UNIT 4.
Polygon Mesh
A polygon mesh is a mathematical representation of a 3D object. It is composed of a set of
vertices, edges, and faces that define the shape of the object. A vertex is a single point in 3D
space, an edge is a line connecting two vertices, and a face is a closed loop of edges. The faces
are usually triangles or quadrilaterals, and can be used to represent curved surfaces or other
complex shapes.
Implicit Curves
Implicit curve representations define the set of points on a curve by employing a procedure that
can test to see if a point in on the curve. Usually, an implicit curve is defined by an implicit
function of the form −
F(x, y) = 0
It can represent multivalued
the circle, whose implicit representation is
x2 + y2 - R2 = 0
Explicit Curves
A mathematical function y = f(x) can be plotted as a curve. Such a function is the explicit
representation of the curve. The explicit representation is not general, since it cannot represent
vertical lines and is also single-valued. For each value of x, only a single value of y is normally
computed by the function.
Parametric Curves
Curves having parametric form are called parametric curves. The explicit and implicit curve
representations can be used only when the function is known. In practice the parametric curves
are used. A two-dimensional parametric curve has the following form −
The functions f and g become the coordinates of any point on the curve, and the points are
obtained when the parameter t is varied over a certain interval [a, b], normally [0, 1].
(x, y)= v
Here x, y value expressed in term third entity. That is parameter value.
So according to definition called parametric Curve.
Different types of curves are Simple, Quadratic, and Cubic.
1. Simple curve: Simple bezier curve is a straight line from the point.
Simple
2. Quadratic curve: Quadratic bezier curve is determined by three control points.
Quadratic
3. Cubic curve: The cubic bezier curve is determined by four control points.
cubic
Solid Modeling A mathematical technique for representing solid objects is called solid modeling. Solid
modeling is a type of 3D CAD process that represents the volume of an object, not just its lines and
surfaces. Model Contains edges and vertices,
Exterior surfaces, and interior details Part is unambiguously defined
May be used for engineering analysis
Why Solid Modeling? Recall weakness of wireframe and surface
modeling Ambiguous geometric description
incomplete geometric description
lack topological information
Tedious modeling process
Awkward user interface
Solid Object Definition Points where distance to the object and the object’s complement is Boundary
points
zero All the other points in the object Interior points
Union of interior points and boundary point Closure
Solid model representation scheme Sweep representations
. Boundary representations (B-reps)
Spatial-partitioning representations
Binary Space Partitioning Trees (BSP)
Octree representation
Sweep Representation
Sweep Representation Sweep representation are useful for constructing 3D objects that possess
translation, rotation, or other symmetries. We can represent such objects by specifying a 2D shape and a
sweep that moves the shape through a region of space. A set of 2D primitives such as circles and
rectangles, can be provided for sweep representation as menu options.
