Question 1: What happens when a ray of light falls normally (or perpendicularly) on the

surface of a plane mirror?

Question 2:
A ray of light is incident on a plane mirror at an angle of 30°. What is the angle of reflection?

Question 3:
A ray of light strikes a plane mirror at an angle of 40° to the mirror surface. What will be the
angle of reflection?

Question 4:
A ray of light is incident normally on a plane mirror. What will be the:
(a) angle of incidence?
(b) angle of reflection?

Question 5:
What type of image is formed:
(a) in a plane mirror?
(b) on a cinema screen?

Question 6:
What kind of mirror is required for obtaining a virtual image of the same size as the object?

Question 7:
What is the name of the phenomenon in which the right side of an object appears to be the
left side of the image in a plane mirror?

Question 8:
Name the phenomenon responsible for the following effect:
When we sit in front of a plane mirror and write with our right hand, it appears in the mirror
that we are writing with the left hand.

Question 9:
If an object is placed at a distance of 10 cm in front of a plane mirror, how far would it be
from its image?

Question 10:
Which property of light makes a pencil cast a shadow when it is held in front of a light
source?

Question 11:
The image seen in a plane mirror cannot be formed on a screen. What name is given to this
type of image?

Question 12:
Fill in the following blank with a suitable word:
When light is reflected, the angles of incidence and reflection are _______.

Question 13:
State whether the following statement is true or false:
A student says that we can see an object because light from our eyes is reflected back by the
object.

Question 14:
Where is the image when you look at something in a mirror?

Question 15:
A ray of light strikes a plane mirror such that its angle of incidence is 30°. What angle does
the reflected ray make with the mirror surface?

Question 16:
What is the difference between a real image and a virtual image? Give one example of each
type of image.

Question 17:
The letter F is placed in front of a plane mirror:
How would its image look like when seen in a plane mirror?
What is the name of the phenomenon involved?

Question 18:
What is lateral inversion? Explain by giving a suitable example.

Question 19:
Write the word AMBULANCE as it would appear when reflected in a plane mirror. Why is it
sometimes written in this way (as its mirror image) on the front of an ambulance?

Question 20:
What are the important differences between looking at a photograph of your face and looking
at yourself in a plane mirror?

Question 21:
(a) A wall reflects light and a mirror also reflects light. What difference is there in the way
they reflect light?
(b) Which type of reflection of light leads to the formation of images?

Question 22:
What is the difference between regular reflection of light and diffuse reflection of light? What
type of reflection of light takes place from:
(a) a cinema screen
(b) a plane mirror
(c) a cardboard
(d) still water surface of a lake

Question 23:
What can you see in a completely dark room? If you switch on an electric bulb in this dark
room as a light source, explain how you could now see:
(a) the electric bulb
(b) a piece of white paper
Question 24:
(a) A boy with a mouth 5 cm wide stands 2 m away from a plane mirror. Where is his image
and how wide is the image of his mouth?
(b) The boy walks towards the mirror at a speed of 1 m/s. At what speed does his image
approach him?

Question 25:
(a) An extended object in the form of an arrow pointing upward has been placed in front of a
plane mirror. Draw a labelled ray-diagram to show the formation of its image.
(b) State the uses of plane mirrors.

Question 26:
What is meant by ‘reflection of light’? Define the following terms used in the study of
reflection of light by drawing a labelled ray-diagram:
(a) Incident ray
(b) Point of incidence
(c) Normal
(d) Reflected ray
(e) Angle of incidence
(f) Angle of reflection

Question 27:
State and explain the laws of reflection of light at a plane surface (like a plane mirror), with
the help of a labelled ray-diagram. Mark the angles of ‘incidence’ and ‘reflection’ clearly on
the diagram. If the angle of reflection is 47.5°, what will be the angle of incidence?

Question 28:
With the help of a labelled ray-diagram, describe how a plane mirror forms an image of a
point source of light placed in front of it. State the characteristics of the image formed in a
plane mirror.

Question 29: (a) Explain why, though both a plane mirror and a sheet of paper reflect light
but we can see the image of our face in a plane mirror but not in a sheet of paper. (b) The
image in a plane mirror is virtual and laterally inverted. What does this statement mean? (c)
Write all the capital letters of the alphabet which look the same in a plane mirror.

Question 30:
The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence:
A. Never
B. Sometimes
C. Under special conditions
D. Always

Question 31:
The angle between an incident ray and the plane mirror is 30°. The total angle between the
incident ray and reflected for this ray will be:
A. 30°
B. 60°
C. 120°
D. 90°
Question 32:
A ray of light is incident on a plane mirror making an angle of 90° with the mirror surface.
The angle of reflection for this ray of light will be:
A. 0°
B. 90°
C. 45°
D. 60°

Question 33:
The image of an object formed by a plane mirror is:
A. Real
B. Virtual
C. Diminished
D. Upside-down

Question 34:
The image of an object formed by a plane mirror is:
A. Virtual, behind the mirror and enlarged.
B. Real, at the surface of the mirror and enlarged.
C. Virtual, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object.
D. Real, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object.

Question 35:
The figure given alongside shows the image of a clock as seen in a plane mirror. The correct
time is:
A. 9:25
B. 2:35
C. 6:45
D. 2:25

Question 36:
A man stands 10 m in front of a large plane mirror. How far must he walk before he is 5 m
away from his image?

Question 37:
An object is placed 20 cm in front of a plane mirror. The mirror is moved 2 cm towards the
object. The distance between the positions of the original and final images seen in the mirror
is:
A. 2 cm
B. 4 cm
C. 10 cm
D. 22 cm

Question 38:
A man sits in an optician's chair, looking into a plane mirror which is 2 m away from him and
views the image of a chart which faces the mirror and is 50 cm behind his head. How far
away from his eyes does the chart appear to be?

Question 39:
A ray of light strikes a plane mirror PQ at an angle of incidence of 30°, is reflected from the
plane mirror and then strikes a second plane mirror QR placed at right angles to the first
mirror. The angle of reflection at the second mirror is:
A. 30°
B. 45°
C. 60°
D. 90°

1. Question:
Name the spherical mirror which has:
(a) Virtual principal focus.
(b) Real principal focus.
2. Question:
Out of convex mirror and concave mirror, whose focus is situated behind the mirror?
3. Question:
Find the focal length of a concave mirror whose radius of curvature is 30 cm.
4. Question:
If the focal length of a convex mirror is 28 cm, what is its radius of curvature?
5. Question:
Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:
(a) Parallel rays of light are reflected by a ______ to a point called the principal focus.
(b) The focal length of a concave mirror is the distance from the principal focus to the
.
(c) A__ converges rays of light whereas a ______ diverges rays of light.
(d) For a convex mirror, parallel rays of light appear to ___ from a point called the
principal focus.
6. Question:
What is a spherical mirror? Distinguish between a concave mirror and a convex
mirror.
7. Question:
Name the two types of spherical mirrors. What type of mirror is represented by the:
(a) Back side of a shining steel spoon?
(b) Front side of a shining steel spoon?
8. Question:
What is the relation between the focal length and radius of curvature of a spherical
mirror (concave mirror or convex mirror)? Calculate the focal length of a spherical
mirror whose radius of curvature is 26 cm.
9. Question:
Explain with a suitable diagram, how a concave mirror converges a parallel beam of
light rays. Mark clearly the pole, focus, and centre of curvature of the concave mirror
in this diagram.
10. Question:
Describe with a suitable diagram, how a convex mirror diverges a parallel beam of
 light rays. Mark clearly the pole, focus, and centre of curvature of the convex mirror
in this diagram.
11. Question:
Define:
(a) Center of curvature
(b) Radius of curvature
(c) Pole
(d) Principal axis
(e) Aperture of a spherical mirror with the help of a labeled diagram.

12 A. Question:
Define:
(i) Principal focus of a concave mirror, and
(ii) Focal length of a concave mirror.

12 B. Question:
Draw a diagram to represent the action of a concave mirror on a beam of parallel light rays.
Mark on this diagram the principal axis, focus F, center of curvature C, pole P, and focal
length f, of the concave mirror.

13 A. Question:
What is meant by?
(i) Principal focus of a convex mirror, and
(ii) Focal length of a convex mirror?

13 B. Question:
Draw a diagram to show the action of a convex mirror on a beam of parallel light rays. Mark
on this diagram the principal axis, focus F, center of curvature C, pole P, and focal length f,
of the convex mirror.

14. Question:
In a convex spherical mirror, reflection of light takes place at:
A. A bulging-out surface
B. A bent-in surface
C. A flat surface
D. An uneven surface
15. Question:
A diverging mirror is:
A. A plane mirror
B. A concave mirror
C. A convex mirror
D. A shaving mirror
16. Question:
If R is the radius of curvature of a spherical mirror and f is its focal length, then:
A. R = f
B. R = 3f
C. R = f
D. R = 2f
17. Question:
The focal length of a spherical mirror of radius of curvature 38 cm is:
 A. 10 cm
B. 19 cm
C. 20 cm
D. 30 cm
18. Question:
If the focal length of a spherical mirror is 12.5 cm, its radius of curvature will be:
A. 15 cm
B. 25 cm
C. 20 cm
D. 35 cm
19. Question:
A communications satellite in orbit sends a parallel beam of signals down to earth. If
these signals obey the same laws of reflection as light and are to be focused onto a
small receiving aerial, what should be the best shape of the metal 'dish' used to collect
them?
20. Question:
When a spherical mirror is held towards the sun and its sharp image is formed on a
piece of carbon paper for some time, a hole is burnt in the carbon paper.
(a) What is the nature of the spherical mirror?
(b) Why is a hole burnt in the carbon paper?
(c) At which point of the spherical mirror is the carbon paper placed?
(d) What name is given to the distance between the spherical mirror and the carbon
paper?
(e) What is the advantage of using a carbon paper rather than a white paper?