INTools Administration

LETs PEEP IN(An Overview)

By KAUSIK BISWAS
KEC I&C Deparment

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Two types of administration job
¾ System Administrator
ƒ Initialize and assign a domain.
ƒ Create a department.
ƒ Add users to the SmartPlant Instrumentation user list.

ƒ Create and assign a Domain Administrator for the domain.

¾ Domain Administrator
ƒ Define a plant owner.
ƒ Set up the plant hierarchy.
ƒ Create hierarchy items and define tag and loop naming conventions.
ƒ Define a group and assign users to the group.
ƒ Define access rights for a group.
ƒ User-defined fields to the Instrument Index.

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 REVISION OF BASICS

ƒ The Relational Database:

– Relational database management systems,
where all data are kept in tables or relations.
– More flexible & easy to use.
– Almost any item of data can be accessed more
quickly than the other models.
– Retrieval time is reduced so that interactive
access becomes more feasible.
ƒ This is what is referred to as Relational
Database Management Systems (RDBMS)

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 RDBMS
ƒ In a RDBMS, the data is logically perceived
as tables.
ƒ Tables are logical data structures that we assume
hold the data that the database intends to represent.
ƒ Tables are not physical structures.
ƒ Each table has a unique name.

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 Relational Databases
ƒ Most common data management scheme
ƒ Data is organized into two-dimensional
tables of rows and columns
– Data is decomposed to its simplest form
– Normalization reduces data inconsistency
– Referential integrity

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 What are the “normal forms”?
ƒ E. F. Codd in 1972 wrote a paper on “Further
Normalization of the Data Base Relational Model”
ƒ Normal forms reduce the amount of redundancy
and inconsistent dependency within databases.
ƒ Codd proposed three normal forms and through
the years two more have been added.

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 The Normal Forms
ƒ First Form
– Eliminate replicated data in tables
– Create compact tables for each set of related data
– Identify each set of related data with a primary key
ƒ Second Form
– Create separate tables for sets of values that apply to
multiple records
– Relate the tables with a foreign key
ƒ Third Form
– Eliminate fields that do not depend on the primary key

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 Candidate Key and Primary Key
of a Relation
ƒ The notion of a key is a fundamental
concept in the relational model
– Provides the basic mechanism for retrieving
tuples within any table of the database.
ƒ To distinguish a candidate key
– No two different tuples of the relation will have identical
entries in all attributes of the key
– The number of attributes that comprises the key must be
minimal

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Candidate Key and Primary Key
of a Relation
ƒ Since a relation may have more than one
candidate key, one of these candidate keys
should be designated as the primary key
(PK) of the relation.
– The values of the primary key can be used as
the identification and addressing mechanism of
the relation.
– We will differentiate between the different rows
of the relation on the basis of their PK values.
– We will also uniquely retrieve tuples from a
relation based on the values of their PK values. 9
 Foreign Keys

ƒ Because columns that have the same underlying domain

can be used to relate tables of a database, the concept of
foreign key (FK) allows the DBMS to maintain consistency
among the rows of two relations or between the rows of the
same relation.
– The attributes of a FK have the same underlying domain
as the set of attributes defined for the PK.
– The FK values in any tuple of a relation are either NULL
or must appear as the PK values of a tuple of the
corresponding relation.

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 Foreign Keys
– The table that contains the foreign key is the
child table
– The table that contains the referenced
attribute(s) is the parent table.
– The FK value in each row of a child table is
either
ƒ NULL or
ƒ Must match the PK value of a tuple of the parent
table.

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 Database Connectivity
ƒ Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
ƒ Standard method for applications to request
database information from other applications
(i.e., database servers)
ƒ Examples: Oracle, MS-SQL Server, MS-
Access, DB2

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 ODBC Example
Driver
Application Manager

MS-Access Oracle MS-SQL

Driver Driver Driver

MS-Access Oracle MS-SQL

Database Database Database
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 SQL
ƒ SQL stands for Structured Query Language and is
pronounced either ess-que-el. It is the language used by
relational database management systems (RDBMS) to
access and manipulate data and to create, structure and
destroy databases and database objects.
ƒ In 1986, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
standardized SQL. This standard was updated in 1989, in
1992 (called SQL2), and again in 1999 (called SQL3).
Standard SQL is sometimes called ANSI SQL or SQL92.
All major relational databases support this standard but
each has its own proprietary extensions.

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 Basic SQL Commands
ƒ Creating tables with CREATE
ƒ Adding data with INSERT
ƒ Viewing data with SELECT
ƒ Removing data with DELETE
ƒ Modifying data with UPDATE
ƒ Destroying tables with DROP

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 Examples
INSERT INTO tablename (column_name,…)
VALUES (value,…)
SELECT column,… FROM table,…
WHERE condition
GROUP BY group_by_expression
HAVING condition
ORDER BY order_expression

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What are the admin activities

ƒCreation of new projects and the maintenance of

existing PAU Hierarchy

ƒHelp with the Server & Work Station Configuration

and Administration

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Activities……
ƒ Complete Oracle or MS SQL database maintenance
activities using the SPI Administration Utilities

ƒ Application user account creation, administration and

security per Project Requirements

ƒ Work with Eng. Systems, IT and Software Vendor on

software installation, upgrade, database creation and
configuration, project set-up

ƒ Assist I&C Department in defining the implementation

and test plans for changes to the infrastructure,
application or new implementations

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Activities…….
ƒ Understand data and system integration issues with
other systems in COMPANY and work with Eng.
Systems and IT to solve the issues .

ƒ Manage/coordinate move-to-production of software

and data

ƒ Evaluate software patches prior to distribution to the

user community

ƒ Develop SPI technical bulletins and Project set-up

Manuals

ƒ Work with the Project Domain Administrator on the

creation of the Specification for SPI Database
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Activities……….
ƒ Audit the Database to identify UDT and UDF
assignment and coordinate with the Client and the
Domain Administrator on the assignment of new UDTs
and UDFs.

ƒ Activity Tracking Management

ƒ Maintain the Domain and Database Security Common

Tasks as per project requirements

ƒ Database Security Common Tasks per project

requirements

ƒ Manage Locking in all User Sessions

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Activities………
ƒ Managing Audit Trail Data

ƒ System Admin Report Generation

ƒ Work with the Domain Administrator and IT to

investigate Application and Database Issues

ƒ Work with the Software Vendor to solve Application

and Database issues that require escalation to
Vendor's Development Team

ƒ Coordinate with Intergraph all support activities

received from the SPI Domain Administrators and
Support Specialists to ensure issues are addressed in
a timely manner . 21
Activities………

ƒ Define the SPI Plant Hierarchy per SPI Specification

ƒ Setting Up the Naming Conventions for Domain

entities per Client approved SPI Specification

ƒ Define User Groups (identify the required User Groups

and defined them in the SPI Domain

ƒ Identify and Set-Up Access Rights per User Group

ƒ Preferences Set-Up and Management (Preferences

need to be reviewed and set-up per Project
Requirements)
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Activities……..
ƒ Define Report Management Settings (Title Block
association, Archiving Options, Report Revision
Management, etc)

ƒ Work with the SPI Support Specialists on Project

Customization: Spec Sheets, Reports, Specs and
Reports Custom Title Block.

ƒ Evaluate, Test and Implement Import Requests if

approved by Project Instrumentation Lead – Import
Module

ƒ Create User Work-Practice Documentation (project

specific)
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Activities……..
ƒ Audit Engineering data structure and configurations to
ensure integrity and compliance with Engineering
Standards

ƒ Analyse data in MS Access , Run Specific Queries

and short data and reports in MS Office environment.

ƒ SPI User Support:

¾ Day to day problem solving & troubleshooting
¾ First hand user support ('how-to' questions)
¾ Review and document workflow; make suggestions for
improvement to increase efficiency if needed

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