
Prof. Poornima B
Prof.Ramya CN
Lab Instructor
Mrs.Divyashree.HS Dr. Jagadeesh H S
Professor & Head, Dept. of ECE
ATRIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution)
Anandanagar, Bengaluru – 560 024
Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi
Accredited by NAAC A++ & NBA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Course: Control Systems
Course Code: BEC403
Semester 4th
COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
This laboratory course enables students to:
Understand basics of control systems and design mathematical models using block
1 diagram reduction, SFG, etc.
2 Understand Time domain and Frequency domain analysis.
3 Analyze the stability of a system from the transfer function
4 Familiarize with the State Space Model of the system.
COURSE OUTCOMES
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1 Deduce transfer function of a given physical system, from differential equation
representation or Block Diagram representation and SFG representation
CO2 Calculate time response specifications and analyze the stability of the system.
CO3 Draw and analyze the effect of gain on system behavior using root loci
CO4 Perform frequency response Analysis and find the stability of the system.
CO5 Represent State model of the system and find the time response of the system.
LAB IN CHARGE HOD, ECE
ATRIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution)
Anandanagar, Bengaluru – 560 024
Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi
Accredited by NAAC A++ & NBA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Course: Control Systems
Course Code: BEC403
Semester 4th
LIST OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
1 Implement Block diagram reduction technique to obtain transfer function a control
2 Implement Signal Flow graph to obtain transfer function a control system.
3 Simulation of poles and zeros of a transfer function.
4 Implement time response specification of a second order Under damped System, for different
damping factors.
5 Implement frequency response of a second order System.
6 Implement frequency response of a lead lag compensator.
7 Analyze the stability of the given system using Routh stability criterion.
8 Analyze the stability of the given system using Root locus.
9 Analyze the stability of the given system using Bode plots.
10 Analyze the stability of the given system using Nyquist plot.
11 Obtain the time response from state model of a system.
12 Implement PI and PD Controllers.
13 Implement a PID Controller and hence realize an Error Detector.
14 Demonstrate the effect of PI, PD and PID controller on the system response.
EXPT 1 :
Implement Block diagram reduction technique to obtain transfer function a control system using MATLAB
AIM :
Determine the transfer function for given closed loop system in block diagram representation.
Theory :
Series configuration: If the two blocks are connected as shown below then the blocks are said
to be in series. It would like multiplying two transfer functions. The MATLAB command for the such
configuration is “series”.
The series command is implemented as shown below
Parallel configuration: If the two blocks are connected as shown below then the blocks are said to
be in parallel. It would like adding two transfer functions
The MATLAB command for implementing a parallel configuration is “parallel” as shown below:
Feedback configuration:
a) When H(s) is non-unity or specified, such a system is said to be a non-unity feedback system as shown below:
The MATLAB command for implementing a feedback system is “feedback” as shown below
Eg 1:
Program
b) For Unity feedback
The MATLAB command for implementing a unity feedback system is “feedback” as shown below
Eg2 :
Program:
c)
Result :
EXP2
Implement Signal Flow graph to obtain transfer function a control system
clc;
close all;
clear all;
% Define the Laplace transform variable s
s = tf('s');
% Define the individual transfer functions
P1 = 1/(s+1);
P2 = 2/(s+2);
L1 = -1/(s+3);
L2 = -1/(s+4);
% Calculate the combined loop transfer functions
L12 = L1 * L2;
% Calculate the determinant Delta
Delta = 1 - (L1 + L2) + L12;
% Calculate Delta1 and Delta2
Delta1 = 1 - (L1 + L2); % Assuming the same form for Delta1 and Delta2
Delta2 = Delta1; % Assuming Delta2 is the same as Delta1
% Calculate the overall transfer function using Mason's Gain Formula
TF = (P1 * Delta1 + P2 * Delta2) / Delta;
% Display the overall transfer function
disp('Overall transfer function of the system using Masons Gain Formula:');
display(TF);
OUTPUT:
Overall transfer function of the system using Masons Gain Formula:
TF =
3 s^9 + 94 s^8 + 1293 s^7 + 10243 s^6 + 51460 s^5 + 169827 s^4 + 367528 s^3 + 501696 s^2
+ 390528 s + 131328
s^10 + 33 s^9 + 484 s^8 + 4150 s^7 + 23005 s^6 + 85993 s^5 + 219006 s^4 + 374080 s^3 +
408384 s^2 + 255744 s + 69120
Continuous-time transfer function.
EXPT 3:
Simulation of poles and zeros of a transfer function.
AIM :
Plot the pole-zero configuration in s-plane for the given transfer function using SIMULINK
Theory :
The transfer function provides a basis for determining important system response characteristics without solving
the complete differential equation. As defined, the transfer function is a rational function in the complex variable
T(S) =
It is often convenient to factor the polynomials in the numerator and denominator, and to write the transfer
function in terms of those factors
T(s)=
K is gain. As written in above Eq. the zi’s and pi’s are the poles and zeros respectively with the equations
BLOCK DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE:
1. Draw the circuit/Block diagram in SIMULINK
2. RUN
3. Go to analysis and observe poles and zeros of given transfer function in pole-zero plot
RESULT :
EXPT 4 :
Determination of Time Response specification of a second order under damped system, for
different damping factors
AIM :
To obtain the time response specification of a second order system for different damping factors
BLOCK DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE:
1. Draw the circuit/Block diagram
2. RUN
3. Check scope output for time response
4. Go to Command window and give command to check the Time Response specification of a second
order system for different damping factors
GRAPH :
RESULT :
Expt5
Implement frequency response of a second order System
clc;
clear all;
close all;
num1 = 1;
den1 = [1 1.414 1];
w = 0:0.01:pi;
h = freqs(num1, den1, w);
mag = abs(h);
phase = angle(h);
figure;
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(w, mag);
xlabel('Frequency');
ylabel('Magnitude');
title('Magnitude Spectrum of H1');
grid on;
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(w, phase);
xlabel('Frequency');
ylabel('Phase');
title('Phase Spectrum of H1');
grid on;
OUTPUT:
EXPT 6 :
Analyze the stability of the given system using Root locus.
ROOT LOCUS :
The open loop transfer function is G(S) = K / S (S+2)(S2+6S+25) .
Sketch the Root locus
BLOCK DIAGRAM :
Procedure:
1. Draw the Block diagram
2. RUN
3. Check scope output
4. Go to Command window and give command for root locus plot.
RESULT :
EXPT 7:
Analyze the stability of the given system using Bode plots.
AIM : 1. To draw Bode plots for the given transfer function & determine GM, PM, gain cross over
frequency & phase cross over frequency. Comment on stability
2. To sketch Root Locus for the given transfer function
1) BODE PLOT
The open loop transfer function is
G(s) H(s) = 80 / s(s+2)(s+3)
BLOCK DIAGRAM :
GRAPH :
Procedure:
1. Draw the Block diagram
2. RUN
3. From display note down the values of GM, PM, gain cross over frequency & phase cross over frequency
4. Take a screenshot of the bode plot , values of GM, PM, gain cross over frequency & phase cross over
frequency
RESULT :
EXPT 8:
Time response from state model of a system.
AIM : obtain the time response from given state model of a system.
State space Model
BLOCK DIAGRAM :
or
Procedure:
1. Draw the Block diagram
2. Click on commonly used blocks for gain,adder ,constant and scope.
3. save and cick on RUN and then double click on scope for the wave form.
3. From display note down the changes for different values of state model.
Result: Time response for the given state model is verified.
EXPT 9 :
Implementation of PI and PD controllers
AIM : To Implement Propotional Intergal and Propotional derivative Controllers.
PI controller:
Theory:
BLOCK DIAGRAM :
Implementation:
Combining actual and PI controller
Procedure:
1. Draw the Block diagram
2. Select the input from source and gain blocks,integrator ,adder and transfer function from
commonly used blocks and give appropriate values of KP and KI
3. save and RUN
3. From display note down the response.
Result:
PD controller
Theory:
BLOCK DIAGRAM :
Implementation
Procedure:
1. Draw the Block diagram
2. Select the input from source and gain blocks,dervative ,adder and transfer function from commonly
used blocks and give appropriate values of Kp and Kd
3. RUN
4. From display note down the response.
Result:
EXPT 10:
Implementation of PID controller.
AIM : To Implement Propotional Intergal and deravative Controller.
Theory:
BLOCK DIAGRAM :
Implementation
Procedure:
1. Draw the Block diagram
2. Select the input from source and gain blocks,dervative ,adder and transfer function from commonly
used blocks and give appropriate values of KP , KI and KD.
3. RUN
4. From display note down the response.
Result:PID controller with error
EXP 11:
Demonstrate the effect of PI, PD and PID controller on the system response.
Response by adding P with transfer function
Response by adding P and PI
Response by adding P, PI, and PD
With all P,PI,PD,PID
