1.

Also known as Rizal Law

• RA 1425
2. What day was the Rizal Law established by President Ramon Magsaysay?
• June 12, 1956
3. The senator who established the Rizal Law
• Senator Claro M. Recto
4. The purpose of the Rizal Law
• Rekindle the flame of nationalism in the hearts of the Filipino
5. Criteria in choosing National Hero
• Filipino citizen
• Patriot/Nationalist
• Has already been dead
6. Full name of Jose Rizal
• Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
7. Jose Rizal
• Father of Filipino Nationalism
8. RA 1425
• a Philippine law that requires all educational institutions in the Philippines to offer
courses about José Rizal.
9. An ideology that emphasizes loyalty and devotion to a nation or nation-state
- Nationalism
10. Patriotism
• A sense of pride in one's country
11. Nation defined by Benedick Anderson
• Imagine community. Why the nation is group of people with same culture, traits
similarities. Oneness as Filipino, belonging to one nation.
12. Types of Nationalism
• Civic Nationalism - Political issues in civilization, well of people.
• Territorial Nationalism - Similarities include culture
• Socialist - a person who believes industries should be publicly owned.
• Fascism - characterized by a dictatorial leader
• Imperialism - A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy
or military force.
• Ethno-nationalism - support for the political interests of a particular ethnic group,
especially its national
• Expansionist - person who favors expanding the territory or influence of a country.
• Globalism - The idea that the world is becoming increasingly interconnected
13. Levels of nationalism
• Passive and Active
14. Passive Nationalism
• An awareness of a common bond among people
15. Active Nationalism
• is a reaction to a threat to the nation, and can awaken passive nationalism.
16. State hold
• Government and other institutions
17. 11 Social Cancers during Rizal's time.
• Instability of Colonial Administration
- From 1835 to 1897, the Philippines was ruled by 50 governors general, each
serving an average term of only one year and three months. There was one time –
from December 1853 to November 1854 – a period of less than a year, there were
four governors general.
To illustrate the instability of Spanish politics and its inimical effect:
- In the year 1850 a Spanish jurist, who was appointed oidor (magistrate) of the Royal
Audiencia of Manila
- left Madrid with his whole family and took the longer route via Cape of Good Hope
- arriving in Manila after about six months.
- Much to his surprise, he found out that another jurist was already occupying his
position.
- During the six months when he was leisurely cruising at the sea, the ministry which
appointed him fell in Madrid, and the succeeding ministry named his successor.
- And this new jurist travelled faster, taking the short route via the Isthmus of Suez and
reached Manila earlier.
• Corrupt officialdom
- colonial officials sent by Spain to the Philippines were a highly corrupt, incompetent,
cruel and venal.
• No Philippine Representation in the Spanish Cortez
- Spain granted the Philippines representation in the Cortes (Spanish parliament) to
gain support during the Napoleonic invasion. The Philippines had its first period of
representation from 1810 to 1813, with Ventura de los Reyes being the first Philippine
delegate to participate in the 1812 Constitution. However, representation was
abolished in 1837 to cover corruption and abuses, leading to poor representation and
atrocities committed by Spanish colonizers. Philippine representation was never
restored until 1898.
• Human rights denied to Filipinos
- While Spaniards in Spain enjoyed fundamental human rights like freedom of speech
and the press, these were denied to Filipinos under Spanish rule. The Cry of
Pugadlawin symbolized resistance against this oppression, as the cedula (residence
 tax) represented Spanish tyranny. Efforts like La Solidaridad aimed to advocate for
Filipino rights but were suppressed by the Spanish government, which refused to
acknowledge such claims.
• No equality before the law
- Spaniards viewed Filipinos as inferior and treated them as second-class citizens. The
Spanish Penal Code imposed harsher punishments on Filipinos while favoring
Spaniards. Colonial authorities abused and discriminated against native Filipinos,
contradicting the Christian values they claimed to follow.
• Maladministration of justice
- the Philippine justice system was corrupt and biased. Filipinos faced unfair treatment
in court, where justice was costly, slow, and often inaccessible. Judges were
incompetent, and wealth, social status, and skin color determined case outcomes.
Spaniards frequently escaped punishment, while Filipinos faced harsh penalties.
• Racial discrimination
- Filipinos were subjected to racism under Spanish rule, being called Indios and
considered inferior. Jose Rizal himself experienced discrimination, and in response,
he and others mockingly referred to pale-skinned Spaniards as bangus (milkfish).
• Frailocracy
- Spanish friars, including Augustinians, Dominicans, and Franciscans, held significant
political, religious, and educational power in the Philippines. They controlled towns and
manipulated people through corrupt practices, except in Islamic Mindanao, Sulu, and
remote areas.
• Forced labor
- Polo y Servicio was a labor system forcing Filipino males aged 16–60 to work on
public projects like churches, schools, and roads. They worked 40 days a year for only
50 centavos, later reduced to 15 days for older workers.
• Haciendas owned by the friars
- Spanish friars were among the richest landlords, owning vast agricultural lands. Rural
Filipinos, who had lived on these lands for generations, were often displaced and
exploited by the friars.
• Guardia Civil
18. Reasons/factors why Philippine nationalism was delayed
1. Geographical Location - The Philippines' islands and its mountainous made it harder
for Filipinos to unite as one nation.
2. Transportation & Communication - Poor systems made it difficult for Filipinos to
connect and spread nationalist ideas.
3. Language Barrier (Lingua Franca) - the absence of a common language among
Filipinos, who spoke various regional dialects
4. Passports (isolation, not as one nation) - Spaniards required passports for travel,
keeping Filipinos divided and weakening nationalism.
19. Causes of the rise of Philippine Nationalism
1. Opening of ports (Entering world trade & market)
2. Umusbong ang middle class
3. Impact of European Liberalism (Ideologies)
4. Racial Prejudice
5. Secularization Controversy
6. Liberal Regime (1869-1971 Dela torre)
7. Cavity Munity (Execution of GOMBORZA, garrote)

20. General Rafael de Izquirdo

- Responsible for the execution of GOMBORZA.
21. GOMBORZA Martyrs: Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora.
22.