Page 1 Sample Paper 4 Solutions Psychology Class 12

Sample Paper 4 Solution

PSYCHOLOGY (037)
Class XII Session 2023-24
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70
General Instructions:
(i) All questions are compulsory except where internal choice has been given.
(ii) Question No. 1 -15 in Section A carry 1 mark each. You are expected to answer them as directed.
(iii) Question No. 16-21 in Section B are very short answer type-I questions carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 30 words.
(iv) Question No. 22-24 in Section C are short answer type-II questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 60 words.
(v) Question No. 25 - 28 in Section D are long answer type - I questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 120 words.
(vi) Question No. 29-30 in Section E are long answer type - II questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 200 words.
(vii)Question No. 31 – 34 in Section F are based on two cases given. Answer to each 1 mark question should not
exceed 20 words. Answer to each 2 marks question should not exceed 30 words.

3. Tendency of respondent to endorse items in a socially

Section A desirable manner is known as
(a) Acquiescence (b) Self-report
1. Lena transformed from being a rambunctious and (c) Social desirable (d) Halo effect
disorganised person to a stable and sensible individual.
She achieved this by implementing specific changes

Ans :
within herself. What is the most effective method for (c) Social desirable
bringing about drastic changes in centain aspects of
oneself ? 4. ______ is an exceptional general ability shown in
(a) Observation of own behaviour superior performance in a wide variety of areas.
(b) Self-instruction (a) Talent (b) Intelligence
(c) Observation of other’s behaviour (c) Creativity (d) Giftedness
(d) Self-reinforcement


Ans :


Ans : (d) Giftedness
(a) Observation of own behaviour
5. A person’s existence is marked by successive
2. The mental exhaustion appears in the form of changes from the past to the present and it is through
irritability, anxiety, feelings of helplessness and consciousness and the mediation of memory that a
hopelessness. This state of physical, emotional and person can cement together these different stages of
psychological exhaustion is called _______. existence to constitute. What is it called?
(a) hassle (b) burnout (a) Psychological identity
(c) stress (d) disorder (b) Social identity
(c) Evolutionary identity


Ans :
(d) Personal identity
(b) burnout


Ans :
(d) Personal identity
Page 2 Sample Paper 4 Solutions Psychology Class 12

6. In the following question, a statement of Assertion 9. The aim of the treatment is to extinguish or eliminate
(A) is followed by a statement of the Reason (R). the faulty behaviours and substitute them with
Mark the correct option. adaptive behaviour patterns. Name the methodologies
Assertion (A) Adults who are planning to buy a by which the therapist does this.
laptop are more convinced by a computer engineer I. Antecedent operations
who points out the special features of a laptop, than II. Bulk operations
they would be by a school child who might give the III. Intellectual operations
same information. IV. Consequent operations
Reason (R) Attitudes will not change when the Choose the correct option.
amount of information that is given about the topic (a) I and II (b) II and III
is just enough. (c) I, II and III (d) I and IV
Codes
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and

Ans :
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (d) I and IV
(A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, 10. Rahman being in England was raised through Western
but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of education. He was gifted with good recognition
Assertion (A) memory and early appearance of language skills.
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false Identified the traits of a gifted child among the
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true following.
I. High in intrinsic motivation


Ans : II. Solitary academic activities
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but III. Advanced logical thinking
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion IV. Leadership intelligence
(A) Choose the correct option.
(a) I and II (b) II and III
7. Siddhartha is just 7 years old but he has extremely (c) I, II and III (d) II and IV
good hand writing and his teachers told his parents in

Ans :
PTM that there is good chance that Siddhartha shall
become a good writer in future. What sort of trait (c) I, II, and III
demonstrated by Siddhartha here?
(a) Aptitude (b) Personality 11. Sridhar and his colleagues were shortlisted in
(c) Attitude (d) Intelligence their office for a random skills test to predict what
an individual will be able to do if given proper


Ans : environment and training.
(a) Aptitude What shall that test would be called?
(a) Individual Behaviour Test
8. Who emphasised psychological conflict and disturbed (b) Organisational Behaviour Test
interpersonal relationships as causes of psychological (c) Qualitative-Quantitative Test
disorders? (d) Aptitude Test
(a) Garry Froster


Ans :
(b) Johann Weyer
(c) Sigmund Freud (d) Aptitude Test
(d) Joseph Ampoule
12. In the following question, a statement of Assertion


Ans : (A) is followed by a statement of the Reason (R).
(b) Johann Weyer Mark the correct option.
Assertion (A) The message is the information that is
presented in order to bring about an attitude change.
Page 3 Sample Paper 4 Solutions Psychology Class 12

Reason (R) Source credibility and attractiveness are

Ans :

two features that affect attitude change. (a) Type-A
Codes
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion
(A)
Section B
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
16. Which is the structural unit of personality according
but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
to many behaviourists?
Assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false

Ans :
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true According to many behaviourists, the structural unit
of personality is the ‘response’. Each response is a


Ans : behaviour, which is emitted to satisfy a specific need.
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion 17. Samarth is considered as an average boy in his class.
(A) Though he managed to pass with fair marks but this
year he ranked in the bottom. His mother found
13. Identify the disorder, where an individual gets him locked inside the room and crying. Name the
irrational fears related to specific objects, interactions psychological disorder he is suffering.
with people and also fear of situations.

Ans :
(a) Generalised Anxiety Disorder
Samarth is suffering with identity crisis disorder.
(b) Specific Phobia
This theory was given by Erikson, which lays stress
(c) Panic Phobia on rational, conscious ego processes in personality
(d) Mental Anxiety Disorder development.


Ans :
(b) Specific Phobia 18. What is Oedipus Complex.


Ans :
14. Rohan and her wife visited North-Eastern States in During phallic stage, male child experience Oedipus
winter vacation. Unfortunately, he lost her wife due Complex. It involves love for the mother, hostility
to sudden heart failure. After returning to Delhi, he towards the father and consequent fear of punishment
fallen ill and started behaving abnormally. When by the father.
he visited a psychotherapist, he was found grappled
with the feelings of frustration and depression. How
19. Jaspreet, a sports trainer in Gymnastics, everyday
psychotherapists treat patients like Rohan?
train children in the nearby sports complex. He not
(a) Through Medical Treatment
only train but himself first demonstrates each steps
(b) Through Behaviour Pattern to every aspirants. Identify and define the Jaspreet’s
(c) Through Medical Trauma personality.
(d) Through Prolonged Medicinal Treatment

Ans :


Ans : The Jaspreet’s personality is called as ‘Bodily-
(b) Through Behaviour Pattern Kinaesthetic’ which is an ability to use whole or
portions of the body flexibly and creatively. It consists
of the use of whole body or portions of it for display
15. ________ personality seem to possess low motivation,
or construction of products and problem solving.
are patient and feel they have a lot of time and little
work.
(a) Type-A (b) Type-B
(c) Type-C (d) Type-D
Page 4 Sample Paper 4 Solutions Psychology Class 12

20. What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? (ix)Thoughts of death and suicide

Ans : Symptoms associated with mania are as follows
(i) Person become euphoric (high)
Obsessive behaviour is the inability to stop thinking (ii) Extremely active
about a particular idea or topic. People affected by (iii) Excessively talkative
obsessive-compulsive disorder are unable to control (iv) Easily distractible
their preoccupation with specific ideas or are unable
to prevent themselves from repeatedly carrying out a
particular act or series of acts that affect their ability 23. Explain yoga and meditation as Alternative Therapies.
to carry out normal activities.

Ans :
Yoga and meditation are ancient Indian techniques
21. What are the common signs of stress? mentioned in the Ashtanga Yoga of Patanjali’s Yoga


o Sutras. Yoga is commonly refer to the asanas or
What are life skills? body posture component or to breathing practices


Ans : or pranayama. Yoga techniques enhance well-being,
mood, attention, mental focus and stress tolerance.
The common signs of stress include stomach upsets, Proper training by a skilled teacher and a 30-minute
body aches, nausea, diarrhoea and fever, etc. Chronic practice every day will maximise the benefits.
daily stress can divert an individual’s attention from Insomnia is treated with yoga. Yoga also reduces the
caring for herself or himself. time to go to sleep and improves the quality of sleep.


o Meditation refers to the practice of focusing attention
Life skills are abilities for adaptive and positive on breath or on an object or thought or a mantra. In
behaviour that enable individuals to deal effectively Vipasana meditation, also known as mindfulness-
with the demands and challenges of everyday life. based meditation, there is no fixed object or thought
These skills are essential for personal well-being, to hold the attention.
successful social interactions and achieving one’s
goals.
24. Explain unconditional positive regards for others in
the context of counselling.
Section C

o
Explain negative reinforcement and positive
reinforcement for behaviour modification.
22. One of the biggest disadvantage of metropolitan
cities is mental disorder among the various age group.

Ans :
As like the case of Jahnvi, a junior advocate working Unconditional positive regards indicate that the
in the Legal firm. She was smart and does her job positive warmth of the therapist is not dependent on
efficiently. Due to frequent dealing with criminal what the client reveals or does in the therapy sessions.
cases, she was diagnosed with depression. Identify This unique unconditional warmth ensures that the
the symptoms associated with depression and mania. client feels secure, can trust the therapist and feels


Ans : secure enough to explore her/his feelings.
The therapist reflects the feelings of the client in a
In psychological studies, depression and mania are non-judgemental manner. The reflection is achieved
mood descenders. by rephrasing the statements of the client i.e. seeking
Symptoms associated with depression are as follows simple clarifications to enhance the meaning of the
(i) Change in body weight client’s statements. This process of reflection helps
(ii) Constant sleep problems the client to become integrated. This therapy helps a
(iii) Tiredness client to become her/his real self with the therapist
(iv) Inability to think clearly working as a facilitator.
(v) Agitation

o
(vi) Negative self-concept Negative and positive reinforcement for behaviour
(vii) No interest in pleasurable activities are
(viii) Greatly slower behaviour
Page 5 Sample Paper 4 Solutions Psychology Class 12

(i) Negative Reinforcement It is a major technique Psychologists have proposed several theories of
of behaviour modification. Responses that lead intelligence. These theories can be broadly classified
organisms to get rid of painful stimuli or avoid and as a psychometric/structural approach or an
escape from them provide negative reinforcement. information-processing approach.
For example, one learns to put on woolen clothes, The psychometric approach considers intelligence as
burn firewood or use electric heaters to avoid an aggregate of abilities. It expresses the individual’s
the unpleasant cold weather. Person learns to performance in terms of a single index of cognitive
move away from dangerous stimuli because they abilities.
provide negative reinforcement. Information-processing approach describes the
(ii) Positive Reinforcement If an adaptive behaviour processes that people use in intellectual reasoning and
occurs rarely, positive reinforcement is given to problem solving. The major focus of this approach
increase the deficit. The positive reinforcement is on how an intelligent person acts. Information-
used by the child’s mother by preparing the processing approaches emphasise on studying
child’s favourite food will increase the behaviour cognitive functions underlying intelligent behaviour
of doing homework at the appointed time. rather than focusing on structure of intelligence.

27. Explain Allport’s Self-report measures in assessment

Section D of personality.


Ans :
25. Rehana is always worried about her children’s
future. Due to family pressure to have a boy child, The Self-report measures which was suggested by
she became mother of six girls. Her in-laws always Allport is considered as the best method to assess
taunts her and don’t treat her equally in the family. a person by asking her/him about herself/himself.
She remains in the great stress all day long. Explain This led to the use of self-report measures. These are
the psychological meaning and process of stress. fairly structured measures, often based on theory, that
require subjects to give verbal responses using some


Ans : kind of rating scale.
Psychologically, the stress refers to the emotional The method requires the subject to objectively report
and physiological reactions experienced when an her/his own feelings with respect to various items.
individual faces a situation, where that individual The responses are accepted at their face value. They
failed to cope up with. As we can see, how Rehana are scored in quantitative terms and interpreted on the
is living in such unconducive atmosphere, where she basis of norms developed for the test. The Minnesota
feels like loneliness and helplessness. Multiphasic Personality. Inventory (MMPI), Eysenck
Stressors, a stimuli that cause our body to give the Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Sixteen
stress response. Such events include noise, crowding, Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) are the
a bad relationship, or the daily commuting to school well known self-report measures in assessment of
or office. The perception of stress is dependent upon personality.
the individual’s cognitive appraisal of events and the
resources available to deal with them. 28. Define mental retardation. What are its features?
The stress process, is based on the cognitive theory

o
of stress propounded by Lazarus and his colleagues Write features of emotionally intelligent person.
which can be demonstrated as “Cause-Internal State
-Result (Stress Reaction)”. An individual’s response

Ans :
to a stressful situation largely depends upon the The children who show intellectual deficiency are
perceived events and how they are interpreted or termed as mentally challenged or mentally retarded.
appraised. As a group, there is wide variation among the mentally
deficient or retarded.
26. What do you understand by psychometric and The American Association on Mental Deficiency
information-processing approaches approach? (AAMD) views mental retardation as “significantly
sub-average general intellectual functioning existing


Ans :
Page 6 Sample Paper 4 Solutions Psychology Class 12

concurrently with deficits in adaptive behaviour and will develop that attitude further.
manifested during the developmental period”. (iii) Learning Attitudes through Modelling
This definition points to three basic features (observing others) We learn attitudes by observing
(i) First, in order to be judged as mentally retarded, others being rewarded or punished for expressing
a person must show significantly sub-average thoughts or showing behaviour of a particular
intellectual functioning. Persons having IQ below kind towards the attitude object.
70 are judged to have sub-average intelligence. (iv) Learning Attitudes through Group or Cultural
(ii) The second relates to deficits in adaptive Norms We learn attitudes through the norms of
behaviour. Adaptive behaviour refers to a person’s our group or culture. Norms are unwritten rules
capacity to be independent and deal effectively about behaviour that everyone is supposed to
with one’s environment. show under specific circumstances. Over time,
(iii) The third feature is that the deficits must be these norms may become part of our social
observed during the developmental period, that is cognition in the form of attitudes.
between 0 and 18 years of age. (v) Learning through Exposure to Information


o Many attitudes are learned in a social context but
Following are some characteristics of emotionally not necessarily in the physical presence of others.
intelligent persons Today, with the huge amount of information that
(i) Perceive and be sensitive to various types of is being provided through various media, both
emotions in others by noting their body language, positive and negative attitudes are being formed.
voice and tone and facial expressions.

o
(ii) Relate your emotions to your thoughts so that you The following factors influence the attitude formation
take them into account while solving problems (i) Family and School Environment Family and
and taking decisions. the school environment play a significant role in
(iii) Understand the powerful influence of the nature shaping attitude formation.
and intensity of your emotions. Learning of attitudes within the family and
(iv) Control and regulate your emotions and their school usually takes place by association, through
expressions while dealing with self and others to rewards and punishments and through modelling.
achieve harmony and peace. (ii) Reference Groups It indicates to an individual
the norms regarding acceptable behaviour and
ways of thinking. Thus, they reflect learning
Section E of attitudes through group or cultural norms.
Attitudes towards various topics, such as political,
29. Describe attitudes and write about formation of religious and social groups, occupations, national
attitudes. and other issues are often developed through


o reference groups.
Identify the factors that affect the attitude formation. Their influence is noticeable especially during
the beginning of adolescence, at which time it


Ans : is important for the individual to feel that she/he
An attitude is a state of the mind, a set of views or belongs to a group. Therefore, the role of reference
thoughts, regarding some topic (called the ‘attitude groups in attitude formation may also be a case of
object’), which have an evaluative feature (positive, learning through reward and punishment.
negative or neutral quality). (iii) Personal Experiences Many attitudes are formed
The attitudes are formed in the following ways through direct personal experiences which bring
(i) Learning Attitudes by Association A positive about a drastic change in our attitude towards
attitude towards the subject is learned through people and our own life.
the positive association between a teacher and a For example, a driver in army escaped death in
student. an accident where all his companions got killed.
(ii) Learning Attitudes by Being Rewarded or After that he left the job and became a community
Punished If an individual is praised for showing leader for the upliftment of his community.
a particular attitude, chances are high that she/he (iv) Media-related Influences Technological
Page 7 Sample Paper 4 Solutions Psychology Class 12

advances in recent times have made audio-visual rather than individuals acting alone.
media and the Internet very powerful sources Group polarisation can occur due to the following
of information that lead to attitude formation reasons
and change. In addition, school level textbooks (i) When like-minded people are interacting the
also influence attitude formation. These sources views become stronger resulting in a decision
first strengthen the cognitive and affective that favours them.. For example, an employee
components of attitudes and gradually may affect who has done an antisocial activity on the job
the behavioural component. can be given an extreme punishment if all the
The media can apply both good and bad influences individuals were in favour of punishment for him.
on attitudes. The media can be used to create (ii) The favourable view of one person is validated
consumerist attitude where it is not existed. It can by the others, which leads them towards that
also create positive attitudes to facilitate social attitude, this is known as the Bandwagon effect.
harmony. (iii) When you find people having similar views,
you are likely to perceive them as ingroup. You
30. Who discovered the process of groupthink? Also start identifying with the group, begin showing
discuss about the process of groupthink. conformity and as a consequence, your views


o become strengthened.
Explain the polarisation processes in groups. Why
polarisation occur?
Section F


Ans :
Irving Janis discovered a process known as groupthink
in which a group allows its concerns. for unanimity.
Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
The process of groupthink occurs when a group with Gary is a 19-year-old who withdrew from college
a particular agenda makes problematic or irrational after experiencing a manic episode during which he
decisions because its members value harmony and was brought to the attention of the Campus Police.
coherence over accurate and practical analysis as well He had changed his stream from engineering to
as critical evaluation. Individual members of the group philosophy. He spends his nights on phone, talking
are strongly discouraged from any disagreement with to his friends about life and reality. He had been
the consensus and set aside there. convinced about the importance of his ideas, stating
Groupthink suggests the appearance of consensus or frequently that he was more learned and advanced
unanimous agreement within a group. than all his professors.
All members of a group agree upon a particular He also increased a number of high-risk behaviours -
decision of the group. No one express dissenting drinking and engaging in sexual relations in a way that
(disagreement) opinion as it can destroy the cohesion was unlike his previous history. At the present time,
of the group. he has returned home and has been placed on a mood
There are also some ways to prevent groupthink. stabiliser (after a period of time on an antipsychotic),
These are as follows and his psychiatrist is requesting adjunctive
(i) Encouraging and rewarding critical Thinking. psychotherapy for his disorder. The patient’s parents
(ii) Encouraging groups to present alternative courses are somewhat shocked by the diagnosis, but they
of action. acknowledge that Gary had early problems with
(iii) Inviting outside experts to evaluate the group’s anxiety during pre-adolescence, followed by some
decisions. periods of withdrawal and depression during his
(iv) Encouraging members to seek feedback from adolescence. His parents are eager to be involved in
trusted others. treatment, if appropriate.


o
In psychological studies, polarisation processes 31. Identify the disorder with which Gary has been
describe movement in individuals’ views toward diagnosed.
opposite views or extremes. Group polarisation is the

Ans :
phenomenon wherein groups make extreme decisions
Gary has been diagnosed with Bipolar disorder
Page 8 Sample Paper 4 Solutions Psychology Class 12

which is characterised by episodes of both mania and higher performance because of their outstanding
depression with phases of stability in between the potentialities.
episodes.

32. What is Bipolar disorder? Mention few symptoms of

it.


Ans :
Bipolar disorder is a type of mood disorder dealing
with mania and depression.
The symptoms of Bipolar disorder includes mania
or hypomania and depression. Symptoms can cause
unpredictable changes in mood and behaviour,
resulting in significant distress and difficulty in life.

Read the case and answer the questions that.

follow.
On the one hand are the gifted and creative persons. On
the other hand, there are children who face enormous
difficulty in learning even very simple skills. Those
children who show intellectual deficiency are termed
as ‘intellectually disabled’. As a group, there is
wide variation among the intellectually disabled.
The American Association on Mental Deficiency
(AAMD) views intellectual disability as “significantly
sub-average general intellectual functioning existing
concurrently with deficits in adaptive behaviour
and manifested during the developmental period”.
Individuals who are categorised as having intellectual
disability show significant variation in their abilities,
ranging from those who can be taught to work and
function with special attention, to those who cannot
be trained and require institutional care throughout
their lives.

33. What symptoms are associated with intellectual

disability disorder?


Ans :
Some symptoms that are associated with intellectual
disability are Rett syndrome, Dravet syndrome,
Prader-Willi syndrome, Down syndrome, Asperger’s
syndrome, and Fragile X syndrome (Martin-Bell).

34. Explain intellectual giftedness.

Ans :
Intellectual giftedness refers to general ability
shown in superior performance in a wide variety
of areas. Intellectually gifted individuals show