Expository Writing (EWRT-101) 1 Unit 01

UNIT
01 SELF-REFLECTION

WEEK 1

Expository Writing
Expository writing is used to convey factual information. It is the
language of learning and understanding the world around us. If you've ever
read an encyclopedia entry, a how-to article on a website, or a chapter in a
textbook, then you've encountered examples of expository writing.
Expository writing is everywhere in everyday life, not just academic
settings, as it's present anytime there's information to be conveyed. It can take
form in an academic paper, an article for a newspaper, a report for a business,
or even book-length nonfiction. It explains, informs, and describes.

Types of Expository Writing

In composition studies, expository writing is one of the four traditional
modes of discourse. It may include elements of narration, description and
argumentation. Unlike creative or persuasive writing, which can appeal to
emotions and use anecdotes, expository writing's primary purpose is to deliver
information about an issue, subject, method, or idea using facts.
Exposition may take one of several forms:
1. Descriptive/definition: In this style of writing, topics are defined by
characteristics, traits, and examples. An encyclopedia entry is a kind of
descriptive essay.
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2. Process/sequential: This essay outlines a series of steps needed in

order to complete a task or produce something. A recipe at the end of an
article in a food magazine is one example.
3. Comparative/contrast: This kind of exposition is used to demonstrate
how two or more subjects are the same and different. An article that
explains the difference between owning and renting a home and the
benefits and drawbacks of each is one such an example.
4. Cause/effect: This kind of essay describes how one step leads to a
result. An example is a personal blog chronicling a workout regimen and
documenting the results over time.
5. Problem/solution: This type of essay presents a problem and possible
solutions, backed by data and facts, not just opinion.
6. Classification: A classification essay breaks down a broad topic into
categories or groupings.

INTRODUCTION TO THE BASICS OF THE WRITING PROCESS

College may look and feel similar to high school, and, for the most part,
you already know how to perform your student role within this setting.
However, there are some fundamental differences. The most obvious ones are
that high school is mandatory (to a certain point), freely available, and a legal
right. They have to offer you the opportunity, regardless of your grades.
College, on the other hand, is optional, costly, and performance-based.
Most institutions will dismiss you if your grades don’t meet a certain minimum.
But college is different in more subtle ways as well, including ways in which
you’re expected to behave as an independent thinker and learner.

The Writing Process

Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps: prewriting,
drafting, revising, and editing. It is known as a recursive process. While you are
revising, you might have to return to the prewriting step to develop and expand your
ideas.
Prewriting
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1. Prewriting is anything you do before you write a draft of your document.

It includes thinking, taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming,
outlining, and gathering information (e.g., interviewing people,
researching in the library, assessing data).
2. Although prewriting is the first activity you engage in, generating ideas
is an activity that occurs throughout the writing process.

Drafting
1. Drafting occurs when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs.
Here you concentrate upon explaining and supporting your ideas fully.
Here you also begin to connect your ideas. Regardless of how much
thinking and planning you do, the process of putting your ideas in words
changes them; often the very words you select evoke additional ideas or
implications.

2. Don’t pay attention to such things as spelling at this stage.

3. This draft tends to be writer-centered: it is you telling yourself what you
know and think about the topic.

Revising
1. Revision is the key to effective documents. Here you think more deeply
about your readers’ needs and expectations. The document becomes
reader-centered. How much support will each idea need to convince
your readers? Which terms should be defined for these particular
readers? Is your organization effective? Do readers need to know X
before they can understand Y?
2. At this stage you also refine your prose, making each sentence as concise
and accurate as possible. Make connections between ideas explicit and
clear.

Editing
1. Check for such things as grammar, mechanics, and spelling. The last
thing you should do before printing your document is to spell check it.
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2. Don’t edit your writing until the other steps in the writing process are
complete.
The writing process is something that no two people do the same way.
There is no "right way" or "wrong way" to write. It can be a very messy and
fluid process, and the following is only a representation of commonly used
steps.

INTRODUCTION TO THE STEPS OF ESSAY WRITING

An academic essay is a focused piece of writing that develops an idea or
argument using evidence, analysis and interpretation.
There are many types of essays you might write as a student. The
content and length of an essay depends on your level, subject of study, and
course requirements. However, most essays at university level are
argumentative: they aim to persuade the reader of a particular position or
perspective on a topic.
The essay writing process consists of three main stages:
1. Preparation: Decide on your topic, do your research, and create an
essay outline.
2. Writing: Set out your argument in the introduction, develop it with
evidence in the main body, and wrap it up with a conclusion.
3. Revision: Check the content, organization, grammar, spelling, and
formatting of your essay.
In this guide, we walk you through what to include in the introduction,
body and conclusion of an academic essay, using paragraphs from our
interactive essay example.

Essay writing process

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The writing process of preparation, writing, and revisions applies to

every essay or paper, but the time and effort spent on each stage depends on
the type of essay.
For example, if you’ve been assigned a five-paragraph expository essay
for a high school class, you’ll probably spend the most time on the writing
stage; for a college-level argumentative essay, on the other hand, you’ll need to
spend more time researching your topic and developing an original argument
before you start writing.

1. Preparation
i. Define your essay topic
ii. Do your research and gather sources
iii. Come up with a thesis
iv. Create an essay outline
2. Writing
i. Write the introduction
ii. Write the main body, organized into paragraphs
iii. Write the conclusion

3. Revision
i. Evaluate the overall organization
ii. Revise the content of each paragraph
iii. Proofread for language errors
iv. Check for plagiarism

Preparation for writing an essay

Before you start writing, you should make sure you have a clear idea of
what you want to say and how you’re going to say it. There are a few key steps
you can follow to make sure you’re prepared:
1. Understand your assignment: What is the goal of this essay? What is
the length and deadline of the assignment? Is there anything you need to
clarify with your teacher or professor?
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2. Define a topic: If you’re allowed to choose your own topic, try to pick
something that you already know a bit about and that will hold your
interest.
3. Do your research: Read primary and secondary sources and take notes
to help you work out your position and angle on the topic. You’ll use
these as evidence for your points.
4. Come up with a thesis: The thesis is the central point or argument that
you want to make. A clear thesis is essential for a focused essay—you
should keep referring back to it as you write.
5. Create an outline: Map out the rough structure of your essay in an
outline. This makes it easier to start writing and keeps you on track as
you go.
Once you’ve got a clear idea of what you want to discuss, in what order,
and what evidence you’ll use, you’re ready to start writing.

Writing the introduction

The introduction sets the tone for your essay. It should grab the reader’s
interest and inform them of what to expect. The introduction generally
comprises 10–20% of the text.

1. Hook your reader

The first sentence of the introduction should pique your reader’s
interest and curiosity. This sentence is sometimes called the hook. It might be
an intriguing question, a surprising fact, or a bold statement emphasizing the
relevance of the topic.
Let’s say we’re writing an essay about the development of Braille (the
raised-dot reading and writing system used by visually impaired people). Our
hook can make a strong statement that about the topic:
The invention of Braille was a major turning point in the history of
disability.

2. Provide background on your topic

Next, it’s important to give context that will help your reader
understand your argument. This might involve providing background
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information, giving an overview of important academic work or debates on the

topic, and explaining difficult terms. Don’t provide too much detail in the
introduction—you can elaborate in the body of your essay.

3. Present the thesis statement

Next, you should formulate your thesis statement—the central
argument you’re going to make. The thesis statement provides focus and
signals your position on the topic. It is usually one or two sentences long. The
thesis statement for our essay on Braille could look like this:
As the first writing system designed for blind people’s needs, Braille
was a groundbreaking new accessibility tool. It not only provided practical
benefits, but also helped change the cultural status of blindness.

4. Map the structure

In longer essays, you can end the introduction by briefly describing what
will be covered in each part of the essay. This guides the reader through your
structure and gives a preview of how your argument will develop.

Writing the main body

The body of your essay is where you make arguments supporting your
thesis, provide evidence, and develop your ideas. Its purpose is to present,
interpret, and analyze the information and sources you have gathered to
support your argument.

Length of the body text

The length of the body depends on the type of essay. On average, the
body comprises 60–80% of your essay. For a high school essay, this could be
just three paragraphs, but for a graduate school essay of 6,000 words, the body
could take up 8–10 pages.

Paragraph structure
To give your essay a clear structure, it is important to organize it into
paragraphs. Each paragraph should be centered around one main point or idea.
That idea is introduced in a topic sentence. The topic sentence should
generally lead on from the previous paragraph and introduce the point to be
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made in this paragraph. Transition words can be used to create clear

connections between sentences.
After the topic sentence, present evidence such as data, examples, or
quotes from relevant sources. Be sure to interpret and explain the evidence,
and show how it helps develop your overall argument.

Conclusion
The conclusion is the final paragraph of your essay. A strong conclusion
aims to:
i. Tie together the essay’s main points
ii. Show why your argument matters
iii. Leave the reader with a strong impression
Your conclusion should give a sense of closure and completion to your
argument, but also show what new questions or possibilities it has opened up.

What not to include in a conclusion

To make your essay’s conclusion as strong as possible, there are a few
things you should avoid. The most common mistakes are:
i. Including new arguments or evidence
ii. Undermining your arguments (e.g. “This is just one approach of many”)
iii. Using concluding phrases like “To sum up…” or “In conclusion…”

STUDENTS PRACTICE PREWRITING ACTIVITIES LIKE

BRAINSTORMING, LISTING, CLUSTERING AND
FREEWRITING
Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a prewriting technique used to help generate lots of
potential ideas about a topic.
At its most basic, brainstorming is listing ideas. If you’re having trouble
coming up with a good topic for a paper, sometimes it helps to write down
every idea that occurs to you, even the bad ones, until you have a strong list
going.
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Brainstorming is useful for figuring out what you’re interested in. The
technique can take many forms, but perhaps the of them most effective is that it
draws on the power of interaction. We’ve all had those great conversations in
which someone says something that sparks an idea or memory in someone
else, which then sparks a further idea, and before you know it, everyone is
feeling energized.
You can create one of those conversations about the topic of your
paper. Just start a chat with a friend or a group about the topic and have your
pen and notebook handy. Jot down notes as the conversation progresses and
you hear ideas that spark your interest. For an essay on the women’s
movement of the 1970s, you might generate the following list by talking with
friends or calling your mother:
i. equal pay
ii. choice of career
iii. freedom
iv. purpose in society
v. valuing the “feminine”—still an issue?
vi. messages girls get now
vii. effects of the movement on men
viii. successful or not?
Another way to brainstorm is to read an article or a book chapter on the
topic and write down whatever occurs to you as you read, even if it has nothing
to do with the text. You’re interacting with the text like you might interact with
a person, letting the author ‘s ideas spark new thoughts in you.
You can also brainstorm in a group if you’re working on a writing
project with a partner or a team. Find a whiteboard, pick someone to write, and
record ideas, topics, and notes as they come up. In addition to being helpful in
finding a topic, this process can be fun and help break the ice with your fellow
students so that everyone feels as though they can share in the discussion.
Once you’ve generated a lot of ideas through brainstorming, you can
choose a few of them to do further prewriting exercises with to eventually
create your thesis statement. Perhaps the most important thing to remember
about this process is that “there are no bad ideas in brainstorming.” While this
saying is not strictly true—for example, it would be a bad idea to tackle an
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assigned essay about feminism in the 70s by writing about the life cycle of the
lunar moth—it is valuable because it helps you remember that brainstorming
isn’t about coming up with a perfect solution. It’s about considering your topic
on many levels until you find an approach you’re excited about.

Listing
Listing is a process of generating a lot of information within a short time
by generating some broad ideas and then building on those associations for
more detail. Listing is particularly useful if your starting topic is very broad and
you need to narrow it down.
i. Jot down all the possible terms that emerge from the general topic you
are working on. This procedure works especially well if you work in a
team. All team members can generate ideas, with one member acting as
scribe. Do not worry about editing or throwing out what might not be a
good idea. Simply write down as many possibilities as you can.
ii. Group the items that you have listed according to arrangements that
make sense to you. Are things thematically related?
iii. Give each group a label. Now you have a narrower topic with possible
points of development.
iv. Write a sentence about the label you have given the group of ideas. Now
you have a topic sentence or possibly a thesis statement.

Clustering
Clustering is a type of pre-writing that allows a writer to explore many
ideas as soon as they occur to them. Like brainstorming or free associating,
clustering allows a writer to begin without clear ideas.
To begin to cluster, choose a word that is central to the assignment. For
example, if a writer were writing a paper about the value of a college education,
they might choose the word "expectations" and write that word in the middle
of the sheet of paper. Circle "expectations," then write words all around it:
words that occur to the writer as they think of "expectations." It's ok if many of
these words at first seem to be random. Write quickly, circling each word, and
group words around the central word. Connect the new words to previous ones
with lines; when the writer feels they have exhausted a particular avenue of
associations, they should go back to the central word and begin again.
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For example, “no ideas” might lead the writer to consider "prewriting,"
which may in turn lead them to consider "cubing." They may then find
themselves writing down words that compare the types of prewriting
techniques that can help provoke ideas. The writer may end up asking
questions such as "Why am I struggling with this paper? What techniques do I
know of, or does the Writer’s Web have to help me?" Have fun with this
exercise; even random questions can open avenues to explore"
Some words will take the writer nowhere; with other words they may
discover that they have many related words about which to write. Random
associations eventually become patterns of logic. After completing the
clustering exercise above, a writer might realize their main difficulty is with
writing anxiety, which in turn could lead them to techniques to help build the
confidence they need to get started. Now the writer’s trouble has a focus, and
they can find solutions moving forward. Later on, if they struggle with the
structure of their paper once they start writing it, they might want to return to
such bubbles as an outline, or a well written introduction.
Clustering does not take the place of a linear, traditional outline; but, as
the example shows, it allows the writer to explore ideas before committing
them to a particular order.
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Freewriting
Freewriting, a prewriting technique, can help you break out of writer’s
block by letting your ideas flow naturally.

What Is Freewriting?
Have you ever experienced writer’s block, that frustrating feeling of
knowing what you want to say but not how to say it? Freewriting is a great way
to get away from that. It’s simple: You just write, and don’t worry about
whether or not what you’re writing is good or not—you’re just trying to get
yourself into a natural flow.
Freewriting is a great prewriting technique. It will come in handy if you
have a general topic but are not sure what you want to say about it. Get a pen
and paper (or open up a blank computer document) and set yourself a time
limit. Start writing about your general topic, recording thoughts as they come
into your mind. Do not edit as you go, or even look back at what you have
written. Just keep moving on as thoughts occur to you. The purpose of
freewriting is to develop ideas spontaneously and naturally.

STUDENT’S PRACTICE OUTLINING OF THE ESSAY

An essay outline is a plan of your academic paper, where you structurize
it and organize the main points into paragraphs so it would be easier for you to
write an essay.
You can’t write an essay without outlining. Fine, you can do that if a low
grade is okay for you to get. But those willing to craft a paper that’s worth A+
will need to create an essay outline and organize their research in one place
before writing.
This guide is here to help you:
i. understand what is a paper outline,
ii. learn how to write an essay outline,
iii. get outline examples and templates to use when crafting yours.
So, let’s a research essay outline journey begin!
 Expository Writing (EWRT-101) 13 Unit 01

What is an Essay Outline?

As you’ve already guessed it, an essay outline is a short plan of your
research paper. Here you write down the main idea of your essay and
structurize all arguments into paragraphs to make sure you won’t miss
anything while writing.
Sure enough, you can write an essay without outlining it. But it will be
challenging to do. Outlining is an essential part of the writing process, and all
authors do it for their works to impress readers.
Here’s why you need an essay outline:
i. It will help you organize thoughts: when you research the data for your
essay, you get tons of information that’s hard to remember.
ii. You’ll understand the information flow and will be able to structurize it
accordingly.
iii. It will help you not to miss anything while writing your essay because
you’ll have a ready manuscript of your paper.
That said, an outline will help you write academic works better and
faster. And while our writers are always here to help, it can’t hurt to learn how
to write an outline for an essay by your own, right?

How to Write an Essay Outline

While college essay types are many, the common structure for most of
them is five-paragraph. Each essay needs Introduction, Body (paragraphs with
arguments), and Conclusion; so, a general format of your essay outline will
include all these components.
When outlining your essay, keep them in mind so you wouldn’t miss any
arguments, evidence, and examples while writing.

Key Parts of an Essay

Put them all into your essay outline:
i. Introduction. Here you’ll mention the topic of your essay and its thesis.
As you know, essays can’t live without a thesis; so, a thesis statement in
your outline will help you support it in each paragraph of your essay
body.
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ii. Body paragraphs. There will be a minimum three paragraphs in your

essay’s body, so make sure to include each one in the outline. For each
paragraph, write down a topic sentence with an argument relating to
your thesis and mention all the support: data, facts, examples, and other
evidence you’ll use to prove the topic sentence of this paragraph.
iii. Conclusion. Wrap up your essay here. Restate your thesis and
summarize the goal of your paper.
In general, your essay outline will look like this:

I. Introduction
a) Introduce a topic
b) State a thesis

II. Body. Paragraph-1

a) Write a topic sentence (the argument for your thesis)
b) Support this argument: data, facts, examples
c) Explain how they relate to your thesis

III. Body. Paragraph-2

a) Write a topic sentence (another argument for your thesis)
b) Support this argument: data, facts, examples
c) Explain how they relate to your thesis

IV. Body. Paragraph-3

a) Write a topic sentence (another argument for your thesis, or a
counterargument)
b) Support this argument, or explain why the counterargument doesn’t
work: data, facts, examples
c) Explain how they relate to your thesis

V. Conclusion
a) Summarize all main points
b) Restate your thesis
c) Add a call to action: what you want readers to do after reading your
essay
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Outline Format
As a rule, students use the linear style when formatting their essay
outlines. It means they rank arguments in order of their importance – from
major to minor ones.
Remember: your research essay outline doesn’t have to include the
complete sentences. It’s only an outline, so feel free to format arguments
and evidence the way it seems most comfortable and understandable for
you. Just make sure it’s visually clear and allows you to see if some
sections are repetitive or redundant. It will help to avoid duplications in
your essay.

Another point to consider

While you are familiar with a given essay topic, it doesn’t mean your
readers are. So format your outline accordingly: assume that some people
know nothing about it when preparing arguments and arranging them in a
logical order.

Essay Outline Template

Templates can help you get a better idea of essay outlining. It’s a great
way to organize thoughts and determine the order in which you’ll represent
them to readers. So, make a list of the sections in your paper and fill in the
corresponding example, depending on your essay type.

Persuasive Essay Outline Example

A persuasive essay is a type of academic writing where you use logic and
arguments to convince readers of your point of view, using solid evidence such
as research, stating facts, examples, and quotes from experts.

Narrative Essay Outline Example

A narrative essay is one in which you tell a story from your point of view
or personal experience, providing specific and sensory details to get readers
involved and understand your point.

Expository Essay Outline Example

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An expository essay is a type of academic writing where you investigate

the topic by evaluating the evidence and expounding the idea to describe,
explain, and provide the information to a reader.

Research Essay Outline Example

A research essay is a type of academic paper where you need to analyze
the works of others on a given topic and synthesize them with your own ideas
on it. In other words, you analyze what others have to say on the topic, argue
their points, and present own ideas backed up with that information.

How to Make an Outline: The Process

As a rule, the only detail bothering those asking how to make an outline
for an essay is the process itself. Students understand that an essay outline
needs to specify all the main points and arguments of their future paper, but
they still find it challenging to create.
More than that, professors may ask you to submit an essay outline for
their review. That’s why the skills of planning your papers will come in handy
anyway. To learn the secrets of effective outline writing, you’ll need to know
what to do before outlining, what essay outline structure to choose for your
work, and how to organize your outline so it would be as informative as
possible.
Here’s how to outline an essay:
First and foremost, read your writing assignment carefully. Make sure
you understand what essay type you need to write, how many arguments to
use (except as noted), and how long your essay needs to be.
Answer the question, “What’s the purpose of your essay?” Do you want
to inform readers, persuade, or just entertain them? Depending on the goal,
you’ll know what thesis to consider, what writing techniques to use, and how to
visualize research in your paper.
Identify the audience. Yes, it’s a teacher who reads and evaluates your
work; but whom do you want to read your essay? Do you write for classmates?
Strangers? What do they know about your topic? Would they agree with your
thesis? How might they react to your information?
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Depending on that, you’ll understand what arguments might work for

your essay. It will also help you decide on resources to use for research and
evidence to choose for your arguments. Consider credible sources such as
Google Scholar or Oxford Academic to find references for your essay; take notes
of them to use in your outline.
State your thesis so you could see what topic sentences to outline for
your essay. A thesis needs to be arguable and provide enough details to hook
readers so they would get them emotionally involved in your writing.
Once a thesis is ready, start structuring your essay outline.

Choose an Essay Outline Structure

From the above templates and examples, you’ve got a general idea of the
basic structure for your essay outline. We used a standard alphanumeric
structure there, but you can also use a decimal one for your outline to show
how your ideas are related.
An alphanumeric outline is the most common one, but you are welcome
to use a decimal outline structure if it seems clearer and more comfortable for
you. Also, feel free to use complete sentences or just brief phrases for each
section of your essay outline.
However, if you need to submit it to a professor for a review, use
sentences. It will help him understand the arguments and evidence you are
going to use in your essay.

Organize Your Outline

For all others, start with outlining your introduction. Write a
sentence about your topic and introduce your thesis. You can also mention an
essay hook here – a sentence you’ll use to make the audience interested in
reading your work.
Outline your essay body: write down a topic sentence for each
paragraph, provide supporting evidence you’ll use when writing, and mention
how they’ll relate to the topic and your thesis. The more details you outline, the
easier it will be to organize all the thoughts while writing.
Also, you can write a transition sentence for each paragraph so it would
be faster to structure and band all arguments.
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Finally, outline your essay conclusion. Restate your thesis and write a
concluding statement, aka a sentence addressing the importance of your thesis
and proposing solutions to the problem you addressed in the essay.

It’s a Wrap!
Essays are many, and you need to write all of them in school and college.
Persuasive, expository, narrative – their basic structure is the same but with
tiny differences identifying their specifications and your knowledge of
academic writing. Understanding those differences and outlining your writings
accordingly is your chance to craft perfect works that get high grades.
An essay outline is what you need to organize the information and not
miss anything while writing. When you know how to write an essay outline,
you create papers better and faster. You keep in mind all essay components.
You develop critical thinking. And you become a better writer.

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MCQ’S

1. All of these are types of essays, except?

A. Narrative essay
B. Personal essay✔
C. Argumentative essay
D. Descriptive essay

2. The introductory paragraph of an essay requires the topic, thesis and

A. main ideas✔
B. supporting details
C. both a and b
D. a and b

3. An essay is a
A. song with a novel or a story
B. poem that has multiple stanzas
C. some kind of writing that has organized paragraphs✔
D. some kind of writing that requires research

4. Which of the following essays describes a subject?

A. Narrative essays
B. Reflective essays
C. Argumentative essays
D. Expository essays✔

5. A good essay has the characteristics except?

A. Fakeness✔
B. Dignified style
C. Brevity
D. Personal touch
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6. Which of the following is the essay that uses to increase the imagery of
the setting? The five senses means the sense of taste, sound, touch, smell,
and sight.
A. Narrative essays
B. Expository essays
C. Descriptive essays✔
D. Argumentative essays
7. Which of the following essay tells a Story?
A. Argumentative essay
B. Descriptive essay
C. Reflective essay
D. Narrative essay✔

8. Which of the followings essays are a set of one’s thoughts.

A. Reflective✔
B. Expository
C. Argumentative
D. Narrative
9. A good write must avoid in a good essay?
A. Brevity
B. Dignified words
C. Slang✔
D. Unity

10. The writer concludes by logical reasoning in ________ essays.

A. Narrative essays
B. Reflective essays
C. Argumentative essays✔
D. Descriptive essays

11. Most important work of teacher is

A. To organize teaching work✔
B. To deliver lecture in class
C. To take care of children
D. To evaluate the students
12. A teacher should be
A. Honest
B. Diligent
C. Dutiful✔
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D. Punctual

Short Questions

Q. What is Expository Writing?

Ans: Expository writing is used to convey factual information. It is the language
of learning and understanding the world around us. If you've ever read an
encyclopedia entry, a how-to article on a website, or a chapter in a textbook,
then you've encountered examples of expository writing.

Q. What is Drafting?
Ans: Drafting occurs when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs.
Here you concentrate upon explaining and supporting your ideas fully. Here
you also begin to connect your ideas. Regardless of how much thinking and
planning you do, the process of putting your ideas in words changes them;
often the very words you select evoke additional ideas or implications.

Q. What is Revising?
Ans: Revision is the key to effective documents. Here you think more deeply
about your readers’ needs and expectations. The document becomes reader-
centered. How much support will each idea need to convince your readers?
Which terms should be defined for these particular readers? Is your
organization effective? Do readers need to know X before they can understand
Y?

Q. What are the Steps of the Writing Process?

Ans: The writing process looks different for everyone, but there are five basic
steps that will help you structure your time when writing any kind of text.
Step 1: Prewriting
Step 2: Planning and outlining
Step 3: Writing a first draft
Step 4: Redrafting and revising
 Expository Writing (EWRT-101) 22 Unit 01

Step 5: Editing and proofreading

Q. What not to include in a conclusion of essay?

Ans: To make your essay’s conclusion as strong as possible, there are a few
things you should avoid. The most common mistakes are:
i. Including new arguments or evidence
ii. Undermining your arguments (e.g. “This is just one approach of many”)
iii. Using concluding phrases like “To sum up…” or “In conclusion…”

Q. What is listing in writing process?

Ans: Listing is a process of generating a lot of information within a short time
by generating some broad ideas and then building on those associations for
more detail. Listing is particularly useful if your starting topic is very broad and
you need to narrow it down.

Q. What is clustering?
Ans: Clustering is a type of pre-writing that allows a writer to explore many
ideas as soon as they occur to them. Like brainstorming or free associating,
clustering allows a writer to begin without clear ideas.

Q. What is an Essay Outline?

Ans: As you’ve already guessed it, an essay outline is a short plan of your
research paper. Here you write down the main idea of your essay and
structurize all arguments into paragraphs to make sure you won’t miss
anything while writing.

Q: How to Write an Essay Outline?

Ans: While college essay types are many, the common structure for most of
them is five-paragraph. Each essay needs Introduction, Body, and Conclusion;
so, a general format of your essay outline will include all these components.
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