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Lesson 2 (Air Atmosphere)

The document outlines the main factors affecting air temperature, including latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, ocean currents, and cloud cover. It explains how these factors influence temperature variations across different regions, such as coastal versus inland areas and the impact of vegetation and soil type. Additionally, it highlights the role of land slope in temperature absorption and retention.

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51 views3 pages

Lesson 2 (Air Atmosphere)

The document outlines the main factors affecting air temperature, including latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, ocean currents, and cloud cover. It explains how these factors influence temperature variations across different regions, such as coastal versus inland areas and the impact of vegetation and soil type. Additionally, it highlights the role of land slope in temperature absorption and retention.

Uploaded by

hellacended
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geography

Lesson 2
Factors effecting air temperature over the earth’s surface

1. The main factors affecting air temperature are


1) Latitude
2) Altitude
3) Distance from the sea
4) Ocean currents
5) Cloud cover

1) Latitude
• Areas closer to the equator receive more direct sunlight,
leading to higher temperatures.
• Areas near the poles receive slanted sunlight, making them
colder.

2) Altitude

• Temperatures decrease with increasing altitude due to the


decreasing air pressure.
• Higher places (like mountains) are colder because air
temperature decreases with height.
3) Distance from the sea

• The land and sea breeze the temperature of the coastal


margin is comparatively cooler than that of a place
situated far away from the sea.
• Example:
✓ Coastal areas have a moderate temperature (sea cools
the air in summer and warms in winter).
✓ Inland areas have extreme temperature (hotter in
summer, colder in winter)

4) Ocean Currents
• Warm and cool ocean raise or lower the temperature of land surface along the coastal margins.
• The surface ocean currents have a strong effect on Earth's climate.

5) Cloud cover
• Clouds check solar radiation by day and ground radiation by night.
• There are few clouds in the tropical deserts so that sunshine is abundant.
• Traps heat at night but keeps temperatures lower during the day.

6) Some other factors that affect over the earth’s surface:


a) The slope of the land
b) Nature of soil
c) Vegetation

a) The slope of the Land


- Steeper slopes receive sunlight at different angles, affecting how much heat is absorbed.
- South-facing slopes (in the Northern Hemisphere) get more direct sunlight and are warmer than
north-facing slopes.

b) Nature of Soil
- Dark-colored soils (like clay) absorb and retain more heat, making the area warmer.
- Light-colored or sandy soils reflect heat, keeping the area cooler.

c) Vegetation
- Forested areas are cooler because trees provide shade and release moisture, reducing
temperature.
- Bare land heats up faster as it absorbs more solar radiation.

A visual diagram showing how factors like slope, soil types, and vegetation affect temperatures

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