Marking Scheme

Class XII
Mathematics (Code – 041)
Section : A (Multiple Choice Questions- 1 Mark each)
Question Answer Hints/Solution
No
1. (c) In a skew-symmetric matrix, the (i, j)th element is negative of
the (j, i)th element. Hence, the (i, i)th element = 0
2. (a) |𝐴𝐴 | = |𝐴||𝐴′| = (−3)(−3) = 9
3. (b) The area of the parallelogram with adjacent sides AB and AC =
𝐴𝐵⃗ × 𝐴𝐶⃗ . Hence, the area of the triangle with vertices A, B, C
= 𝐴𝐵⃗ × 𝐴𝐶⃗
4. (c) The function f is continuous at x = 0 if 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0)
We have f(0) = k and
𝑙𝑖𝑚 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → =𝑙𝑖𝑚 →

=𝑙𝑖𝑚 → =1
Hence, k =1
5. (b) 𝑥 1
+ log |𝑥| + 𝐶 ∵ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+ 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥
6. (c)
The given differential equation is 4 = 0. Here, m = 2
and n = 1
Hence, m + n= 3
7. (b) The strict inequality represents an open half plane and it
contains the origin as (0, 0) satisfies it.
8. (a) Scalar Projection of 3𝚤̂ − 𝚥̂ − 2𝑘 𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝚤̂ + 2𝚥̂ − 3𝑘
̂ ̂ . ̂ ̂
= ̂ ̂
=
√
9. (c) ∫ = [𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 + 1)] = (𝑙𝑜𝑔10 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔5) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔2
10. (c) (𝐴𝐵 ) = (𝐵 ) 𝐴 = 𝐵𝐴
11. (d) The minimum value of the objective function occurs at two
adjacent corner points (0.6, 1.6) and (3, 0) and there is no point
in the half plane 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 < 12 in common with the feasible
region. So, the minimum value occurs at every point of the line-
segment joining the two points.
12. (d) 2 − 20 = 2𝑥 − 24 ⟹ 2𝑥 = 6 ⟹ 𝑥 = 3 ⟹ 𝑥 = ±√3
13. (b) |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| = |𝐴| ⟹ |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| = 25
14. (c) P 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝑃 𝐴′) × 𝑃(𝐵′) (As A and B are independent,
( ) (
𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵′ are also independent.)
= 0.7 × 0.4 = 0.28
15. (c) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0 ⟹ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0 ⟹ =
𝑦 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
⟹ = + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐾, 𝐾 > 0 ⟹ log|𝑦| = log|𝑥| + log 𝐾
𝑦 𝑥
⟹ log|𝑦| = log |𝑥|𝐾 ⟹ |𝑦| = |𝑥|𝐾 ⟹ y=±𝐾𝑥 ⟹ 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑥

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16. (a) y = sin-1x
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦
= ⟹ 1−𝑥 . =1
𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Again , differentiating both sides w. r. to x, we get
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 −2𝑥
1−𝑥 + . =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2√1 − 𝑥
Simplifying, we get (1 − 𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦
17. (b) 𝑎⃗ − 2𝑏⃗ = 𝑎⃗ − 2𝑏⃗ . 𝑎⃗ − 2𝑏⃗
𝑎⃗ − 2𝑏⃗ = 𝑎⃗. 𝑎⃗ − 4𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗ + 4𝑏⃗ . 𝑏⃗
= |𝑎⃗| − 4𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗+ 4 𝑏⃗
= 4 − 16 + 36 = 24
𝑎⃗ − 2𝑏⃗ = 24 ⟹ 𝑎⃗ − 2𝑏⃗ = 2√6
18. (b) The line through the points (0, 5, -2) and (3, -1, 2) is
= =
𝑥 𝑦−5 𝑧+2
𝑜𝑟, = =
3 −6 4
Any point on the line is (3𝑘, −6𝑘 + 5,4𝑘 − 2), where k is an
arbitrary scalar.
3𝑘 = 6 ⟹ 𝑘 = 2
The z-coordinate of the point P will be 4 × 2 − 2 = 6
19. (c) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 is defined if 𝑥 ≤ −1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 1. Hence, 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑥 will be
defined if 𝑥 ≤ − or 𝑥 ≥ .
Hence, A is true.
The range of the function 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 is [0, 𝜋] − { }
R is false.
20. (a) The equation of the x-axis may be written as 𝑟⃗ = 𝑡𝚤̂. Hence, the
acute angle 𝜃 between the given line and the x-axis is given by
|1 × 1 + (−1) × 0 + 0 × 0| 1 𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = = ⟹𝜃=
1 + (−1) + 0 × √1 + 0 + 0 √2 4

SECTION B (VSA questions of 2 marks each)

21. 13𝜋 𝜋 .1
𝑠𝑖𝑛 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 ] = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜋 − ]
7 7
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 − ] = − 1
OR
Let 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁(codomain). Then ∃ 2𝑦 ∈ 𝑁(domain) such that
𝑓(2𝑦) = = 𝑦. Hence, f is surjective. 1
1, 2 ∈ 𝑁(domain) such that 𝑓(1) = 1 = 𝑓(2)
Hence, f is not injective. 1
22. Let AB represent the height of the street light from the ground. At
any time t seconds, let the man represented as ED of height 1.6 m
be at a distance of x m from AB and the length of his shadow EC
be y m.
Using similarity of triangles, we have = ⇒ 3𝑦 = 2𝑥 ½
.

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 Differentiating both sides w.r.to t, we get 3 = 2
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
= × 0.3 ⇒ = 0.2 ½
𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡
At any time t seconds, the tip of his shadow is at a distance of
(𝑥 + 𝑦) m from AB.
The rate at which the tip of his shadow moving
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= + 𝑚/𝑠 = 0.5 𝑚/𝑠 ½
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
The rate at which his shadow is lengthening
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑚/𝑠 = 0.2 𝑚/𝑠 1/2
𝑑𝑡
23. 𝑎⃗ = 𝚤̂ − 𝚥̂ + 7𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗ = 5𝚤̂ − 𝚥̂ + 𝜆𝑘
Hence 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ = 6 𝚤̂ − 2𝚥̂ + (7 + 𝜆)𝑘 and 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗ = −4𝚤̂ + (7 − 𝜆)𝑘
𝑘 ½
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
𝑎⃗ + 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏 will be orthogonal if, 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏 . 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏 = 0 ½
i.e., if, −24 + (49 − 𝜆 ) = 0 ⟹ 𝜆 = 25
i.e., if, 𝜆 = ±5 1

OR
The equations of the line are 6𝑥 − 12 = 3𝑦 + 9 = 2𝑧 − 2, which,
when written in standard symmetric form, will be
( )
= = ½

Since, lines are parallel, we have = =

Hence, the required direction ratios are , , or (1,2,3)) ½
and the required direction cosines are , , 1
√ √ √

24. 𝑦 1−𝑥 +𝑥 1−𝑦 = 1

Let 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝐴 and 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦 = 𝐵.. Then x = sinA and y = sinB ½
𝑦 1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 1 − 𝑦 = 1 ⟹ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = 1

𝜋
⟹ sin(𝐴 + 𝐵 ) = 1 ⟹ 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 1 =
2
𝜋
⟹ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦 = ½
2
Differentiating w.r.to x, we obtain = − 1
25. Since 𝒂⃗ is a unit ve
vector, ∴ |𝑎⃗| = 1 ½
 (𝑥⃗ − 𝑎⃗). (𝑥⃗ + 𝑎⃗) = 12.

⟹ 𝑥⃗. 𝑥⃗ + 𝑥⃗. 𝑎⃗ − 𝑎⃗. 𝑥⃗ − 𝑎⃗. 𝑎⃗ = 12 ½

⟹ |𝑥⃗| − |𝑎⃗| = 12. ½

⟹ |𝑥⃗| − 1 = 12
⟹ |𝑥⃗| = 13 ⟹ |𝑥⃗| = √13 1/2
SECTION C
(Short Answer Questions of 3 Marks each)

26. 𝑑𝑥
√3 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥
2
=∫ =∫
( ) ( )

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 +𝐶 [∫ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 +𝐶] 1

√

27. P(not obtaining an odd person in a single round) = P(All three of

them throw tails or All three of them throw heads)
= × × ×2= 1+1/2
P(obtaining an odd person in a single round)
= 1 − P(not obtaining an odd person in a single round) = ½
The required probability
= P(‘In first round there is no odd person’ and ‘In second round
there is no odd person’ and ‘In third round there is an odd person’)
= × × = 1
OR
Let X denote the Random Variable defined by the number of
defective items.

P(X=0) = × =

P(X=1) = 2 × × =

2
P(X=2) = × =
𝑥 0 1 2
𝑝 2 8 1
5 15 15
𝑝𝑥 0 8 2 1/2
15 15

Mean = ∑ 𝑝 𝑥 = = 1/2
28. Let I = ∫ =∫
√
𝑑𝑥 ..(i)
√ √ √

Page 4
 𝒃 𝒃
Using ∫𝒂 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝒂 𝒇(𝒂 + 𝒃 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙

I=∫ 𝑑𝑥

√
I=∫ dx ..(ii). 1
√ √
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
√ √
2I = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ dx
√ √ √ √

1
2I = ∫ 𝑑𝑥

= [𝑥] = − =

Hence, I = ∫ = 1
√
OR
|𝑥 − 1| 𝑑𝑥 = (1 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 1

= 𝑥−
1
+ −𝑥
4 1
0 1
= (1 − ) + (8 − 4) − ( − 1)
=5 1
29. 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 − 𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝒅𝒙
Reducing the given differential equation to the form + 𝑷𝒙 = 𝑸
𝒅𝒚
we get, + =𝑦 ½
∫
I.F = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒 =𝑒 =𝑦 1
The general solution is given by
𝑥. 𝐼𝐹 = 𝑄. 𝐼𝐹𝑑𝑦 ⟹ 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1

⟹ 𝑥𝑦 = + 𝐶 , which is the required general solution ½

OR
𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
It is a Homogeneous Equation as
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
= = 1+( ) + = 𝑓 .
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 ½
Put 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥

= 𝑣+𝑥

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 𝑑𝑣 ½
𝑣+𝑥 = 1+𝑣 +𝑣
𝑑𝑥
Separating variables, we get
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥 ½
=
√1 + 𝑣 𝑥
Integrating, we get 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑣 + √1 + 𝑣 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥| + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐾, 𝐾 > 0
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝐾
⇒ 𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 = ±𝐾𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑥 , which is the required general solution
1+1/2
30. We have Z= 400x +300y subject to
x + y ≤ 200,𝑥 ≤ 40, 𝑥 ≥ 20, 𝑦 ≥ 0
The corner points of the feasible region are C(20,0), D(40,0),
B(40,160), A(20,180)

Corner Point Z = 400x + 300y

C(20,0) 8000
D(40,0) 16000
B(40,160) 64000
A(20,180) 62000 1

Maximum profit occurs at x= 40, y=160

and the maximum profit =₹ 64,000 1
31. 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥 1
∫ ( ) ( )( )
Now resolving into partial fractions as
( )( )

2𝑥 + 1 𝐴 𝐵
= +
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥−1 𝑥+1

We get = + 1
( )( ) ( ) ( )

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 Hence, ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥
( )( )

=∫ 𝑥+ + 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( )

= + log|𝑥 − 1| + log|𝑥 + 1| + 𝐶
𝑥 1
= + (log|(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 1)| + 𝐶 1
2 2

SECTION D
(Long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each)

32.

(Correct
Fig: 1
Mark)

The points of intersection of the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 and the line

½
𝑦 = 𝑥 are (0, 0) and (1, 1).
Required Area = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Required Area = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
1 2
= + = + = 1+1/2
0 1

33. Let (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑁 × 𝑁. Then we have

ab = ba (by commutative property of multiplication of natural
numbers)
⟹ (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅 (𝑎, 𝑏)
Hence, R is reflexive. 1
Let (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑) ∈ 𝑁 × 𝑁 such that (a, b) R (c, d). Then
ad = bc
⟹ 𝑐𝑏 = 𝑑𝑎 (by commutative property of multiplication of
natural numbers
⟹ (𝑐, 𝑑)𝑅(𝑎, 𝑏)
Hence, R is symmetric. 1+1/2
Let (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑), (𝑒, 𝑓) ∈ 𝑁 × 𝑁 such that

Page 7
 (a, b) R (c, d) and (c, d) R (e, f).
Then ad = bc, cf = de
⟹ 𝑎𝑑𝑐𝑓 = 𝑏𝑐𝑑𝑒
⟹ 𝑎𝑓 = 𝑏𝑒
⟹ (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑒, 𝑓)
Hence, R is transitive. 2
Since, R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive, R is an
equivalence relation on 𝑁 × 𝑁. ½
OR
Let 𝐴 ∈ 𝑃 𝑋 . Then 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐴
( )
⟹ (𝐴, 𝐴) ∈ 𝑅
Hence, R is reflexive. 1
Let 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 ∈ 𝑃(𝑋) such that
(𝐴, 𝐵), (𝐵, 𝐶) ∈ 𝑅
⟹ 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵, 𝐵 ⊂ 𝐶
⟹𝐴⊂𝐶
⟹ (𝐴, 𝐶) ∈ 𝑅
Hence, R is transitive. 2
∅, 𝑋 ∈ 𝑃(𝑋) such that ∅ ⊂ 𝑋. Hence, (∅, 𝑋) ∈ 𝑅. But, 𝑋 ⊄ ∅,
which implies that (𝑋, ∅) ∉ 𝑅.
Thus, R is not symmetric. 2

34. The given lines are non-parallel lines. There is a unique line-
segment PQ (P lying on one and Q on the other, which is at right
angles to both the lines. PQ is the shortest distance between the
lines. Hence, the shortest possible distance between the insects =
PQ
The position vector of P lying on the line
𝑟⃗ = 6𝚤̂ + 2𝚥̂ + 2𝑘 + 𝜆 𝚤̂ − 2𝚥̂ + 2𝑘
is (6 + 𝜆)𝚤̂ + (2 − 2𝜆)𝚥̂ + (2 + 2𝜆)𝑘 for some 𝜆 ½
The position vector of Q lying on the line
𝑟⃗ = −4𝚤̂ − 𝑘 + 𝜇 3𝚤̂ − 2𝚥̂ − 2𝑘
½
is (−4 + 3𝜇)𝚤̂ + (−2𝜇)𝚥̂ + (−1 − 2𝜇)𝑘 for some 𝜇
𝑃𝑄⃗ = (−10 + 3𝜇 − 𝜆)𝚤̂ + (−2𝜇 − 2 + 2𝜆)𝚥̂ + (−3 − 2𝜇 − 2𝜆)𝑘 ½
Since, PQ is perpendicular to both the lines
(−10 + 3𝜇 − 𝜆) + (−2𝜇 − 2 + 2𝜆)(−2) + (−3 − 2𝜇 − 2𝜆)2
= 0, ½
𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝜇 − 3𝜆 = 4 …(i)
and (−10 + 3𝜇 − 𝜆)3 + (−2𝜇 − 2 + 2𝜆)(−2) + (−3 − 2𝜇 −
2𝜆)(−2) = 0, ½
𝑖. 𝑒. ,17𝜇 − 3𝜆 = 20 …(ii)
solving (i) and (ii) for 𝜆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇, we get 𝜇 = 1, 𝜆 = −1. 1
The position vector of the points, at which they should be so that
the distance between them is the shortest, are
5𝚤̂ + 4𝚥̂ and −𝚤̂ − 2𝚥̂ − 3𝑘 ½
𝑃𝑄⃗ = −6𝚤̂ − 6𝚥̂ − 3𝑘
The shortest distance = 𝑃𝑄⃗ = √6 + 6 + 3 = 9 1
OR

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 Eliminating t between the equations, we obtain the equation of the
path = = , which are the equations of the line passing
through the origin having direction ratios <2, -4, 4>. This line is
the path of the rocket. 1
When t = 10 seconds, the rocket will be at the point (20, -40, 40).
Hence, the required distance from the origin at 10 seconds = ½
20 + 40 + 40 𝑘𝑚 = 20 × 3 𝑘𝑚 = 60 𝑘𝑚 1
The distance of the point (20, -40, 40) from the given line
( ⃗ ⃗)× ⃗ ̂ ×( ̂ ̂ ) ̂
= = 𝑘𝑚 = 𝑘𝑚 2
⃗ ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂
√
= 𝑘𝑚 = 10√3 𝑘𝑚 1/2
√
35. 2 −3 5
A = 3 2 −4
1 1 −2
½
|A| = 2(0) + 3(−2) + 5(1) = −1
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
𝐴 =
|𝐴|
0 −1 2 0 −1 2
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = 2 −9 23 , 𝐴 = 2 −9 23 3
( )
1 −5 13 1 −5 13
𝑥 0 −1 2 11
X=𝐴 𝐵⟹ 𝑦 = 2 −9 23 −5
( )
𝑧 1 −5 13 −3
0+5−6
= 22 + 45 − 69
( )
11 + 25 − 39
𝑥 1 −1
⟹ 𝑦 = −2 ⟹ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2 , 𝑧 = 3. 1+1/2
𝑧 (−1)
−3

SECTION E(Case Studies/Passage based questions of 4 Marks each)

36. (i) f(𝑥 ) = −0.1𝑥 + 𝑚𝑥 + 98.6, being a polynomial function, is differentiable
everywhere, hence, differentiable in (0, 12) 1
(ii)𝑓 (𝑥 ) = − 0.2𝑥 + 𝑚
Since, 6 is the critical point,
𝑓 (6) = 0 ⟹ 𝑚 = 1.2 1

(iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = −0.1𝑥 + 1.2𝑥 + 98.6

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = − 0.2𝑥 + 1.2 = −0.2(𝑥 − 6)

In the Interval 𝒇 (𝒙) Conclusion

(0, 6) +ve f is strictly increasing
in [0, 6]
(6, 12) -ve f is strictly decreasing 1+1
in [6, 12]

Page 9
 OR
(iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = −0.1𝑥 + 1.2𝑥 + 98.6,
𝑓 (𝑥) = − 0.2𝑥 + 1.2, 𝑓 (6) = 0,
𝑓 ′(𝑥) = − 0.2
𝑓 (6) = − 0.2 < 0
Hence, by second derivative test 6 is a point of local maximum. The local
maximum value = 𝑓(6) = − 0.1 × 6 + 1.2 × 6 + 98.6 = 102.2 1
We have 𝑓(0) = 98.6, 𝑓(6) = 102.2, 𝑓(12) = 98.6
6 is the point of absolute maximum and the absolute maximum value of the
function = 102.2. 1/2
0 and 12 both are the points of absolute minimum and the absolute minimum value
of the function = 98.6. 1/2
37. (i)

Let (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥, √𝑎 − 𝑥 be the upper right vertex of the rectangle.

The area function 𝐴 = 2𝑥 × 2 √𝑎 − 𝑥
= 𝑥√𝑎 − 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ (0, 𝑎). 1
(ii) = 𝑥× + √𝑎 − 𝑥
√

4𝑏 𝑎 − 2𝑥 4𝑏 2 𝑥 + √ (𝑥 − √ )
= × =− × ½
𝑎 √𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑎 √𝑎 − 𝑥
=0⇒𝑥= .
√
𝑥= is the critical point. 1/2
√
(iii)For the values of x less than and close to , >0
√ √
1
and for the values of x greater than and close to , < 0.
√ √
Hence, by the first derivative test, there is a local maximum at the critical point
𝑥 = . Since there is only one critical point, therefore, the area of the soccer field
√
is maximum at this critical point 𝑥 = 1/2
√
Thus, for maximum area of the soccer field, its length should be 𝑎√2 and its width
should be 𝑏√2. ½
OR

Page
10
 (iii) 𝐴 = 2𝑥 × 2 √𝑎 − 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ (0, 𝑎).
Squaring both sides, we get
𝑍=𝐴 = 𝑥 (𝑎 − 𝑥 ) = (𝑥 𝑎 − 𝑥 ), 𝑥 ∈ (0, 𝑎).
A is maximum when Z is maximum.
𝑑𝑍 16𝑏 32𝑏
= (2𝑥𝑎 − 4𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝑎 + √2𝑥 (𝑎 − √2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑎 𝑎
=0⇒𝑥= .
√
𝑑 𝑍 32𝑏
= (𝑎 − 6𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑎
𝑑 𝑍 32𝑏
( ) = (𝑎 − 3𝑎 ) = −64𝑏 < 0
𝑑𝑥 √ 𝑎 1
Hence, by the second derivative test, there is a local maximum value of Z at the
critical point 𝑥 = . Since there is only one critical point, therefore, Z is
√
1/2
maximum at 𝑥 = , hence, A is maximum at 𝑥 = .
√ √
Thus, for maximum area of the soccer field, its length should be 𝑎√2 and its width
should be 𝑏√2. 1/2
38. (i)Let P be the event that the shell fired from A hits the plane and Q be the event
that the shell fired from B hits the plane. The following four hypotheses are
possible before the trial, with the guns operating independently:
𝐸 = 𝑃𝑄,𝐸 = 𝑃 𝑄,𝐸 = 𝑃 𝑄,𝐸 = 𝑃𝑄
Let E = The shell fired from exactly one of them hits the plane.
𝑃(𝐸 ) = 0.3 × 0.2 = 0.06, 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 0.7 × 0.8 = 0.56, 𝑃(𝐸 ) = 0.7 × 0.2
= 0.14, 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 0.3 × 0.8 = 0.24
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝑃 = 0, 𝑃 = 0, 𝑃 = 1, 𝑃 =1 1
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑃(𝐸 ). 𝑃 + 𝑃(𝐸 ). 𝑃 + 𝑃(𝐸 ). 𝑃 + 𝑃(𝐸 ). 𝑃
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
= 0.14 + 0.24 = 0.38 1
( ).
(ii)By Bayes’ Theorem, P =
( ). ( ). ( ). ( ).

0.14 7 2
= =
0.38 19

NOTE: The four hypotheses form the partition of the sample space and it can be
seen that the sum of their probabilities is 1. The hypotheses 𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸 are actually
eliminated as 𝑃 =𝑃 =0
Alternative way of writing the solution:
(i)P(Shell fired from exactly one of them hits the plane)
= P[(Shell from A hits the plane and Shell from B does not hit the plane) or (Shell
1
from A does not hit the plane and Shell from B hits the plane)]
= 0.3 × 0.8 + 0.7 × 0.2 = 0.38
1
(ii)P(Shell fired from B hit the plane/Exactly one of them hit the plane)
P(Shell ired from B hit the plane ∩ Exactly one of them hit the plane)
=
P(Exactly one of them hit the plane)

Page
11
=
( ) 1
( )
0.14 7 1
= =
0.38 19

Page
12
 SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER
MARKING SCHEME
CLASS XII
MATHEMATICS (CODE-041)
SECTION: A (Solution of MCQs of 1 Mark each)
Q no. ANS HINTS/SOLUTION

1 (d)  0 1  2  1 0
A   , A   0 1 .
1 0  
2 (d)
 A  B
1
 B1  A1 .
3 (b) 3 0 1
1
Area  3 0 1 , given that the area  9 sq unit .
2
0 k 1

3 0 1
1
  9  3 0 1 ; expanding along C 2 , we get  k  3.
2
0 k 1

4 (a) Since, f is continuous at x  0 ,

therefore, L. H . L  R. H . L  f  0   a finite quantity .

lim f  x   lim f  x   f  0
x0 x0

 kx
 lim  lim 3  3  k  3.
x 0 x x 0

5 (d) Vectors 2i  3 j  6k &6i  9 j  18k are parallel and the fixed point i  j  k on the

 
line r  i  j  k   2i  3 j  6k does not satisfy the other line

 
r  2i  j  k   6i  9 j  18k ; where  &  are scalars.

6 (c)   dy  2   d 2 y 
3 2

The degree of the differential equation 1       2  is 2

  dx    dx 

7 (b) Z  px  qy     i 

At  3,0  , Z  3 p     ii  and at  1,1 , Z  p  q      iii 

From  ii  &  iii  , 3 p  p  q  2 p  q .

Page 1 of 19
  
8 (a) Given, ABCD is a rhombus whose diagonals bisect each other. EA  EC and
 
EB  ED but since they are opposite to each other so they are of opposite signs
   
 EA   EC and EB   ED .

     

 EA  EC  O .....  i  and EB  ED  O ....  ii 
    
Adding (i) and (ii), we get EA  EB  EC  ED  O .

9 (b) f  x   e cos x sin 3  2n  1 x

2

f   x  e sin3  2n  1  x 
cos2   x 

2
f (  x )   e cos x sin 3 (2n  1) x
 f ( x )   f ( x )

So,  ecos x sin3 (2n  1) x dx  0
2



10 (b) Matrix A is a skew symmetric matrix of odd order.  A  0.

11 (c) We observe,  0,0  does not satisfy the inequality x  y  1

So, the half plane represented by the above inequality will not contain origin
therefore, it will not contain the shaded feasible region.
12 (b) 
   a .b   18
Vector component of a along b   2 b 

 b 
 25
3 j  4k .  
 
13 (d) adj  2 A    2 A  23 A    26 A  26   2   28 .
2 2 2 2

14 (d) Method 1:
1 1
Let A, B , C be the respective events of solving the problem. Then, P  A  , P  B  
2 3
1
and P  C   . Here, A, B , C are independent events.
4
Problem is solved if at least one of them solves the problem.
Required probability is  P  A  B  C   1  P A P B P C      
Page 2 of 19
  1  1  1 1 3
 1   1    1   1    1   .
 2  3  4 4 4
Method 2:
The problem will be solved if one or more of them can solve the problem. The probability is
        
P ABC  P ABC  P ABC  P ABC  P ABC  P ABC  P  ABC    
1 2 3 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
 . .  . .  . .  . .  . .  . .  . .  .
2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 4
Method 3:
Let us think quantitively. Let us assume that there are 100 questions given to A. A
1
solves  100  50 questions then remaining 50 questions is given to B and B solves
2
1 2
50   16.67 questions . Remaining 50  questions is given to C and C solves
3 3
2 1
50    8.33 questions.
3 4
Therefore, number of questions solved is 50  16.67  8.33  75 .
75 3
So, required probability is  .
100 4
15 (c) Method 1:
ydx  xdy  x 1
ydx  xdy  0  2
 0  d    0  x  y  y  cx.
y  y c
Method 2:
dy dx dy dx
ydx  xdy  0  ydx  xdy 
y

x
; on integrating  y
  x
log e y  log e x  log e c
since x , y , c  0 , we write log e y  log e x  log e c  y  cx .
16 (d) Dot product of two mutually perpendicular vectors is zero.
 2  3   1   2  1  0    8.
17 (c) Method 1:
2 x, x  0
f  x  x  x  
 0 ,x  0

There is a sharp corner at x  0 , so f  x  is not differentiable at x  0 .

Method 2:
Page 3 of 19
 Lf '  0   0 & Rf '  0   2 ; so, the function is not differentiable at x  0

For x  0, f  x   2 x (linear function) & when x  0, f  x   0 (constant function)

Hence f  x  is differentiable when x    ,0    0,   .

18 (d)  1  1  1
2 2
1
2 2

We know, l  m  n  1           1  3    1  c   3 .
2 2 2

c c c c

19 (a) d
dx
 f  x     x  1  x  3 
3 2

Assertion : f  x  has a minimum at x  1 is true as

d d
dx
 f  x    0,  x   1  h,1 and
dx
 f  x    0,  x  1,1  h ; where,
' h ' is an infinitesimally small positive quantity , which is in accordance with
the Reason statement.
20 (d) Assertion is false. As element 4 has no image under f , so relation f is not a function.
Reason is true. The given function f : 1, 2, 3   x , y , z , p is one – one, as for each

a  1, 2,3 , there is different image in  x , y, z , p under f .

Section –B
[This section comprises of solution of very short answer type questions (VSA) of 2 marks each]

21   33    3   3    3  1
sin1  cos     sin cos  6 
1 1 1
  sin cos    sin sin   
  5   5   5  2 5 
 3 
   . 1
2 5 10
21 OR  
1  x 2  4  1  3  x 2  5  3  x  5 1

 x    5,  3    3, 5  . So, required domain is   5,  3    3, 5  . 1

22 f  x   x e x  f '  x   e x  x  1 1

1
When x   1,   ,  x  1  0 & e x  0  f '  x   0  f  x  increases in this interval.

or, we can write f  x   x e x  f '  x   e x  x  1 1

2
For f  x  to be increasing, we have f '  x   e x  x  1  0  x  1 as e x  0,  x   1

Hence, the required interval where f  x  increases is  1,   . 1

2
23 1
Method 1 : f  x  
4x  2x  1 ,
2

Page 4 of 19
  2 1 1 3  1 3 3
2
1
Let g  x   4 x  2 x  1  4  x  2 x     4  x     1
2

4 16  4 4 4 4 2
 
1
4
maximum value of f  x   . 2
3
1
Method 2 : f  x   , let g  x   4 x 2  2 x  1
4x  2x  1
2

d 1 d2

dx
 g  x    g '  x   8 x  2 and g '  x   0 at x   also 2  g  x    g"  x   8  0
4 dx
1

1 1 1
 g  x  is minimum when x   so , f  x  is maximum at x  
4 4 2
 1 1 4
maximum value of f  x   f     2
 . 1
 4  1  1 3
4     2    1 2
 4  4
1
Method 3 : f  x  
4x  2x  1
2

  8 x  2 1
On differentiating w.r.t x ,we get f '  x   ....  i 
4 x  2
2
2
 2x  1
1 1
For maxima or minima , we put f '  x   0  8 x  2  0  x   .
4 2
Again, differentiating equation (i) w.r.t. x ,we get


 4 x2  2 x  1   8   8 x  2 2   4 x 
 2 x  1  8 x  2  
2
2

f " x      1
 4 x  2 x  1
4
 2
 2
1  1
At x   , f "     0
4  4
1
f  x  is maximum at x   .
4
1
 maximum value of f  x  is f    
1 1 4
2
 . 2
 4  1  1 3
4    2    1
 4  4
1
Method 4: f  x  
4x  2x  1
2

  8 x  2 1
On differentiating w.r.t x ,we get f '  x   ....  i 
4 x 
2
2
 2x  1 2

1 1
For maxima or minima , we put f '  x   0  8 x  2  0  x   .
4 2
 1 1
When x    h  ,   , where ' h ' is infinitesimally small positive quantity.
 4 4 

4 x  1  8 x  2  8 x  2  0    8 x  2   0 and  4 x 2  2 x  1  0  f '  x   0
2

Page 5 of 19
  1 1 
and when x    ,   h  , 4 x  1  8 x  2  8 x  2  0    8 x  2   0
 4 4  1
1 2
   0  f '  x   0 . This shows that x   is the point of local maxima.
2
and 4 x 2  2 x  1
4
1
maximum value of f  x  is f    
1 1 4
2
 . 2
 4  1  1 3
4    2    1
 4   4
23 OR For maxima and minima, P '  x   0  42  2 x  0 1
2
 x  21 and P "  x   2  0
1
So, P  x  is maximum at x  21 . 2
The maximum value of P  x   72   42  21    21   513 i.e., the maximum profit is 513.
2
1

24 2 x
Let f  x   log  
2 x

2 x 2 x 
We have, f   x   log     log  2  x    f  x  1
2 x   
1 2 x
So, f  x  is an odd function.   log   dx  0. 1
1
2 x
25 f  x   x 3  x , for all x   .
1
d 1
dx
 f  x    f '  x   3 x 2  1; for all x   , x 2  0  f '  x   0 2
1
Hence, no critical point exists.
2

Section –C
[This section comprises of solution short answer type questions (SA) of 3 marks each]

26 2x2  3 1
We have, . Now , let x 2  t

x2 x2  9  2

2t  3 A B 1 5
So,   , we get A  & B  1
t  t  9 t t  9 3 3

2x2  3 1 dx 5 dx 1
 x x2 2
9 
dx  

3 x2 3 x 2
9 2

1 5  x
  tan 1    c , where ' c ' is an arbitrary constant of integration. 1
3x 9 3
27 1 1
We have, (i)  P  X   1  k  2 k  3k  1  k  6 .
i

1
Page 6 of 19
 1 1
(ii) P  X  2   P  X  0   P  X  1  k  2k  3k  3   .
6 2 1
(iii) P  X  2   0.

28 3
3 12 1
Let x 2  t  dt  x dx
2 2

x 2 dt 1
 1 x 3
dx  
3 1 t2 2

2 1 1
 sin  t   c
3

2  3 1
 sin1  x 2   c , where ' c ' is an arbitrary constant of integration.
3  
28 OR 
Let I   4 log e  1  tan x  dx ------(i)
0


   a a 1
 I   4 loge  1  tan   x   dx , Using,  f ( x )dx   f (a  x )dx
0
 4  0 0

  
 1  tan x   2 
 I   4 log e  1   dx   4
log e   dx   4
log e 2 dx  I ( Using ------(i) 1
0
 1  tan x  0
 1  tan x  0

1
 
 2I  log e 2  I  log e 2.
4 8

29  xy
x
 x x
 ydx  xdy 
Method 1: ye dx   xe  y  dy  e  ydx  xdy   y dy  e y 
y 2 y 2
  dy 1
   y2 
 
x
 x 1
 e d    dy
y

 y
x x
 x
  e d     dy  e y  y  c , where ' c ' is an arbitrary constant of integration.
y

 y 1
x

dx xe y  y 2
Method 2: We have ,  x
dy
y .e y

dx x y 1
   x ……………. (i) 2
dy y
ey
1
dx dv
Let x  vy   v  y. ; 2
dy dy

Page 7 of 19
 dv y 1
So equation (i) becomes v  y v v
dy e 2
dv y 1
y  v
dy e 2
1
 e v dv  dy
2

e dv   dy  e v  y  c  e x / y  y  c 1
v
On integrating we get,
2
where ' c ' is an arbitrary constant of integration.

29 OR The given Differential equation is

dy
 cos x  dx
2
 y  tan x

Dividing both the sides by cos 2 x , we get

dy y tan x
 
dx cos x cos 2 x
2

dy
dx
  
 y sec2 x  tan x sec2 x ........  i  1
2
dy
Comparing with  Py  Q
dx

P  sec 2 x , Q  tan x .sec 2 x

1
The Integrating factor is, IF  e   e
P dx sec2 x dx
 e tan x 2
On multiplying the equation  i  by e tan x , we get

d
dx
     
y .e tan x  e tan x tan x sec2 x  d y .e tan x  e tan x tan x sec2 x dx   1

On integrating we get , y .e tan x   t .e t dt  c1 ; where, t  tan x so that dt  sec2 x dx

 te t  e t  c   tan x  e tan x  e tan x  c

 
 y  tan x  1  c . e  tan x , where ' c1 '& ' c ' are arbitrary constants of integration.
1
30 The feasible region determined by the
constraints, x  2 y  100, 2 x  y  0, 2 x  y  200, x , y  0 , is given below.

Page 8 of 19
 1
1
2

A  0, 50  , B  20, 40  , C  50, 100  and D  0, 200  are the corner points of the feasible
region.
1
The values of Z at these corner points are given below.

Corner point Corresponding value of

Z  x  2y

A  0, 50  100 Minimum

B  20, 40  100 Minimum

1
C  50, 100  250
2

30 OR D  0, 200  400

The minimum value of Z is 100 at all the points on the line segment joining the points  0,50 

and  20,40  .

The feasible region determined by the constraints, x  3, x  y  5, x  2 y  6, y  0.

is given below.

1
1
2

Page 9 of 19
 Here, it can 1
be seen that
the

feasible region is unbounded.

The values of Z at corner points A  3, 2  , B  4, 1 and C  6, 0  are given below. 1

Corner point Corresponding value of Z   x  2 y 2

A  3, 2  1 ( may or may not be the maximum value)

B  4, 1  -2

C  6, 0  -6

Since the feasible region is unbounded, Z  1 may or may not be the maximum value.

Now, we draw the graph of the inequality, – x  2 y  1 , and we check whether the resulting
open half-plane has any point/s, in common with the feasible region or not.

Here, the resulting open half plane has points in common with the feasible region.

Hence, Z  1 is not the maximum value. We conclude, Z has no maximum value.

31 y  x  1
 log e    log e x  log e  a  bx 
x  a  bx  2

On differentiating with respect to x , we get

dy
x y
dx 1 1 d 1 b
    a  bx    1
x 2
x a  bx dx x a  bx
dy 1 b  ax 1
x  y  x2    
dx  x a  bx  a  bx 2
On differentiating again with respect to x , we get

d 2 y dy dy  a  bx  a  ax  b  1
x   
dx 2 dx dx  a  bx 
2
2

Page 10 of 19
 2
d2 y  a 
 x 2   .
dx  a  bx  1
2

Section –D
[This section comprises of solution of long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each]

32

To find the point of intersections of the curve y  x 2  1 and the line y  x  1 ,

we write x 2  1  x  1  x  x  1  0  x  0,1.

So, the point of intersections P  0,1  and Q  1,2  . 1

Area of the shaded region OPQRTSO = (Area of the region OSQPO + Area of the region
STRQS )
 
1 2
  x 2  1 dx    x  1 dx 1
0 1
1 2
 x3   x2  1
   x    x
3 0  2 1 2
 1     1 
   1   0   2  2     1  1
 3     2  2
23 23 1
 Hence the required area is sq units.
6 6
33 Let  a , b  be an arbitrary element of    . Then,  a , b      and a, b 

We have, ab  ba ; (As a, b   and multiplication is commutative on  )

  a , b  R  a , b  , according to the definition of the relation R on   

Thus  a , b  R  a , b  ,   a , b      .

So, R is reflexive relation on    . 1

Let  a , b  ,  c , d  be arbitrary elements of    such that  a , b  R  c , d  .

Page 11 of 19
 Then,  a , b  R  c , d   ad  bc  bc  ad ; (changing LHS and RHS)

 cb  da; (As a, b, c, d   and multiplication is commutative on  )

  c , d  R  a , b  ; according to the definition of the relation R on   

Thus  a , b  R  c , d    c , d  R  a , b 

So, R is symmetric relation on    . 1

Let  a , b  ,  c , d  ,  e , f  be arbitrary elements of    such that

 a , b  R  c , d  and  c , d  R  e , f  .
 a , b  R  c , d   ad  bc 
Then    ad  cf    bc  de   af  be
 c , d  R  e , f   cf  de 
  a, b  R  e, f ; (according to the definition of the relation R on    )

Thus  a , b  R  c , d  and  c , d  R  e , f    a, b  R  e, f 
So, R is transitive relation on    .
1
As the relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive so, it is equivalence relation on    .
1
 2, 6     x , y      :  x , y  R  2, 6  2
1
  x , y      : 3 x  y 2

  x ,3 x  : x     1, 3  ,  2,6 ,  3,9  ,.........

1
33 OR
 x
 1  x , if x  0
We have, f  x   
 x , if x  0
 1  x
Now, we consider the following cases
x
Case 1: when x  0 , we have f  x  
1 x
Injectivity: let x, y   0 such that f  x   f  y  , then


x y
   x  xy  y  xy  x  y
1 x 1 y
So, f is injective function. 1
x 1
Surjectivity : when x  0 , we have f  x    0 and f  x   1   1,as x  0
1 x 1 x
y
y 1 y

Let y   0,1  , thus for each y  0,1 there exists x 
1 y
 0 such that f  x  
y
 y.
1
1 y

1
Page 12 of 19
 So, f is onto function on  0,   to  0,1 .
x
Case 2: when x  0 , we have f  x  
1 x
Injectivity: Let x, y   i.e., x , y  0 , such that f  x  f  y  , then


x y
   x  xy  y  xy  x  y
1 x 1 y
So, f is injective function.
1
x x 1
Surjectivity : x  0 , we have f  x    0 also, f  x    1   1
1 x 1 x 1 x
1  f  x   0 .
y
Let y    1, 0  be an arbitrary real number and there exists x   0 such that,
1 y
y
 y  1 y
f  x  f    y.
 1 y  1 y
1 y
y
So, for y    1, 0  , there exists x   0 such that f  x   y .
1 y 1
Hence, f is onto function on   , 0  to   1, 0  .
Case 3:
x y
(Injectivity): Let x  0 & y  0 such that f  x   f  y   
1 x 1 y
 x  xy  y  xy  x  y  2 xy , here LHS  0 but RHS  0 , which is inadmissible.
Hence , f  x   f  y  when x  y.
1
Hence f is one-one and onto function.
34 The given system of equations can be written in the form AX  B,

 2 3 10  1 / x   4
     
Where, A   4 6 5  , X  1 / y  and B  1 
 6 9 20   1 / z   2

2 3 10 1
Now, A  4 6 5  2  120  45  3  80  30   10  36  36  2
6 9 20

 2  75   3   110   10  72   150  330  720  1200  0  A1 exists. 1

2
T
 75 110 72   75 150 75 
 adj A  150 100 0   110 100 30 
  
1
1
 75 30 24   72 0 24  2

Page 13 of 19
  75 150 75 
1 1 
Hence, A 
1
 adjA  110 100 30  1
A 1200 
 72 0 24 2

1
 
x  75 150 75   4 
1 1 
1
As, AX  B  X  A B     110 100 30  1  1
y 1200  2
   72 0 24   2
1
z
 
1 1
   
 300  150  150   x  600   2 
1  1 1  1 1
  440  100  60       400     2
1200 y 1200  3
 288  0  48     240   
1 1
z  5 
 

1 1 1 1 1 1
Thus,  ,  ,  Hence, x  2, y  3, z  5 . 1
x 2 y 3 z 5

35 Let P 1,6,3  be the given point, and let ' L ' be the foot of the perpendicular from ' P ' to the

given line AB (as shown in the figure below). The coordinates of a general point on the
given line are given by

x 0 y 1 z  2
    ;  is a scalar, i.e., x   , y  2  1 and z  3  2
1 2 3
Let the coordinates of L be   , 2  1,3  2  .
1
So, direction ratios of PL are   1, 2  1  6 and 3  2  3, i .e .   1, 2  5 and 3  1. 2
1
Direction ratios of the given line are 1, 2 and 3, which is perpendicular to PL . 2

Therefore,    1 1   2  5  2   3  1  3  0  14  14  0    1
1
So, coordinates of L are 1,3,5  .

Page 14 of 19
 Let Q  x1 , y1 , z1  be the image of P 1,6,3  in the given line. Then, L is the mid-point of 1
PQ .

Therefore,
 x1  1  1,  y1  6   3 and  z1  3  5  x  1, y1  0 and z1  7
1
2 2 2
Hence, the image of P  1,6,3  in the given line is 1,0,7  .
1
Now, the distance of the point  1,0,7 from the y  axis is 12  72  50 units.

1
35 OR Method 1:

Given that equation of lines are

 
   
r   i  j  k ..............  i  and r  i  j   2 j  k ..............  ii 

The given lines are non-parallel lines as vectors i  j  k and 2 j  k are not parallel. There is a

unique line segment PQ ( P lying on line  i  and Q on the other line  ii  ), which is at right

angles to both the lines. PQ is the shortest distance between the lines. Hence, the shortest possible
distance between the aeroplanes  PQ .

 
Let the position vector of the point P lying on the line r   i  j  k where '  ' is a scalar, is
1
 
 i  j  k , for some  and the position vector of the point Q lying on the line 2

 
r  i  j   2 j  k ; where '  ' is a scalar, is i   1  2  j     k , for some  .
   1
Now, the vector PQ  OQ  OP   1    i   1  2    j       k ; (where ' O ' is the 2

origin), is perpendicular to both the lines, so the vector PQ is perpendicular to both the vectors
i  j  k and 2 j  k .

  1    .1   1  2    .  1       .1  0 &

  1    .0   1  2    .  2        .1  0 1
 2  3  3  0 & 2  5   3  0 2
1
2
Page 15 of 19
 2
On solving the above equations , we get   and   0
3
1
So, the position vector of the points, at which they should be so that the distance between them is

the shortest, are

3

2   

i  j  k and i  j . 1

   1 1 2  2 2

1  1  2
2
2
PQ  OQ  OP  i  j  k and PQ             1
3 3 3  3  3  3 3

2
The shortest distance  units.
3
Method 2:

x y z
The equation of two given straight lines in the Cartesian form are   ........ i  and
1 1 1
x1 y1 z
  .........  ii 
0 2 1
The lines are not parallel as direction ratios are not proportional. Let P be a point on straight line 1
i and Q be a point on straight line  ii  such that line PQ is perpendicular to both of the lines. 2

Let the coordinates of P be   ,   ,   and that of Q be  1, 2  1,   ; where '  ' and '  ' are
1
scalars. 2
Then the direction ratios of the line PQ are    1,    2  1,    

Since PQ is perpendicular to straight line  i  , we have,

1
(  1).1  (    2  1).( 1)  (   ).1  0 2

 3  3  2......  iii 
1
Since , PQ is perpendicular to straight line  ii  , we have 2
0.    1      2  1 .( 2)       .1  0  3  5  2........  iv  1

2
Solving  iii  and  iv  , we get   0,   1
3
 2 2 2
Therfore , the Coordinates of P are  ,  ,  and that of Q are  1, 1, 0
 3 3 3 1

Page 16 of 19
 2 2 2
 2  2  2 2
So, the required shortest distance is  1  3    1  3    0  3   3
units.
     

Section –E

[This section comprises solution of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with two sub
parts. Solution of the first two case study questions have three sub parts (i),(ii),(iii) of marks 1,1,2
respectively. Solution of the third case study question has two sub parts of 2 marks each.)

36 Let E1 , E2 , E3 be the events that Jayant, Sonia and Oliver processed the form, which are clearly

pairwise mutually exclusive and exhaustive set of events.

50 5 20 1 30 3
Then P  E1    , P  E2    and P  E3    .
100 10 100 5 100 10

Also, let E be the event of committing an error.

We have, P  E | E1   0.06 , P  E | E 2   0.04 , P  E | E 3   0.03.

(i) The probability that Sonia processed the form and committed an error is given by

1
P  E  E2   P  E2  . P  E | E2    0.04  0.008. 1
5

(ii) The total probability of committing an error in processing the form is given by

P  E   P  E1  . P  E | E1   P  E2  . P  E | E2   P  E3  . P  E | E3 

50 20 30
P E   0.06   0.04   0.03  0.047. 1
100 100 100

(iii) The probability that the form is processed by Jayant given that form has an error is given by
P  E | E1   P  E1 
P  E1 | E  
P  E | E1  . P  E1   P  E | E2  . P  E2   P  E | E3  . P  E3 

50
0.06  1
100 30
 
50 20 30 47
0.06   0.04   0.03 
100 100 100
Therefore, the required probability that the form is not processed by Jayant given that form has an
1
 
error  P E1 | E  1  P  E1 | E   1 
30 17
 .
47 47
1
3
(iii) OR  PE E  P E
i 1 | E   P  E 2 | E   P  E3 | E   1
i 1 1
Since, sum of the posterior probabilities is 1.

Page 17 of 19
 3
( We have ,  P  E i E   P  E1 | E   P  E 2 | E   P  E 3 | E 
i 1

P  E  E1   P  E  E2   P  E  E3 

P E
P   E  E1    E  E2    E  E3  
 as Ei & E j ; i  j , are mutually exclusive events
P E
P  E  ( E1  E2  E3  PE  S PE
    1; ' S ' being the sample space )
PE PE PE

37 We have ,
  
 4   3    3   18  3 2 kN .
2 2 2
F1  62  02  6 kN , F2   42  32  4 2 kN , F3 
1
(i) Magnitude of force of Team A  6 kN .
   1
(ii) Sin ce a  c  3(i  j )and b  4 (i  j )
  
So, b and a  c are unlike vectors having same intial point 1
  
and b  4 2 & a  c  3 2
      1
Thus F 2  F 1  F 3 also F 2 and F 1  F 3 are unlike
Hence B will win the game
   
(iii) F  F1  F2  F3  6iˆ  0 ˆj  4iˆ  4 ˆj  3iˆ  3 ˆj   iˆ  ˆj
1

 1    1 
2 2
F   2 kN .
1
OR

F   iˆ  ˆj

1  3
     tan 1       ; where' ' is the angle made by the resultant force with the
1 4 4

 ve direction of the x  axis.

38 1
y  4x  x2
2
(i) The rate of growth of the plant with respect to the number of days exposed to sunlight
dy 2
is given by  4  x.
dx
dy
(ii) Let rate of growth be represented by the function g  x   .
dx

Page 18 of 19
 d  dy 
Now, g '  x    1  0
dx  dx 

 g  x  decreases. 1

So the rate of growth of the plant decreases for the first three days. 1
1
 2   6 cm .
2
Height of the plant after 2 days is y  4  2 
2

Page 19 of 19
 MARKING SCHEME
CLASS XII
MATHEMATICS (CODE-041)
SECTION: A (Solution of MCQs of 1 Mark each)

Q no. ANS HINTS/SOLUTION

1. (D) For a square matrix A of order n  n , we have A.  adj A   A I n , where I n is the identity matrix of
order n  n.
 2025 0 0 

So, A.  adj A    0 2025 0   2025 I 3  A  2025 & adj A  A   2025 
3 1 2

 0 0 2025 

 A  adj A  2025   2025  .

2

2. (A)

3. (C) 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑒𝑥 = > = 𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
In the domain (R) of the function, > 0 , hence the function is strictly increasing in (−∞, ∞)
𝑑𝑥

 
2
4. (B) 2
A  5, B 1 AB  B 1 A B  A  52 .
2

5. (B) dy
A differential equation of the form  f  x , y  is said to be homogeneous, if f  x , y  is a
dx
homogeneous function of degree 0.

dy  y  dy y   y 
Now, x n  y  log e  log e e    n  log e e .     f  x , y  ;  Let  . f  x , y  will be a
dx  x  dx x   x 
homogeneous function of degree 0, if n  1.
6. (A) Method 1: ( Short cut)

When the points  x1 , y1  ,  x2 , y2  and  x1  x2 , y1  y2  are collinear in the Cartesian plane then

x1  x2 y1  y2 x1  x2 y1  y2
 0    x1 y2  x2 y2  x2 y1  x2 y2   0
x1   x1  x2  y1   y1  y2   x2  y2

 x2 y1  x1 y2 .

Page 1 of 15
 Method 2:
When the points  x1 , y1  ,  x2 , y2  and  x1  x2 , y1  y2  are collinear in the Cartesian plane then

x1 y1 1
x2 y2 1 0
x1  x2 y1  y2 1
 1.  x2 y1  x2 y2  x1 y2  x2 y2   1 x1 y1  x1 y2  x1 y1  x2 y1    x1 y 2  x2 y 1   0
 x2 y1  x1 y2 .
7. (A) 0 1 c 
A   1 a  b 
 2 3 0 
When the matrix A is skew symmetric then AT   A  aij  a ji ;

 c  2; a  0 and b  3
So , a  b  c  0  3  2  1.

   
8. (C) 1 2 1
P A  ;P B  ;P  A  B 
2 3 4
1 1
 P  A  ; P  B  
2 3
1 1 1 7
Wehave, P  A  B   P  A   P  B   P  A  B     
2 3 4 12

 
7
 A P A B P  A  B  1  P  A  B  1  12 5
P       .
 B P B P B  P B   2 8  
3
9. (B) For obtuse angle, cos 𝜃 < 0 => 𝑝⃗. 𝑞⃗ < 0
𝟐𝜶𝟐 − 𝟑𝜶 + 𝜶 < 𝟎 => 𝟐𝜶𝟐 − 𝟐𝜶 < 𝟎 => 𝜶 ∈ (𝟎, 𝟏)
10. (C) a  3, b  4, a  b  5

2
We have , a  b  a  b  2 a  b
2
 2 2
  2 9  16  50  a  b  5.
11. (B) Corner point Value of the objective function Z  4 x  3 y

1. O  0,0  z0

2. R  40,0  z  160

3. Q  30, 20  z  120  60  180

4. P  0,40  z  120

Since , the feasible region is bounded so the maximum value of the objective function z  180 is at

Q  30,20 .

Page 2 of 15
12. (A) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 1 =∫ 1
𝑥 3 (1 + 𝑥 4 ) 2
𝑥 5 (1 +
1 2
)
𝑥4
1 4 𝑑𝑥 1
( Let 1 + 𝑥 −4 = 1 + = 𝑡, 𝑑𝑡 = −4𝑥 −5 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑑𝑥 ⇒ = − 𝑑𝑡 )
𝑥4 𝑥5 𝑥5 4
1 𝑑𝑡 1
= −4∫ 1 = − 4 × 2 × √𝑡 + 𝑐, where ' c ' denotes any arbitrary constant of integration.
𝑡2

1 1 1
= − 2 √1 + 𝑥 4 + 𝑐 = −
2𝑥 2
√1 + 𝑥 4 + 𝑐

13. (A) We know, 0 f  x  dx  0, if f  2a  x    f  x 

2a

Let f  x   cos ec7 x .

Now, f  2  x   cos ec7  2  x    cos ec 7 x   f  x 

2

  cos ec 7 x dx  0; Using the property 0 f  x  dx  0, if f  2a  x    f  x  .

2a

14. (B) ′ 𝑑𝑦
The given differential equation 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑥 => 𝑑𝑥
= log 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 = log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 => ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 = 𝑥 log 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑐
hence the correct option is (B).
15. (B) The graph represents y  cos 1 x whose domain is   1,1 and range is  0,   .
16. (D) Since the inequality Z  18 x  10 y  134 has no point in common with the feasible region hence

the minimum value of the objective function Z  18 x  10 y is 134 at P  3,8  .

17. (D) The graph of the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by f  x    x  ;  where  . denotes G . I .F  is a straight
line  x   2.5  h,2.5  h , ' h ' is an infinitesimally small positive quantity. Hence, the function is
continuous and differentiable at x  2.5 .

18. (B) The required region is symmetric about the y  axis.

4
 3
 y2 4
64
So, required area (in sq units ) is  2 2 ydy  4    .
3 3
0  
 2 0
19. (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

20. (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Section –B
[This section comprises of solution of very short answer type questions (VSA) of 2 marks each]

Page 3 of 15
21 𝜋 1
cot −1 (3𝑥 + 5) > = cot −1 1
4 2
1
=>3x + 5 < 1 ( as cot −1 𝑥 is strictly decreasing function in its domain)
2

=> 3x < – 4
4
=> 𝑥 < − 3
4
⸫ 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, − ) 1
3

22. The marginal cost function is C '  x   0.00039 x 2  0.004 x  5 . 1

C '  150   ₹ 14.375 . 1

23.(a) y  tan1 x and z  loge x

.
dy 1 1
Then 
dx 1  x 2 2
dz 1 1
and 
dx x 2
dy
dy dx
 1
dz dz
2
dx
So,
1
 1 x 
2 x 1
.
1 1  x2 2
x
OR Let y  (cos x ) x . Then, y  e x logecosx
23.(b)
dy d
 e x loge cos x ( x log e cos x ) 1
On differentiating both sides with respect to x , we get dx dx
2
dy  d d 
  (cos x ) x  log e cos x ( x )  x (log e cos x )  1
dx  dx dx  2
dy  1  dy
  (cos x ) x  log e cos x  x . (  sin x )    (cos x ) x (log e cos x  x tan x ) . 1
dx  cos x  dx

24.(a) ⃗⃗ + λc⃗ = (−1 + 3λ)î + (2 + λ )ĵ + k̂

We have b 1
2

⃗⃗ + λc⃗) . a⃗⃗ = 0 => 2(−1 + 3λ ) + 2 (2 + λ ) + 3 = 0

(b 1

1
5 2
λ = −8
OR
1
24.(b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝐴
𝐵𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (4𝑖̂ + 3𝑘̂ ) − 𝑘̂ = 4𝑖̂ + 2𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝐵
2
Page 4 of 15
 4 2 2 1 1
̂ =
𝐵𝐴 𝑖̂ + 𝑘̂ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑘̂
2√5 2√5 √5 √5 2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ with the x , y and the z axes are respectively
So, the angles made by the vector 𝐵𝐴
1
−1 2 𝜋 −1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) , 2 , 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ).
√5 √5

25. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑1 = 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ = 4𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑2 = 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ = −6𝑗̂ − 8𝑘̂ 1
2
1 1
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
Area of the parallelogram = |𝑑1 × 𝑑2 | = ||4 −2 −2|| = 2|𝑖̂ + 8𝑗̂ − 6𝑘̂ |
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 1
2 2
0 −6 −8 1
Area of the parallelogram = 2√101 sq. units. 2

Section –C
[This section comprises of solution short answer type questions (SA) of 3 marks each]

26.

y 1
3 2
3

1
x 𝑥 2 + 32 = 𝑦 2 2

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 5 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 4, 𝑛𝑜𝑤 2𝑥 = 2𝑦 1
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
4 (200) = 5 => = 160 cm/s 1
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
1
27. 1 𝑑𝐴 1 1 1
𝐴 = 3 √𝑡 ∴ 𝑑𝑡
= 6 𝑡 −2 = 6 𝑡 ; ∀𝑡 ∈ (5,18)
√

𝑑𝐴 1 𝑑2 𝐴 1 1
𝑑𝑡
=6 𝑡
∴ 𝑑𝑡 2
= − 12𝑡
√ √𝑡 1
𝑑2 𝐴 2
So, 𝑑𝑡 2
< 0, ∀𝑡 ∈ (5,18)
This means that the rate of change of the ability to understand spatial concepts decreases 1
2
(slows down) with age.
28(a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒍 .𝒍⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂).(3ı̂−2ȷ̂ + 𝑘
(ı̂−2ȷ̂+3k ̂) 1
(i) 𝜽 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 ( ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝟏 𝟐
) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (|(ı̂−2ȷ̂+3k̂)|| (3ı̂−2ȷ̂ + 𝑘̂)|)
|𝒍𝟏 |.|𝒍⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝟐|
1
𝟑+𝟒+𝟑 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 2
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 ( ) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 (𝟏𝟒) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 (𝟕).
√𝟏+𝟒+𝟗√𝟗+𝟒+𝟏

⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒍𝟏 .𝒍⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝟐
̂).(3ı̂−2ȷ̂ + 𝑘
(ı̂−2ȷ̂+3k ̂) 1
(ii) Scalar projection of ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒍𝟏 on ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒍𝟐 = =
|𝒍⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝟐 | ̂
| (3ı̂−2ȷ̂ + 𝑘 )| 1
=
3+4+3
=
10
. 2
√9+4+1 √14

Page 5 of 15
28(b) Line perpendicular to the lines

𝑟⃗ = 2ı̂ + ȷ̂ − 3k̂ + λ(ı̂ + 2ȷ̂ + 5k̂) and 𝑟⃗ = 3ı̂ + 3ȷ̂ − 7k̂ + μ(3ı̂ − 2ȷ̂ + 5k̂).
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
has a vector parallel it is given by 𝑏⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑏1 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏2 = |1 2 5| = 20î + 10ĵ − 8k̂ 1
3 −2 5
⸫ equation of line in vector form is 𝑟⃗ = − ı̂ + 2 ȷ̂ + 7k̂ + a(10ı̂ + 5ȷ̂ − 4k̂)
1
𝑥+1 𝑦−2 𝑧−7
And equation of line in cartesian form is = =
10 5 −4 1

29.(a) 1 1
∫{ − } 𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥 1 1 𝑑 1 1
=∫ −∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { ( ) ∫ 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥)2 1
𝑥 1 1 1
= +∫ . 𝑥. 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥)2 𝑥 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥)2
𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
= +∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2
= + 𝑐; 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥) (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥
where′𝑐′is any arbitary constant of integration.
OR 1
 x  1  x  dx
n

29.(b) 0
1 𝑎 𝑎
= ∫ (1 − 𝑥){1 − (1 − 𝑥)}𝑛 𝑑𝑥, (𝑎𝑠, ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 )
0 0 0 1
1
= ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 (1 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
0

1 1 1
= ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑑𝑥 2
0 0
1 1 1
= [𝑥 𝑛+1 ]1 0 − [𝑥 𝑛+2 ]0 1
𝑛+1 𝑛+2
2
1 1 1
= 𝑛+1 − 𝑛+2 = (𝑛+1)(𝑛+2).
1

30. The feasible region determined by the constraints, 2 x  y  3, x  2 y  6, x  0, y  0 is as shown.

Page 6 of 15
 1

The corner points of the unbounded feasible region are A( 6, 0) and B ( 0, 3) .

The values of Z at these corner points are as follows:

Value of the objective function

Corner point Z  x  2y

1
A( 6, 0) 6

B ( 0, 3) 6

We observe the region x  2 y  6 have no points in common with the unbounded feasible region. Hence 1
the minimum value of z  6 . 2
It can be seen that the value of Z at points A and B is same. If we take any other point on the line
x  2 y  6 such as (2,2) on line x  2 y  6, then Z  6 .
1
Thus, the minimum value of Z occurs for more than 2 points, and is equal to 6. 2

31.(a) Since the event of raining today and not raining today are complementary events so if the probability
that it rains today is 0.4 then the probability that it does not rain today is 1  0.4  0.6  P1  0.6

Page 7 of 15
 If it rains today, the probability that it will rain tomorrow is 0.8 then the probability that it will not rain
tomorrow is 1  0.8  0.2 .

If it does not rain today, the probability that it will rain tomorrow is 0.7 then the probability that it will

not rain tomorrow is 1  0.7  0.3

(i) P1  P4  P2  P3  0.6  0.3  0.2  0.7  0.04. 1

(ii) Let E1 and E2 be the events that it will rain today and it will not rain today respectively.
1

P  E1   0.4 & P  E2   0.6

𝐴 𝐴 1
A be the event that it will rain tomorrow. 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 0.8 & 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 0.7 2
1 2

𝐴 𝐴
We have, 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃 (𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 0.4 × 0.8 + 0.6 × 0.7 = 0.74.
1 2
1
The probability of rain tomorrow is 0.74 .
2
1
OR Given 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑟)𝛼 5𝑟 1
31.(b) 1 2
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑟) = 𝑘 5𝑟 ( where k is a non-zero constant )
,
1
𝑃(𝑟 = 0) = 𝑘. 0
5
1
𝑃(𝑟 = 1) = 𝑘. 1
5
1 1
𝑃(𝑟 = 2) = 𝑘. 2
5 2
1
𝑃(𝑟 = 3) = 𝑘. 3
5
………………………….
………………………….
We have, 𝑃(𝑋 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 2)+. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = 1 1
2
Page 8 of 15
 1 1 1
⇒ 𝑘 (1 + + 2 + 3 +. . . . . . . . . . . . . ) = 1
5 5 5
1
1 4
⇒ 𝑘( 1) = 1 ⇒ 𝑘 = 2
1− 5
5
So, 𝑃(𝑋 < 3) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 2)
4 1 1 4 25 + 5 + 1 124
= (1 + + 2 ) = ( )= . 1
5 5 5 5 25 125
Section –D
[This section comprises of solution of long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each]

32.

𝜋 𝜋

Required area = 20 ∫𝜋4 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + |20 ∫𝜋3 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 | 1+1

6 4

𝜋 𝜋
sin 2𝑥 4 sin 2𝑥 3 1
= 20 [ ]𝜋 + |20 [ ] |
2 2 𝜋
6 4

1
√3 √3 √3
= 10 (1 − 2
)+ 10 (1 − 2
) = 20 (1 − 2
) sq. units.

33. y  ax 2  bx  c
15  4a  2b  c 1
25  16a  4b  c
15  196a  14b  c
The set of equations can be represented in the matrix form as AX  B , 1
4 2 1 𝑎 15 4 2 1 𝑎 15 2
where 𝐴 = [ 16 4 1]’ 𝑋 = [𝑏] and 𝐵 = [25] ⇒ [ 16 4 1] [𝑏] = [25].
196 14 1 𝑐 15 196 14 1 𝑐 15 1
1
|𝐴| = 4(4 − 14) − 2(16 − 196) + (224 − 784) = −40 + 360 − 560 = −240 ≠ 0. Hence A 2
exists.

Page 9 of 15
 −10 180 −560 𝑇 −10 12 −2 1
Now,𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴) = [ 12 −192 336 ] = [ 180 −192 12 ]
−2 12 −16 −560 336 −16
𝑎 1 −10 12 −2 15 5 −10 12 −2 3 5 24 1
[𝑏 ] = − [ 180 −192 12 ] [25] = − [ 180 −192 12 ] [5] = − [−384]
𝑐 240 240 240
−560 336 −16 15 −560 336 −16 3 −48

1 1
 a   , b  8, c  1 2
2
1 1
So, the equation becomes y   x 2  8 x  1
2 2

34.(a) 𝑥 3 ,if 𝑥 ≥ 0
We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥|3 , {
(−𝑥)3 = −𝑥 3 ,if𝑥 < 0 1
𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(0) −𝑥 3 −0 2
Now, (𝐿𝐻𝐷 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚−
𝑥−0
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚− (
𝑥
) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚−(−𝑥 2 ) = 0
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥→0
1
𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(0) 𝑥 3 −0
(𝑅𝐻𝐷 𝑎𝑡𝑥 = 0) 𝑙𝑖𝑚+
𝑥−0
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚+ ( 𝑥
) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚(−𝑥 2 ) = 0 2
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥→0

1
∴ (𝐿𝐻𝐷 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0) = (𝑅𝐻𝐷 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0) 2
So, f  x  is differentiable at x  0 and the derivative of f  x  is given by

3𝑥 2 ,if𝑥 ≥ 0 1
𝑓′(𝑥) = {
−3𝑥 2 ,if𝑥 < 0
1
𝑓′(𝑥)−𝑓′(0) −3𝑥 2 −0
Now, (𝐿𝐻𝐷𝑜𝑓𝑓′(𝑥)𝑎𝑡𝑥 = 0) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚− 𝑥−0
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚− ( 𝑥
) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚−(−3𝑥) = 0 2
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥→0

𝑓′(𝑥)−𝑓′(0) 3𝑥 2 −0 1
(𝑅𝐻𝐷 𝑜𝑓𝑓′(𝑥) 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚+ = 𝑙𝑖𝑚+ ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚+(3𝑥) = 0
𝑥→0 𝑥−0 𝑥→0 𝑥−0 𝑥→0 2
∴ (𝐿𝐻𝐷 𝑜𝑓𝑓′(𝑥)𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0) = (𝑅𝐻𝐷𝑜𝑓𝑓′(𝑥)𝑎𝑡𝑥 = 0) 1
2

So, 𝑓′(𝑥)is differentiable at x  0. 1

2
6𝑥,if𝑥 ≥ 0
Hence, 𝑓′′(𝑥) = {
−6𝑥,if𝑥 < 0. 1
2

OR Given relation is (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑐 2 , 𝑐 > 0.

34 .(b) 1
Let x  a  c cos  and 𝑦 − 𝑏 = 𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃.
2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Therefore, 𝑑𝜃 = −𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 And = 𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1
𝑑𝜃
2
𝑑𝑦
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 1

𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑
Differentiate both sides with respect to , we get 𝑑𝜃 (𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑑𝜃 (− 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃) 1
2

Page 10 of 15
 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Or, 𝑑𝑥 (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝑐 2 𝜃
1
𝑑2 𝑦 2
Or, (−𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃) = cosec 𝜃 2
𝑑𝑥 2
1
𝑑2𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝜃
= − 2
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑐

3
𝑑𝑦 2 2 3 3 1
[1+( ) ] 𝑐[1+𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃]2 − 𝑐(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃)2
𝑑𝑥
∴ 𝑑2 𝑦
= = = −𝑐,
− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑐 3 𝜃 cosec 3 𝜃
𝑑𝑥2
1
Which is constant and is independent of a and b . 2

35.(a)

Given that equation of lines are

𝑟⃗ = (−𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ) + 𝜆(7𝑖̂ − 6𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (𝑖) and
𝑟⃗ = (3𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ ) + 𝜇(𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (𝑖𝑖)
The given lines are non-parallel lines as vectors 7𝑖̂ − 6𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂and 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ are not parallel. There is a
unique line segment PQ ( P lying on line  i  and Q on the other line  ii  ), which is at right angles

to both the lines PQ is the shortest distance between the lines.

Hence, the shortest possible distance between the lines  PQ .

Let the position vector of the point P lying on the line𝑟⃗ = (−𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ) + 𝜆(7𝑖̂ − 6𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ) where '  ' 1
is a scalar, is (7𝜆 − 1)𝑖̂ − (6𝜆 + 1)𝑗̂ + (𝜆 − 1)𝑘̂ , for some  and the position vector of the point Q 2
1
lying on the line 𝑟⃗ = (3𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ ) + 𝜇(𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ )where '  ' is a scalar, is 2
(𝜇 + 3)𝑖̂ + (−2𝜇 + 5)𝑗̂ + (𝜇 + 7)𝑘̂ , for some  . Now, the vector
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄 = 𝑂𝑄 𝑂𝑃 = (𝜇 + 3 − 7𝜆 + 1)𝑖̂ + (−2𝜇 + 5 + 6𝜆 + 1)𝑗̂ + (𝜇 + 7 − 𝜆 + 1)𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (𝜇 − 7𝜆 + 4)𝑖̂ + (−2𝜇 + 6𝜆 + 6)𝑗̂ + (𝜇 − 𝜆 + 8)𝑘̂ ; (where ' O ' is the origin), is 1
𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝑃𝑄
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ is perpendicular to both the vectors 7𝑖̂ − 6𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and
perpendicular to both the lines, so the vector 𝑃𝑄
𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ .
 (𝜇 − 7𝜆 + 4). 7 + (−2𝜇 + 6𝜆 + 6). (−6) + (𝜇 − 𝜆 + 8). 1 = 0

Page 11 of 15
 &(𝜇 − 7𝜆 + 4). 1 + (−2𝜇 + 6𝜆 + 6). (−2) + (𝜇 − 𝜆 + 8). 1 = 0
 𝟐𝟎𝝁 − 𝟖𝟔𝝀 = 𝟎 => 𝟏𝟎𝝁 − 𝟒𝟑𝝀 = 𝟎&6𝜇 − 20𝜆 = 0 ⇒ 3𝜇 − 10𝜆 = 0 1
On solving the above equations, we get     0 1
So, the position vector of the points P and Q are −𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ and 3𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ respectively. 2
1
𝑃𝑄 = 4𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ + 8𝑘̂ and
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √42 + 62 + 82 = √116 = 2√29 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.
|𝑃𝑄 1

OR
35.(b)

Let P 1, 2 , 1 be the given point and L be the foot of the perpendicular from P to the given line AB

(𝑎𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒).

x  3 y 1 z 1
Let’s put     . Then, x    3, y  2  1, z  3  1
1 2 3 1
2
Let the coordinates of the point L be    3,2  1,3  1 .

So, direction ratios of PL are(𝜆 + 3 − 1,2𝜆 − 1 − 2,3𝜆 + 1 − 1)𝑖. 𝑒. , (𝜆 + 2,2𝜆 − 3,3𝜆)

1
Direction ratios of the given line are 1, 2 and 3, which is perpendicular to PL . Therefore, we have, 2

2
(𝜆 + 2). 1 + (2𝜆 − 3). 2 + 3𝜆. 3 = 0 ⇒ 14𝜆 = 4 ⇒ 𝜆 = 1
7 2
2 23 2 3 2 13
Then, 𝜆 + 3 = 7 + 3 = 7
; 2𝜆 − 1 = 2 (7) − 1 = − 7 ; 3𝜆 + 1 = 3 (7) + 1 = 7 1
23 3 13 2
Therefore, coordinates of the point L are ( 7 , − 7 , 7 ).

Let 𝑄(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 , 𝑧1 )be the image of P 1, 2 , 1 with respect to the given line. Then, L is the mid-point
1
of PQ.
1+𝑥1 23 2+𝑦1 3 1+𝑧1 13 39 20 19
Therefore, 2
= 7
, 2
= −7, 2
= 7
⇒ 𝑥1 = 7
, 𝑦1 = − 7
, 𝑧1 = 7

Hence, the image of the point P  1, 2,1 with respect to the given line 𝑄 ( , −
39 20 19
, ). 1
7 7 7

The equation of the line joining P  1, 2,1 and 𝑄 ( 7 , −

39 20 19
7
, 7 )is

Page 12 of 15
 𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−1 𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−1 1
= = ⇒ = = .
32/7 −34/7 12/7 16 −17 6

Section –E

[This section comprises solution of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with two sub
parts. Solution of the first two case study questions have three sub parts (i),(ii),(iii) of marks 1,1,2
respectively. Solution of the third case study question has two sub parts of 2 marks each.)

36. (i) 𝑉 = (40 − 2𝑥)(25 − 2𝑥)𝑥𝑐𝑚3 1

𝑑𝑉
(ii) = 4(3𝑥 − 50)(𝑥 − 5) 1
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑉 𝟏⁄
(iii) (a) For extreme values = 4(3𝑥 − 50)(𝑥 − 5) = 0 𝟐
𝑑𝑥
50 𝟏⁄
⇒𝑥= 3
or 𝑥 = 5 𝟐

𝑑2 𝑉
= 24𝑥 − 260 𝟏⁄
𝑑𝑥 2 𝟐
𝑑2 𝑉
∴ 𝑑𝑥 2 at 𝑥 = 5 is − 140 < 0 𝟏⁄
𝟐
∴ 𝑉 is max 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 5

(iii) OR
𝟏⁄
𝑑𝑉
(b) For extreme values 𝑑𝑥 = 4(3𝑥 2 − 65𝑥 + 250) 𝟐

𝑑2 𝑉
𝟏⁄
= 4(6𝑥 − 65) 𝟐
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑𝑉 65 𝑑2 𝑉 65
𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = exists and 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑖𝑠 0.
𝑑𝑥 6 6

𝟏⁄
𝑑2𝑉 65 − 𝑑2𝑉 65 + 𝟐
𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = ( ) is negative and 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = ( ) is positive
𝑑𝑥 2 6 𝑑𝑥 2 6

65
⸫𝑥= is a point of inflection. 𝟏⁄
6
𝟐

Number of relations is equal to the number of subsets of the set B  G  2  

37. n BG
(i)
n B   n G  1
2  23 2  26
( 𝑾𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏(𝑨) 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒕 A )
(ii) Smallest Equivalence relation on G is {(𝒈𝟏 , 𝒈𝟏 ), (𝒈𝟐 , 𝒈𝟐 )} 1
(iii) (a) (A) reflexive but not symmetric =
{(𝒃𝟏 , 𝒃𝟐 ), (𝒃𝟐 , 𝒃𝟏 ), (𝒃𝟏 , 𝒃𝟏 ), (𝒃𝟐 , 𝒃𝟐 ), (𝒃𝟑 , 𝒃𝟑 ), (𝒃𝟐 , 𝒃𝟑 )}.

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 So the minimum number of elements to be added are
(𝒃𝟏 , 𝒃𝟏 ), (𝒃𝟐 , 𝒃𝟐 ), (𝒃𝟑 , 𝒃𝟑 ), (𝒃𝟐 , 𝒃𝟑 ) 1
{Note : it can be any one of the pair from, (𝒃𝟑 , 𝒃𝟐 ), (𝒃𝟏 , 𝒃𝟑 ), (𝒃𝟑 , 𝒃𝟏 ) in place of
(𝒃𝟐 , 𝒃𝟑 ) 𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒐}
(B) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive =
{(𝒃𝟏 , 𝒃𝟐 ), (𝒃𝟐 , 𝒃𝟏 ), (𝒃𝟏 , 𝒃𝟏 ), (𝒃𝟐 , 𝒃𝟐 ), (𝒃𝟑 , 𝒃𝟑 ), (𝒃𝟐 , 𝒃𝟑 ), (𝒃𝟑 , 𝒃𝟐 ) }.

1
So the minimum number of elements to be added are
(𝒃𝟏 , 𝒃𝟏 ), (𝒃𝟐 , 𝒃𝟐 ), (𝒃𝟑 , 𝒃𝟑 ), (𝒃𝟐 , 𝒃𝟑 ), (𝒃𝟑 , 𝒃𝟐 )

OR (iii) (b) One-one and onto function

𝟐
𝒙𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟒𝒚. let𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝟒
𝒙𝟏 𝟐 𝒙𝟏 𝟐
Let 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 ∈ [𝟎, 𝟐𝟎√𝟐] such that 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 ) = 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 ) ⇒ =
𝟒 𝟒 1
⇒ 𝒙𝟏 𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 𝟐 ⇒ (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )(𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝟎 ⇒ 𝒙𝟏 = 𝒙𝟐 as 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 ∈ [𝟎, 𝟐𝟎√𝟐]
∴ 𝒇 is one-one function
Now, 𝟎 ≤ 𝒚 ≤ 𝟐𝟎𝟎 hence the value of 𝒚 is non-negative
and 𝒇(𝟐√𝒚) = 𝒚
∴ for any arbitrary 𝒚 ∈ [𝟎, 𝟐𝟎𝟎], the pre-image of 𝒚 exists in [𝟎, 𝟐𝟎√𝟐] 1
hence 𝒇 is onto function.
38. Let E1 be the event that one parrot and one owl flew from cage –I

𝐸2 be the event that two parrots flew from Cage-I

A be the event that the owl is still in cage-I

(i) Total ways for A to happen

From cage I 1 parrot and 1 owl flew and then from Cage-II 1 parrot and 1 owl
flew back + From cage I 1 parrot and 1 owl flew and then from Cage-II 2 parrots
flew back + From cage I 2 parrots flew and then from Cage-II 2 parrots came
1
back.
2
=(5𝐶1 × 1𝐶1 )(7𝐶1 × 1𝐶1 ) + (5𝐶1 × 1𝐶1 )(7𝐶2 ) + (5𝐶2 )(8𝐶2 )
Probability that the owl is still in cage –I = P(𝐸1 ∩ 𝐴) + P(𝐸2 ∩ 𝐴)
(5𝐶1 × 1𝐶1 )(7𝐶1 × 1𝐶1 ) + (5𝐶2 )(8𝐶2 ) 1
(5𝐶1 × 1𝐶1 )(7𝐶1 × 1𝐶1 ) + (5𝐶1 × 1𝐶1 )(7𝐶2 ) + (5𝐶2 )(8𝐶2 )
35 + 280 315 3 1
= = =
35 + 105 + 280 420 4 2

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(i) The probability that one parrot and the owl flew from Cage-I to Cage-II given 1
2
that the owl is still in cage-I is 𝑃 (𝐸1⁄𝐴)
1
𝐸 P(𝐸1 ∩ 𝐴)
𝑃 ( 1⁄𝐴) = P(𝐸1 ∩ 𝐴)+P(𝐸2 ∩ 𝐴)
(by Baye’s Theorem) 2

35
420 1
= 315 = 1
9
420

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