FA Urinary Tract System
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1. Email *
2. 1. Which of the following is the most common cause of urinary tract infections *
(UTIs)?
Mark only one oval.
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Escherichia coli
C. Proteus mirabilis
D. Klebsiella pneumoniae
Other:
3. 2. A 65-year-old male presents with hematuria, dysuria, and urgency. He has a *
history of smoking. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Mark only one oval.
A. Acute cystitis
B. Bladder cancer
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Renal cell carcinoma
Other:
4. 3. Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and infection *
of the renal parenchyma?
Mark only one oval.
A. Acute glomerulonephritis
B. Pyelonephritis
C. Cystitis
D. Nephrolithiasis
Other:
5. 4. In which of the following conditions is there a thickening of the bladder wall due *
to chronic inflammation and fibrosis?
Mark only one oval.
A. Chronic cystitis
B. Acute cystitis
C. Bladder cancer
D. Nephrolithiasis
Other:
6. 5. Which of the following is the most common cause of nephrolithiasis? *
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A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyperuricemia
C. Hypocitraturia
D. All of the above
Other:
7. 6. What is the most common type of kidney stone? *
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A. Calcium oxalate
B. Uric acid
C. Struvite
D. Cystine
Other:
8. 7. A 45-year-old woman presents with sudden-onset severe flank pain, hematuria, *
and nausea. Imaging shows a stone in the renal pelvis. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
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A. Pyelonephritis
B. Nephrolithiasis
C. Renal cell carcinoma
D. Ureteral obstruction
Other:
9. 8. Which of the following is the most common benign renal tumor? *
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A. Angiomyolipoma
B. Renal cell carcinoma
C. Oncocytoma
D. Wilm's tumor
Other:
10. 9. A 2-year-old child presents with abdominal mass, hematuria, and hypertension. *
Imaging reveals a large mass in the kidney. Which of the following is the most
likely diagnosis?
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A. Renal cell carcinoma
B. Wilm’s tumor
C. Neuroblastoma
D. Hydronephrosis
Other:
11. 10. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of nephrotic syndrome? *
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A. Hematuria
B. Proteinuria
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Other:
12. 11. Which of the following is a common cause of acute renal failure in *
hospitalized patients?
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A. Chronic glomerulonephritis
B. Acute tubular necrosis
C. Polycystic kidney disease
D. Nephrolithiasis
Other:
13. 12. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause pre-renal acute *
kidney injury?
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A. Acute glomerulonephritis
B. Hemorrhagic shock
C. Chronic interstitial nephritis
D. Polycystic kidney disease
Other:
14. 13. Which of the following is a common cause of chronic kidney disease? *
Mark only one oval.
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Acute pyelonephritis
C. Renal cell carcinoma
D. Nephrolithiasis
15. 14. What is the primary abnormality in polycystic kidney disease? *
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A. Increased glomerular filtration rate
B. Formation of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
C. Decreased renal blood flow
D. Progressive glomerulosclerosis
Other:
16. 15. The most common cause of hematuria in children is: *
Mark only one oval.
A. Acute glomerulonephritis
B. Trauma
C. Urinary tract infection
D. IgA nephropathy
Other:
17. 16. A patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with peripheral *
edema, proteinuria, and elevated serum creatinine. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
Mark only one oval.
A. Nephrotic syndrome
B. Acute tubular necrosis
C. Chronic kidney disease
D. Renal cell carcinoma
Other:
18. 17. A 30-year-old woman presents with hematuria, proteinuria, and a "butterfly- *
shaped" facial rash. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Mark only one oval.
A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
B. Goodpasture syndrome
C. IgA nephropathy
D. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Other:
19. 18. Which of the following is the hallmark of acute glomerulonephritis? *
Mark only one oval.
A. Nephrotic syndrome
B. Hematuria
C. Renal failure
D. Hypercalcemia
Other:
20. 19. Which of the following is the most common pathogen responsible for *
pyelonephritis?
Mark only one oval.
A. Escherichia coli
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. Proteus mirabilis
D. Klebsiella pneumoniae
Other:
21. 20. A patient presents with pain during urination, increased urinary frequency, and *
fever. Urinalysis reveals pyuria and bacteriuria. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Mark only one oval.
A. Acute pyelonephritis
B. Acute cystitis
C. Nephrolithiasis
D. Bladder cancer
Other:
22. 21. Which of the following is associated with a higher risk of bladder cancer? *
Mark only one oval.
A. Smoking
Diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
High sodium diet
Other:
23. 22. A 24-year-old woman presents with fever, back pain, and dysuria. Urinalysis *
reveals white blood cells and bacteria. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis?
Mark only one oval.
A. Acute cystitis
B. Pyelonephritis
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Renal cell carcinoma
Other:
24. 23. Which of the following is a common complication of untreated chronic *
pyelonephritis?
Mark only one oval.
A. Renal scarring
B. Acute renal failure
C. Hematuria
D. Nephrotic syndrome
Other:
25. 24. Which of the followin gyg is a characteristic feature of nephritic syndrome? *
Mark only one oval.
A. Proteinuria
B. Edema
C. Hematuria
D. Hyperlipidemia
Other:
26. 25. In which of the following conditions is there a high risk of developing renal cell *
carcinoma?
Mark only one oval.
A. Polycystic kidney disease
B. Chronic glomerulonephritis
C. Nephrolithiasis
D. End-stage renal disease
Other:
27. 26. Which of the following is a typical sign of nephrolithiasis? *
Mark only one oval.
A. Flank pain and hematuria
B. Bilateral edema and proteinuria
C. Fever and chills
D. Palpable abdominal mass
Other:
28. 27. A 50-year-old male presents with dark-colored urine, elevated creatinine, and a *
history of recent upper respiratory infection. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Mark only one oval.
A. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
B. Acute tubular necrosis
C. Chronic kidney disease
D. Nephrolithiasis
Other:
29. 28. What is the most common type of bladder cancer? *
Mark only one oval.
A. Transitional cell carcinoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Adenocarcinoma
D. Small cell carcinoma
Other:
30. 29. Which of the following is a potential cause of prerenal acute kidney injury? *
Mark only one oval.
A. Renal artery stenosis
B. Acute tubular necrosis
C. Obstruction of the urinary tract
D. Glomerulonephritis
Other:
31. 30. A patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with rapidly *
worsening renal function. On biopsy, there is deposition of IgG and C3 in the
glomerular basement membrane. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Mark only one oval.
A. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
B. Diabetic nephropathy
C. Membranous nephropathy
D. Minimal change disease
Other:
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