IMMIGRATION

Unit 5 Lesson 2
 Learning Goals and Success Criteria

• We are learning about why people emigrate and are attracted

to Canada. Also, we will learn about immigration trends and
policies, both past and present.
• I will know I'm successful when I can describe push/pull
factors, and the various immigration trends and policies in
Canada’s past and present.
 Definitions

• Emigrate means to leave one's country to live

in another.

• Immigrate is to come into another country to

live permanently.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

 Factors Causing Immigration
• Push factors– the forces that make people want to leave their
homeland.
• Economic hardship: Some people may be escaping extreme poverty
or an inability to improve their standard of living.
• Social restrictions: Some countries have strong restrictions on the
education you can get, the jobs you can get, and your political rights -
especially for women.
• Members of minorities may also face severe discrimination.
• Conflict: In countries where there is war or conflict, people may fear
for their safety.
• They see leaving as their best chance for survival and a better life
elsewhere, especially for their children.
 Factors Causing Immigration
• Pull factors– the things about Canada that make people want to
come and live here.
• Economic opportunity: Compared with many parts of the world,
Canada offers economic opportunities and a chance to improve your
standard of living.
• Educational and social programs: Canada offers free education,
health care, and many other social programs that are not available in
other countries.
• Personal safety: Canada's crime rates are low, and people generally
feel safe walking the streets.
 Factors Causing Immigration

• Pull factors continued-

• Religious and cultural freedom: In Canada,
people are not persecuted for belonging to a
particular religion. Women can play a full role in
society.
• Family reunification: If an immigrant already has
relatives here, coming to Canada will allow them
to be reunited as a family.
 Immigration Patterns in Canada

• Canada is a very diverse nation. This is because we are a

nation of immigrants.
• Over the past 500 years, waves of immigration from all over
the world have joined Canada’s Indigenous peoples to create
the country we see today.
 How do we choose?
• The federal government sets policies and rules on how immigrants are selected.
• These policies have changed over the years, ranging from discriminatory to
welcoming:
• Immigration Act, 1869- Canada’s first immigration policy; contained few
restrictions.
• Immigration Act, 1906- more restrictive policy; some prohibited immigrants,
deportation process, enhanced government powers on admissions.
• Empire Settlement Act, 1922- designed to increase the British immigrants,
particularly farmers and younger individuals.
• Canadian Multicultural Act, 1988- protect cultural heritage and reduce
discrimination.
 Immigration Process
• The process for getting into Canada and eventually becoming a citizen
takes years.
• There are three steps:
• Step 1: Potential immigrants must complete an online application and
then go through an interview process with a Canadian immigration
official.
• Step 2: Those accepted as immigrants have to live in Canada for five
years before they can apply for citizenship.
• Step 3: Potential citizens must pass a written test before being
granted citizenship.
 IMMIGRATION
PROCESS - STEP
1 (APPLICATION
AND
INTERVIEW)
 IMMIGRATION PROCESS- STEP 2
(CANADIAN RESIDENT)
• To become a citizen, you have to be a resident in Canada for
five full years (60 months).
• To make sure the person is highly committed and serious
about becoming a Canadian citizen.
• If you spend a lot of time outside the country each year, then
it will take you more years to reach your 60-month total.
 IMMIGRATION PROCESS-
STEP 3 (CITIZENSHIP TEST)
• The test is a series of multiple-choice
questions about Canadian history,
identity, and values.
• It emphasizes the need to speak English
or French.
• In order to pass, a potential citizen must
get a mark of at least 75%.
• If you pass this, you are given full
Canadian citizenship status.
 Immigrant Settlement
• Canada's three largest urban centers —
Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver—are
the primary destinations where most
immigrants settle.
• However, the 2021 Census of
Population found that the proportion
of recent immigrants settling in these
three urban centers is declining.
• Moving to nearby urban centers.
 Refugees
• A refugee is different from an immigrant.
• An immigrant is a person who chooses to settle permanently in
another country.
• Refugees are forced to flee.
• The Canadian refugee system has two main parts:
• Refugee and Humanitarian Resettlement Program- for people who
need protection from outside Canada.
• In-Canada Asylum Program- for people making refugee protection
claims from within Canada.
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 Your Turn

• You will now complete an activity handout to ensure your

understanding of today’s material.