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Introduction To Graph Theory

The document introduces Graph Theory, a branch of discrete mathematics focused on the study of graphs, which consist of nodes and edges. It covers basic terminology, types of graphs, representation methods, traversal techniques, and various applications in fields like computer networks and biology. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of Graph Theory as a powerful tool for problem-solving across multiple disciplines.

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zdeshmukh26
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50 views9 pages

Introduction To Graph Theory

The document introduces Graph Theory, a branch of discrete mathematics focused on the study of graphs, which consist of nodes and edges. It covers basic terminology, types of graphs, representation methods, traversal techniques, and various applications in fields like computer networks and biology. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of Graph Theory as a powerful tool for problem-solving across multiple disciplines.

Uploaded by

zdeshmukh26
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

to Graph
Theory
BY ZEENAT DESHMUKH
FYBCA -D
PRN-220105011417
Agenda
• What is Graph Theory?
• Basic Terminology
• Types of Graphs
• Graph Representation
• Graph Traversals
• Applications of Graph Theory
• Conclusion
What is Graph Theory?
• Graph Theory: Branch of discrete mathematics
• Focuses on the study of graphs
• Graph: A mathematical structure composed of
nodes (vertices) and connections (edges)
• Widely used to solve real-world problems
Basic Terminology
• Vertex/Node: Represents an • Degree of a vertex: Number
entity in the graph of edges incident to a vertex

• Edge: Represents a • Path: Sequence of vertices


connection between vertices connected by edges

• Adjacent vertices: Vertices • Cycle: Path that starts and


ends at the same vertex
connected by an edge
Types of Graph
• Undirected Graph: Edges have no direction
• Directed Graph (Digraph): Edges have a specific direction
• Weighted Graph: Assigns a weight to each edge
• Bipartite Graph: Vertices can be divided into two independent sets
• Complete Graph: All vertices are directly connected to each other
Graph Representation
• Adjacency Matrix: Square matrix representing
connections between vertices
• Adjacency List: List of vertices and their adjacent
vertices
• Incidence Matrix: Matrix representing which edges
are connected to which vertices
Graph Traversals
DEPTH-FIRST SEARCH (DFS) BREADTH-FIRST SEARCH (BFS)

Visits vertices as far as Visits vertices in layers,


possible before exploring all neighbors
backtracking before moving to the
next layer
Applications of Graph Theory
• Computer Networks: Routing • Internet and Web: Web
algorithms crawling, page ranking algorithms
• Social Networks: Analysis of • Operations Research:
connections between individuals Optimization problems,
scheduling
• Transportation Networks:
Optimal route planning • Biology: Protein interaction
networks, gene expression
analysis
Conclusion
• Graph Theory is a powerful mathematical tool.
• Provides a framework for understanding and solving problems.
• Widely applicable in various fields, including computer science,
social sciences, and biology.
• Further exploration and research in graph theory can lead to new
insights and solutions.

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