10

Electronics
Quarter IV – Module 2:
Enumerate basic color TV principles
 Learn

Color Television
A color picture is a monochrome picture on a white raster but with colors added for
the main parts of the scene. The required color information is in the 3.58-MHz
chrominance (C) signal broadcast with the monochrome signal in the standard 6-
MHz television broadcast channel.

Practically all colors can be produced as combinations of red, green, and blue. A
typical picture reproduced on the screen of a tricolor picture tube.

Red, Green, and Blue Video Signals

The color television system begins and ends with red, green, and blue color video
signals corresponding to the color information in the scene. At the transmitter,
light of different colors is converted to different video signal voltages. The picture
tube in the receiver converts the color video voltages to their respective colors.
A color camera has different camera tubes for red, green, and blue. The screen of
the color picture tube has red, green, and blue phosphors to reproduce these colors
from the corresponding video signals.

Color voltages

When the image is scanned in the color camera, separate camera tubes are used
for each color.

Figure 1. TELEVISING A SCENE TO OBTAIN R. G. AND B VIDEO SIGNALS FOR RED. BLUE, AND
GREEN COLORS IN THE SCENE.

The red, green, and blue in the scene are separated for the camera tubes by optical
color filters. As a result, the output from camera tube 1 is red (R) video signal with

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information for only the red parts of the scene. Similarly, tubes 2 and 3 produce
green (G) video signal and blue (B) video signal.

Figure 2. (a) PHOTO OF THREE-GUN TRICOLOR PICTURE TUBE, TYPE NUMBER 25AB22. SCREEN DIAGONAL IS
25 IN.; COLOR PHOSPHOR NUMBER IS P22. (b) INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION WITH THREE ELECTRON GUNS,
SHADO W MASK. AND DOT TRIOS OF RED, GREEN, AND BLUE PHOSPORS.

The picture tube has three electron guns for the red, green, and blue phosphor dots
on the screen. Each gun has the usual function of producing a beam of electrons,
but the beam excites only one color. The reason is that the shadow mask has tiny
holes aligned with the dot trios. When the beams converge at the proper angles, the
electrons pass through the mask and excite the color dots.
The red gun produces a red raster and picture on the screen; the green gun and
blue gun do the same for their colors. With all three guns operating, the screen
reproduces red, green, and blue and their color mixtures. In fact, the white raster is
a combination of red, green, and blue. Color dots are shown here, but the screen
can have vertical stripes of red, green, and blue phosphors.

Encoding and Decoding

For a closed-circuit television, the red, green, and blue video signals would be the
only information needed to reproduce the picture. In broadcasting, however, these
color signals are not compatible with the monochrome television system for black-
and-white receivers. Therefore, the color video signals are encoded by combining
them in specific proportions, to provide the same video information in a different
form.

The result of the encoding is the formation of two separate signals: the C
chrominance or chroma signal for color and the Y luminance or brightness signal
for black-and-white information.

At the receiver, the color picture tube still needs R, G, and B video signals,
corresponding to the color phosphors on the screen. However, the C signal is
decoded by demodulation.

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 I. NORMAL COLOR PICTURE II. COLOR FRINGING CAUSED BY
POOR CONVERGENCE.

III. INCORRECT ADJUSTMENT OF PURITY MAGNET IV. GOOD PURITY

V. COLOR SNOW VI. NO COLOR SYNC (RCA)

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 VII. ADDITION OF COLORS

VIII. RELATIVE BRIGHTNESS RESPONSE OF THE EYE. (a) HUES OF DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS.
(b) LUMINANCE OF SIGNALVOLTAGE RESPONSE.

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IX. COLOR CIRCLE DIAGRAM. SHOWING DIFFERENT HUES FOR PHASE ANGLES OF
CHROMINANCE SIGNAL.

X. AMPLITUDE VALUES OF CHROMINANCE AND LUMINANCE SIGNALS FOR COLOR BARS (RCA)

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 XI. COLOR BAR PATTERN CORRESPONDING TO HUE PHASE ANGLES IN PLATE XII

XII. PHASE ANGLES FOR COLOR BAR PATTERN IN PLATE XI.

THESE ANGLES ARE CLOCKWISE FROM BURST PHASE

XIII. 920-kHz BEAT IN PICTURE.

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XIV. SILVERY EFFECT IN HIGHLIGHTS OF PICTURE BECAUSE OF LO W EMISSION. ILLUSTRATED
FOR RED GUN ALONE. (RCA)

XV. COLOR HUM BARS. (RCA)

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Color video amplitudes.

FIGURE 3. R, G. AND 13 VIDEO SIGNALS FOR RED, GREEN. AND BLUE

COLOR BARS H INDICATES ONE HORIZONTAL SCANNING LINE FOR
WIDTH OF PICTURE

The separate R, G, and B video signals are shown (Figure 3) for a horizontal line
scanned across the image with vertical red, green, and blue bars. The bars just
represent picture information of their color. The R signal voltage has its full
amplitude while the red bar is scanned. However, there is no R video signal for the
green or blue information. Similarly, the G video voltage is produced only when
green picture information is scanned, and the B video voltage indicates blue
information

FIGURE 4. DECREASING AMPLITUDES OF R VIDEO SIGNAL FOR

RED. PINK, AND PALE PINK BARS. INDICATING WEAKER COLORS.

Here in Figure 4, the red, pink, and pale pink bars have decreasing values of color
intensity. Therefore, the corresponding video voltages have decreasing amplitudes.
We can say, then, that R, G, or B video voltage indicates information of that color,
while the relative amplitude depends on the color intensity.

FIGURE 5. INCREASING FREQUENCIES OF R VIDEO SIGNAL FOR

NARRO WER RED BARS, INDICATING SMALLER DETAILS OF
COLOR INFORMATION.

Figure 5, All the color bars are red, but the bars just became narrower. This case is
just a question of less scanning time across smaller details of picture information.

The result is higher video frequencies. For either chrominance or luminance

information, the high-frequency components of the video signal determine the
amount of horizontal detail that can be reproduced in the picture.

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 Apply

TRUE or FALSE: Write T is the sentence corresponds to correct statement and F if

otherwise.

_____1. When the mage is scanned in the color camera, separate camera tubes are
used for each color.
_____2. The red, pink, and pale pink bars have decreasing values of color intensity.
As a result the corresponding video voltages have increasing amplitudes.

_____3. Practically all colors can be produced as combinations of red, green, and
blue.

_____4. Separate camera tubes are utilized for each color when the image is
scanned in the color camera.
_____5. The color video signals are encoded by separating colors in specific
proportions, to provide the same video information in a different form.

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