LAB 1

LAB 1 SOLVED EXERCISE:

Write an ARM assembly language program to copy 32 bit data from code
memory to data memory.
AREA Reset, DATA, READONLY
EXPORT __Vectors
__Vectors
DCD 0x10001000
DCD Reset_Handler
ALIGN
AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY
ENTRY
EXPORT Reset_Handler

Reset_Handler
LDR R0, =SRC
LDR R1, =DST
LDR R3, [R0]
STR R3, [R1]
STOP
B STOP
SRC DCD 8
AREA mydata, DATA, READWRITE
DST DCD 0
END
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

LAB 1 Lab Exercises:

1. Write an ARM assembly language program to transfer a 32 bit number from
one location in the data memory to another location in the data memory.

AREA Reset, DATA, READONLY

EXPORT __Vectors

__Vectors
 DCD 0x10001000

DCD Reset_Handler

ALIGN

AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY

EXPORT Reset_Handler

Reset_Handler

LDR R0, =SRC

LDR R1, =DST

LDR R3, [R0]

STR R3, [R1]

STOP

B STOP

AREA mydata1, DATA, READONLY

SRC DCD 8

AREA mydata2, DATA, READWRITE

DST DCD 0

END

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

LAB 1 Lab Exercises:

2. A)_ Write an ARM assembly language program to transfer block of ten 32 bit
numbers from one location to another when the source and destination
blocks are non-overlapping (from code memory to data memory)

AREA Reset, DATA, READONLY

EXPORT __Vectors

__Vectors
 DCD 0x10001000

DCD Reset_Handler

ALIGN

AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY

EXPORT Reset_Handler

Reset_Handler

LDR R0, =SRC

LDR R1, =DST

MOV R3, #10

UP

LDR R4, [R0], #4

STR R4, [R1], #4

SUB R3, #1

BNE UP

STOP

B STOP

SRC DCD 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

AREA mydata2, DATA, READWRITE

DST DCD 0

END

2. B)_ Write an ARM assembly language program to transfer block of ten 32 bit
numbers from one location to another when the source and destination blocks
are overlapping.

AREA RESET,DATA,READONLY
 EXPORT __Vectors

__Vectors

DCD 0x10001000

DCD Reset_Handler

ALIGN

AREA mycode,CODE,READONLY

ENTRY

EXPORT Reset_Handler

Reset_Handler

LDR R0,=SRC

MOV R1,#10

MOV R3,#1

LOOP

STR R3,[R0],#4

ADD R3,#1

SUBS R1,#1

BNE LOOP

LDR R0,=SRC

ADD R0,R0,#(SIZE-1)*4

SUB R1,R0,#(OL-1)*4

ADD R1,R1,#(SIZE-1)*4

MOV R3,#10

UP

LDR R4,[R0],#-4

STR R4,[R1],#-4
 SUBS R3,#1

BNE UP

STOP

B STOP

SIZE EQU 10

OL EQU 2

AREA myData,DATA,READWRITE

SRC DCD 0

END

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. Reverse an array of ten 32 bit numbers in the memory.

AREA RESET,DATA,READONLY

EXPORT __Vectors

__Vectors

DCD 0x10001000

DCD Reset_Handler

ALIGN

AREA mycode,CODE,READONLY

ENTRY

EXPORT Reset_Handler

Reset_Handler

LDR R0,=SRC

MOV R1,#10

MOV R3,#1

LOOP
STR R3,[R0],#4

ADD R3,#1

SUBS R1,#1

BNE LOOP

LDR R0,=SRC

MOV R5,R0

ADD R0,R0,#(SIZE-1)*4

;SUB R1,R0,#(OL-1)*4

;ADD R1,R1,#(SIZE-1)*4

MOV R3,#5

UP

LDR R6,[R5]

LDR R7,[R0]

STR R7,[R5],#4

STR R6,[R0],#-4

SUBS R3,#1

BNE UP

STOP

B STOP

SIZE EQU 10

;OL EQU 2

AREA myData,DATA,READWRITE

SRC DCD 0

END

LAB 2
LAB NO 2 Solved Exercise:
Write a program to add two 32 bit numbers available in the code memory. Store
the result in the data memory.

AREA Reset, DATA, READONLY

EXPORT __Vectors

__Vectors

DCD 0x40001000

DCD Reset_Handler

ALIGN

AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY

EXPORT Reset_Handler

Reset_Handler

LDR R0, =VALUE1

LDR R1, [R0]

LDR R0, =VALUE2

LDR R3, [R0]

ADDS R6, R1, R3

LDR R2, =RESULT

STR R6, [R2]

STOP

B STOP

VALUE1 DCD 0X12345678

VALUE2 DCD 0XABCDEF12

 AREA mydata, DATA, READWRITE

RESULT DCD 0

END

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

LAB 2 Lab Exercises:

1. Write a program to add ten 32 bit numbers available in code memory and
store the result in data memory.
AREA Reset, DATA, READONLY
EXPORT __Vectors
__Vectors
DCD 0x40001000
DCD Reset_Handler
ALIGN
AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY
ENTRY
EXPORT Reset_Handler

Reset_Handler
MOV R0, #0
LDR R1, =NUM
MOV R2, #10

LOOP
LDR R3, [R1], #4
ADD R0, R0, R3
SUBS R2, R2, #1
BNE LOOP

LDR R1, =RES

STR R0, [R1]
STOP
B STOP

NUM DCD 0x01010101, 0x12121212, 0x23232323, 0x34343434, 0x45454545,

0x56565656, 0x67676767, 0x78787878, 0x89898989, 0x90909090
 AREA mydata, DATA, READWRITE
RES DCD 0
END
2. Write a program to add two 128 bit numbers available in code memory and
store the result in data memory.
AREA Reset, DATA, READONLY
EXPORT __Vectors
__Vectors
DCD 0x40001000
DCD Reset_Handler
ALIGN
AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY
ENTRY
EXPORT Reset_Handler

Reset_Handler
LDR R1, =NUM1
LDR R2, =NUM2
LDR R3, =RESULT
MOV R4, #4

LOOP
LDR R5, [R1], #4
LDR R6, [R2], #4
ADC R7, R5, R6
STR R7, [R3], #4
SUBS R4, R4, #1
BNE LOOP

STOP
B STOP

NUM1 DCD 0x11223344, 0x55667788, 0x99AABBCC, 0xDDEEFF00

NUM2 DCD 0x12345678, 0x3456789A, 0xABCDEF12, 0x08624472

AREA mydata, DATA, READWRITE

RESULT DCD 0
END
3. Write a program to subtract two 32 bit numbers available in the code
memory and store the result in the data memory.
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY
EXPORT __Vectors
__Vectors
DCD 0x40001000
DCD Reset_Handler
ALIGN
AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY
ENTRY
EXPORT Reset_Handler
Reset_Handler
LDR R0, =VALUE1
LDR R1, [R0]
LDR R0, =VALUE2
LDR R3, [R0]
SUBS R6, R1, R3
LDR R2, =RESULT
STR R6, [R2]

STOP
B STOP

VALUE1 DCD 0X12345678

VALUE2 DCD 0XABCDEF12

AREA data, DATA, READWRITE

RESULT DCD 0
END
4. Write a program to subtract two 128 bit numbers available in the code
memory and store the result in the data memory.

AREA Reset, DATA, READONLY

EXPORT __Vectors
__Vectors
DCD 0x40001000
DCD Reset_Handler
ALIGN
AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY
ENTRY
EXPORT Reset_Handler
Reset_Handler
LDR R1, =NUM1
LDR R2, =NUM2
LDR R3, =RESULT
MOV R4, #4

LOOP
LDR R5, [R1], #4
LDR R6, [R2], #4
SBC R7, R5, R6
STR R7, [R3], #4
SUBS R4, R4, #1
BNE LOOP

STOP
B STOP

NUM1 DCD 0x11223344, 0x55667788, 0x99AABBCC, 0xDDEEFF00

NUM2 DCD 0x12345678, 0x3456789A, 0xABCDEF12, 0x08624472

AREA mydata, DATA, READWRITE

RESULT DCD 0
END

EXTRA PROGRAMS
Write an assembly program to perform addition of 10 natural numbers.

AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY

EXPORT __Vectors
__Vectors
DCD 0x40001000 ; stack pointer value when stack is empty
DCD Reset_Handler ; reset vector
ALIGN
AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY
ENTRY
EXPORT Reset_Handler
Reset_Handler
LDR r0, =result ; Load the address where the result will be stored
MOV r1, #10
MOV r2, 0
SUM
ADD r2, r2, r1
SUBS r1, r1, #1
BNE SUM
MOV r3,r2
STR r3, [r0]

; The result is now stored in the 'result' memory location

; Halt the program

STOP B STOP

AREA result1, DATA, READWRITE

result DCD 0

END
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

LAB 3
LAB NO 3: Solved Exercise
Write an assembly program to multiply two 32 bit numbers.
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY
EXPORT __Vectors
__Vectors
DCD 0x40001000 ; stack pointer value when stack is empty
DCD Reset_Handler ; reset vector
ALIGN
AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY
ENTRY
EXPORT Reset_Handler

Reset_Handler

LDR R1, =VALUE1 ;pointer to the first value1

LDR R5, [R1]
LDR R2, =VALUE2 ;pointer to the second value
LDR R6, [R2]
UMULL R3, R4, R5, R6 ;Multiply the values from R1 and R2 and store
 ;least significant 32 bit number into R3 and
most
;significant 32 bit number into R4.
LDR R2, =RESULT
STR R4, [R2]
ADD R2, #4
STR R3, [R2] ; store result in memory
STOP
B STOP

VALUE1 DCD 0X54000000 ; First 32 bit number

VALUE2 DCD 0X10000002 ; Second 32 bit number

AREA data, DATA, READWRITE

RESULT DCD 0

END

LAB NO 3: Lab Exercises

1. Write a program to multiply two 32 bit numbers using repetitive addition

AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY
EXPORT __Vectors
__Vectors
DCD 0x10001000
DCD Reset_Handler
ALIGN
AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY
ENTRY
EXPORT Reset_Handler

Reset_Handler

LDR R1, =VALUE1

LDR R5, [R1]
LDR R2, =VALUE2
LDR R6, [R2]
MOV R3, #0
MOV R7, #0
LDR R4, =RESULT
LDR R8, =CARRY
 LOOP ADDS R3, R3, R5
ADC R7, R7, #0
SUBS R6, R6, #1
BNE LOOP

STR R3, [R4]

STR R7, [R8]
STOP
B STOP

VALUE1 DCD 0X78000000

VALUE2 DCD 0X00000004

AREA data, DATA, READWRITE

RESULT DCD 0
CARRY DCD 0

END
Repeat the above program for BCD multiplication.

2. Find the sum of ‘n’ natural numbers using MLA instruction.

AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY
EXPORT __Vectors
__Vectors
DCD 0x40001000
DCD Reset_Handler
ALIGN
AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY
ENTRY
EXPORT Reset_Handler

Reset_Handler

MOV R0,#VALUEN
MOV R1, #0
MOV R3, #1
LDR R4, =RESULT

LOOP MLA R1, R1, R3, R0

SUBS R0, R0, #1
 BNE LOOP

STR R1, [R4]

STOP
B STOP

VALUEN EQU 10

AREA data, DATA, READWRITE

RESULT DCD 0

END

3. Write an assembly language program to find GCD of two numbers

Hint:
While(a!=b)
{
If(a>b)
a=a-b;
else
b=b-a;

} Return (a);

AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY

EXPORT __Vectors

__Vectors

DCD 0x40001000

DCD Reset_Handler

ALIGN

AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY

EXPORT Reset_Handler

Reset_Handler
 LDR R0, =VALUE1

LDR R1, [R0]

LDR R2, =VALUE2

LDR R3, [R2]

LDR R4, =RESULT

LOOP

CMP R1, R3

BEQ DONE

BGT GREATER

SUBS R1, R3, R1

B LOOP

GREATER

SUBS R3, R1, R3

B LOOP

DONE

STR R1, [R4]

STOP

B STOP

VALUE1 DCD 0x0000000C

VALUE2 DCD 0x00000006

 AREA data, DATA, READWRITE

RESULT DCD 0

END

4. Write an assembly language program to find LCM of two numbers.

LAB 4
LAB NO 4: Lab Exercises

Write an assembly program to convert a 2-digit hexadecimal number into unpacked

ASCII.

AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY

EXPORT __Vectors

__Vectors

DCD 0x40001000 ; stack pointer value when stack is empty

DCD Reset_Handler ; reset vector

ALIGN

AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY

EXPORT Reset_Handler

Reset_Handler

LDR R0,=NUM

LDR R3,=RESULT

LDRB R1,[R0] ; load hex number into register R1

AND R2,R1,#0x0F ; mask upper 4 bits

CMP R2,#09 ; compare the digit with 09

BLS DOWN ; if it is lower than 9 then jump to down label

ADD R2,#07 ;else add 07 to that number

DOWN
ADD R2,#0x30 ; Add 30H to the number, Ascii value of first digit

STRB R2,[R3]

AND R4,R1,#0xF0 ; Mask the second digit

MOV R4,R4,LSR#04 ; Shift right by 4 bits

CMP R4,#09 ; check for >9 or not

BLS DOWN1

ADD R3,#07

DOWN1

ADD R4,#0x30 ; Ascii value of second digit

STRB R4,[R3,#01]

NUM DCD 0x000003A

AREA data, DATA, READWRITE

RESULT DCD 0

END

ASCII to packed BCD conversion

AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY

EXPORT __Vectors

__Vectors

DCD 0x40001000 ; stack pointer value when stack is empty

DCD Reset_Handler ; reset vector

ALIGN

AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY

EXPORT Reset_Handler

Reset_Handler

MOV R1,#0x37 ;R1 = 0x37

MOV R2,#0x32 ;R2 = 0x32

AND R1,R1,#0x0F ;mask 3 to get unpacked BCD

AND R2,R2,#0x0F ;mask 3 to get unpacked BCD

MOV R3,R2,LSL #4 ;shift R2 4 bits to left to get R3 = 0x20

ORR R4,R3,R1 ;OR them to get packed BCD, R4 = 0x27

STOP

B STOP

END

Packed BCD to ASCII conversion

EXPORT __Vectors

__Vectors

DCD 0x40001000 ; stack pointer value when stack is empty

DCD Reset_Handler ; reset vector

ALIGN

AREA mycode, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY

EXPORT Reset_Handler

Reset_Handler

MOV R0,#0x29

AND R1,R0,#0x0F ;mask upper four bits

ORR R1,R1,#0x30 ;combine with 30 to get ASCII

MOV R2,R0,LSR #04 ;shift right 4 bits to get unpacked BCD

ORR R2,R2,#0x30 ;combine with 30 to get ASCII

STOP

B STOP

END