Republic of the Philippines
SAMAR COLLEGES, INC.
Basic Education
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Catbalogan City, Samar
School Year 2020 - 2021
LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 7
DL LEARNIN GRADE QUARTER DURATION DATE
P G AREA LEVEL
No.
04 SCIENCE 7 2 1 week 11/27/2020
Differentiate asexual from sexual
Learning Code:
reproduction in terms of
Compete
ncy/ies (S7LT-IIg-7)
1. Number of individuals involved
2. Similarities of offspring to parents
Val Honesty
ues Passion for excellence
Respect and concern for others
Content Reproduction being both sexual or asexual.
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/
Learning Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book
Resources %3A_Introductory_Biology_(CK-12)/02%3A_Cell_Biology/
2.36%3A_Asexual_vs._Sexual_Reproduction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcGDUcGjcyk
https://ib.bioninja.com.au/higher-level/topic-11-animal-
physiology/114-sexual-reproduction/gametogenesis.html
Learning Science Textbooks
Materials Science 7 Self-learning modules
Desktop Computer
LEARNING PROCEDURE
Label the parts of a plant and animal cell and describe its functions
REVIEW
Differentiate plant and animal cell.
DISCUSSION REPRODUCTION OF CELLS
Reproduction is the process by which organisms give rise to offspring. It is
one of the defining characteristics of living things. There are two basic types of
reproduction: asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
Cell division is how organisms grow and repair themselves. It is also how
many organisms produce offspring. Reproduction is important for the
perpetuation of a species. If there were no means of reproduction, individuals
of a species would not exist anymore and their species would die. Through
reproduction, new generations are priduced. The species live on.
2 TYPES OF CELL REPRODUCTION
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
-involves a single parent. It results in offspring that are genetically
identical to each other and to the parent. All prokaryotes and some
eukaryotes reproduce this way. There are several different methods of
asexual reproduction. They include binary fission, fragmentation, and
budding.
Types
Binary fission occurs when a parent cell splits into two identical
daughter cells of the same size.
Fragmentation occurs when a parent organism breaks into fragments,
or pieces, and each fragment develops into a new organism.
Budding occurs when a parent cell forms a bubble-like bud. The bud
stays attached to the parent cell while it grows and develops. When the
bud is fully developed, it breaks away from the parent cell and forms a
new organism.
Regeneration is asexual reproduction is the ability of a simple
organism to re-grow its lost parts. Simple organisms are more successful
with regeneration than complex organisms. For example, some crabs
can grow new claws or body parts after the original parts are lost.
Regeneration of lost body parts occurs mostly in invertebrates.
Spore formation, a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new
individual without fusion with another reproductive cell. Spores thus
differ from gametes, which are reproductive cells that must fuse in pairs
in order to give rise to a new individual. Spores are agents of asexual
reproduction, whereas gametes are agents of sexual reproduction.
Spores are produced by bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants.
Vegetative propagation is any form of asexual reproduction occurring
in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant
or grows from a specialized reproductive structure (such as
a stolon, rhizome, tuber, corm, or bulb). For a general discussion of plant
reproduction, see reproductive system, plant.
Asexual reproduction can be very rapid. This is an advantage for many
organisms. It allows them to crowd out other organisms that reproduce more
slowly. Bacteria, for example, may divide several times per hour. Under ideal
conditions, 100 bacteria can divide to produce millions of bacterial cells in just
a few hours! However, most bacteria do not live under ideal conditions. If they
did, the entire surface of the planet would soon be covered with them. Instead,
their reproduction is kept in check by limited resources, predators, and their
own wastes. This is true of most other organisms as well.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Sexual reproduction is the process in which new organisms are created,
by combining the genetic information from two individuals of different
sexes. The genetic information is carried on chromosomes within
the nucleus of specialized sex cells called gametes. In males, these
gametes are called sperm and in females the gametes are called eggs.
During sexual reproduction the two gametes join together in a fusion
process known as fertilization, to create a zygote, which is the precursor
to an embryo offspring, taking half of its DNA from each of its parents. In
humans, a zygote contains 46 chromosomes: 23 from its mother and 23
from its father. The combination of these chromosomes produces an
offspring that is similar to both its mother and father but is not identical
to either.
Sexual reproduction invovles two important steps:
Gametogenesis -the process of producing sex cells
Fertilization- the union of sperma and egg cell
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS
GAMETOGENESIS
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis describes the production of spermatozoa (sperm) in
the seminiferous tubules of the testes
The process begins at puberty when the germline epithelium of the
seminiferous tubules divides by mitosis
These cells (spermatogonia) then undergo a period of cell growth,
becoming spermatocytes
The spermatocytes undergo two meiotic divisions to form four haploid
daughter cells (spermatids)
The spermatids then undertake a process of differentiation in order to
become functional sperm cells (spermatozoa)
ACTIVITY
Oogenesis
Oogenesis describes the production of female gametes (ova) within
the ovaries (and, to a lesser extent, the oviduct)
The process begins during fetal development, when a large number of
primordial cells are formed by mitosis (~40,000)
These cells (oogonia) undergo cell growth until they are large enough to
undergo meiosis (becoming primary oocytes)
The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested in prophase I when
granulosa cells surround them to form follicles
The primary oocytes remain arrested in prophase I until puberty, when a
girl begins her menstrual cycle
Each month, hormones (FSH) will trigger the continued division of some
of the primary oocytes
These cells will complete the first meiotic division to form two cells of
unequal size
One cell retains the entirety of the cytoplasm to form a secondary
oocyte, while the other cell forms a polar body
The polar body remains trapped within the follicle until it eventually
degenerates
The secondary oocyte begins the second meiotic division but is arrested
in metaphase II
The secondary oocyte is released from the ovary (ovulation) and enters
into the oviduct (or fallopian tube)
The follicular cells surrounding the oocyte form a corona radiata and
function to nourish the secondary oocyte
If the oocyte is fertilized by a sperm, chemical changes will trigger the
completion of meiosis II and the formation of another polar body (the
first polar body may also undergo a second division to form a third polar
body)
Once meiosis II is complete the mature egg forms an ovum, before
fusing its nucleus with the sperm nucleus to form a zygote
While the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis follow the same basic
pathway, several key differences exist:
1. Number of cells produced
In spermatogenesis, the cells divide equally during meiosis to
produce four functional gametes
In oogenesis, the cells do not divide equally and as a result
only one functional gamete is formed (plus 2 – 3 polar bodies)
2. Size of cells produced
In spermatogenesis, the cells that are formed following differentiation
are all of equal size with equal amounts of cytoplasm
In oogenesis, one daughter cell (the ovum) retains all of the cytoplasm,
while the other daughter cells form polar bodies
The polar bodies remain trapped within the surrounding layer of follicle
cells until they eventually degenerate
3. Timing of the process
In spermatogenesis, the production of gametes is a continuous process
that begins at puberty and continues until death
In oogenesis, the production of gametes is a staggered and finite
process:
It begins before birth (prenatally) with the formation of a fixed
number of primary oocytes (~40,000)
It continues with the onset of puberty according to a monthly
menstrual cycle
It ends when hormonal changes prevent the further continuance
of the menstrual cycle (menopause)
Summary of the Differences between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS
In flowering plants, male and female
reproductive structures can be found in
the same individual plant. The organ of
sexual reproduction is the flower. Male
gametes are found in pollen grains and
produced in the anthers of the flower.
Female gametes are found in ovules and
produced in the ovary of the flower.
Table of flower parts
Structure Function
Sepals Protect the unopened flower bud
Petals May be brightly colored and scented to attract insects
Stamens The male parts of the flower consisting of the anther held up on the
filament
Anthers Produce male gametes (in pollen grains)
Stigma The top of the female part of the flower which collects pollen grains
Ovary The bottom of the female part of the flower, produces the female
gametes (in ovules)
Nectary May be present to produce sugary nectar to attract insects
Pollination and Fertilization
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma.
Pollen can be transferred by an animal or by the wind.
Fertilization takes place inside the ovary when the nucleus of pollen
grain fuses with the nucleus of an ovule to produce a zygote.
Shown below are the steps involved in pollination and fertilization of a
flowering plant.
Step one: After pollen has landed on the
stigma, it grows a pollen tube down
through the style to the ovary.
Step two: The nucleus of the pollen
grain travels down the pollen tube and
fertilizes the nucleus in the ovule.
Step three: The fertilized ovule
develops into a seed. The seed contains
the plant embryo, which contains
genetic material from both parents. The
ovary develops into the fruit.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=2ycl2E9r-_o
Answer page 66 “Quick Check: Growing asexually” and page 76 “Quick Check:
Lost and Found” in your science 7 self-learning module.
APPLICATION
ASSESSMENT Answer page 79 “Evaluation” in your science 7 self-learning module.
Prepared by:
APRIL PAULINE E. BACCOL, LPT
Teacher
Evaluated by:
MEDELYN A. OCENAR, LPT JAQUELYN G. MONTALES,
MA.Ed
Academic Coordinator Principal
