Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 12 Pg-409
Differentiation 409
On dividing throughout by ex + y , we get
e- y + e- x = 1. ... (ii)
On differentiating both sides of (ii) w.r.t. x, we get
æ - dy ö
e- y × ç -x
÷ + e ( -1) = 0
è dx ø
dy - e- x ( y- x )
Þ = - y = -e .
dx e
æ x2 - y2 ö
EXAMPLE 12 If tan -1 ç 2 ÷ = a , show that dy = x(1 - tan a) ×
ç x + y2 ÷ dx y(1 + tan a)
è ø
æx -y ö
2 2 2 2
SOLUTION tan -1 ç 2 ÷ = a Þ ( x - y ) = tan a
ç x + y2 ÷ ( x 2 + y 2)
è ø
\ ( x 2 - y 2) = ( x 2 + y 2) tan a. ... (i)
On differentiating both sides of (i) w.r.t. x, we get
dy dy
2x - 2y × = 2x tan a + 2y × × tan a
dx dx
dy
Þ y(1 + tan a) = x(1 - tan a)
dx
dy x(1 - tan a)
Þ = ×
dx y(1 + tan a)
EXERCISE 10E
dy
Find , when:
dx
x2 y2
1. x 2 + y 2 = 4 2. 2
+ =1 3. x+ y = a
a b2
2 2 2
4. x 3 +y 3 =a 3 5. xy = c2 6. x 2 + y 2 - 3 xy = 1
7. xy 2 - x 2 y - 5 = 0 8. ( x 2 + y 2) 2 = xy 9. x 2 + y 2 = log ( xy)
10. x n + y n = a n 11. x sin 2y = y cos 2x 12. sin 2 x + 2 cos y + xy = 0
13. y sec x + tan x + x 2 y = 0 14. cot ( xy) + xy = y
2
15. y tan x - y cos x + 2x = 0 16. ex log y = sin -1 x + sin -1 y
17. xy log ( x + y) = 1 18. tan ( x + y) + tan ( x - y) = 1
2 2 -1 y
19. log x + y = tan
x
æ dy ö y
20. If y = x sin y, prove that ç x × ÷ = ×
è dx ø ( 1 - x cos y)
dy - y
21. If xy = tan ( xy), show that = ×
dx x
Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 12 Pg-410
410 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 12
dy log x
22. If y log x = ( x - y), prove that = ×
dx (1 + log x) 2
dy cos2( y + a)
23. If cos y = x cos ( y + a), prove that = ×
dx sin a
æ x2 - y2 ö
24. If cos-1 ç 2 ÷ = tan -1 a , prove that dy = y ×
ç x + y2 ÷ dx x
è ø
ANSWERS (EXERCISE 10E)
1
-x -b 2 x y -y 3 -c2
1. 2. 3. - 4. 5.
a 2y
1
y x x 3 x2
( 2x - 3 y) ( y 2 - 2xy) ( y - 4xy 2 - 4x 3) y(1 - 2x 2)
6. 7. 8. 9.
( 3 x - 2y) ( x 2 - 2xy) ( 4y 3 + 4x 2 y - x) x( 2y 2 - 1)
- x n-1 ( 2y sin 2x + sin 2y) ( y + sin 2x)
10. n-1
11. 12.
y (cos 2x - 2x cos 2y) ( 2 sin y - x)
- ( y sec x tan x + sec2 x + 2xy) - y cot 2( xy)
13. 2
14.
( x + sec x) {1 + x cot 2( xy)}
( y sec2 x + y 2 sin x + 2) 1 - y 2 ìï1 - ex log y × 1 - x 2 üï
15. 16. y × ×í ý
( 2y cos x - tan x) 1 - x 2 ï ( ex 1 - y 2 ) - y ï
î þ
- ( x + y + x 2 y) sec2( x + y) + sec2( x - y) x+y
17. 18. 19.
2
x { y + ( x + y) log ( x + y)} 2 2
sec ( x - y) - sec ( x + y) x-y
HINTS TO SOME SELECTED QUESTIONS (EXERCISE 10E)
8. x 4 + y 4 + 2 x 2 y 2 = xy
dy dy dy
Þ 4x 3 + 4y 3 × + 4x 2 y × + 4 xy 2 = x +y
dx dx dx
dy
Þ ( 4y 3 + 4x 2 y - x) = ( y - 4 xy 2 - 4 x 3 ).
dx
9. x 2 + y 2 = log x + log y
dy 1 1 dy
Þ 2x + 2y = + × ×
dx x y dx
dy
10. x n + y n = an Þ nx n -1 + ny n -1 = 0.
dx
14. cot ( xy ) + xy = y
ì dy ü æ dy ö dy
Þ - cosec2 ( xy ) × í x + yý + ç x + y÷ =
î dx þ è dx ø dx
