Class : I B.

TECH- II SEM Academic Year :2024-25

Course Title :BASIC ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Regulation : NECR BTECH 23 Credits:- 3 Branch : CSE-A,B,C,AI,AIML,DS,CIVIL & MECH
Faculty :Mr. K.V.Kishore / Mrs.S.Suneetha / Ms.M.Leela Mounika

2 Marks Questions & Answers

PART A: BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Module – 1
DC & AC Circuits

1) State the Ohm’s law.

Ohm’s law states that, at constant temperature, the current passing through a conductor is
directly proportional to the voltage across it,and inversely proportional to the resistance of the
circuit.
Mathematically, this current-voltage relationship is written as
I∞v
I ∞ 1/R
I =V/R

2) State the Kirchhoff Current Law.

KCL or Kirchhoffs current law states that, the algebraic sum of the currents entering to the
node is equal to the algebraic sum of the currents leaving from the node.
Or
The algebraic sum of all the currents meeting at a node is always equal to zero.

In the above diagram, the currents are denoted with a,b,c,d ,e.and f.
According to the KCL law, the entering currents are a,b,c,d and the leaving currents are e
and f with negative value. The equation can be written as
a+b+c+d= e + f

3) State the Kirchhoff Voltage Law.

KVL or Kirchhoff’s voltage law states that, in any linear network, the algebraic sum of the
voltage drops across the circuit element of any closed path is always zero..

This law deals with voltage. A voltage source ‘a’ is connected with five passive components,
namely b, c, d, e, f having voltage differences across them. Arithmetically, the voltage
difference between these components add together because these components are connected
in series. According to the KVL law, the voltage across the passive components in a circuit is
always equal & opposite to the voltage source. Hence, the sum of the voltage differences
across all the elements in a circuit is always zero.

4) Write about Series Circuit.

An electric circuit in which the circuit elements are connected one after the other is known as a series
circuit.
In a series circuit, the second terminal of first element is connected to the first terminal of the second
element as shown in the figure below.

As from the connection diagram of the series circuit, it is clear that all the circuit elements are
cascaded in a single line, thus same current passes through all the elements while the voltage across
each element is different.

5) Write about Parallel Circuit

An electric circuit in which starting terminals of all the elements are connected together at a common
point, while the ending terminals are connected together at another common point is known as
a parallel circuit. The connection diagram of the parallel circuit is shown in the following figure.

From the diagram of the parallel circuit is can be seen that the number of paths for current to flow is
equal to the number of parallel branches in the circuit and different current is flowing through each
branch based on the value of element. Also, all the parallel branches are connected between the
common points, thus the same voltage exists across all the elements.

6) State the Superposition theorem.

It states that, in any linear network consists of two or more sources, the response in any
element is equal to the algebraic sum of the responses produced by each source acting
individually.

7) What is meant by Average Value.

The Average Value of an a alternating quantity is defined as the value which is obtained by
averaging all the instantaneous values over a period of half-cycle..
8) Define the RMS Value.
The RMS (Root Mean Square) value or Effective Value of an AC is given by that steady
current DC which when flowing through a given circuit for a given time, produces the same
amount of heat as produced by the alternating current (ac) which when flowing through same
circuit for same time.

9) Define the Active Power in the AC Circuits and Write its units.
Active Power (P) is defined as the product of applied voltage and active component of the
current (I Cos φ).
P = VI Cos φ.
Units: Watts (w)

10) What is meant by Reactive Power. What are the units of Reactive Power.
Reactive Power (Q) is defined as the product of applied voltage and reactive component of
the current (I Sin φ).
Q = VI Sin φ.
Units: Volt-Ampere Reactive (VAR)
 Module – 2
Machines and Measuring Instruments

1. Define a DC Generator and Motor?

An electrical generator is a machine which converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy.
An electrical motor is a machine which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

2. What are the main parts of a DC generator?

The main parts if a DC generator are,
a) Yoke or frame – Provides mechanical support to the poles.
b) Pole core – The solid portion of the pole over which field coils are wound.
c) Pole shoe –The base of pole which has projected structure to spread the flux in
the air
gap.
d) Field coils – The coils which carry the field current responsible for producing
the
necessary magnetic field in the generator.
e) Armature core –The solid portion of the armature which has slots on the
periphery to
carry the armature windings.
f) Armature windings – The coil carrying the induced emf produced in the
generator.
g) Commutator – The mechanical rotating switch which converts the AC
voltage produced in the armature to a DC voltage in the external circuit.

3. What are the parts of a transformer?

The transformer has mainly following parts.
a) Primary winding – the coil to which the AC supply is given
b) Secondary winding – the coil from which output is taken and given to load.
c) Laminated Core – this acts as a mechanical support to the coils as well as
provides magnetic path for the flux.

4. What is the principle of motor?

When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field it experiences a mechanical
force.

5. Write the principle of operation of transformers.

Transformers work on the principle of Mutual Induction between the two circuits which is
linked by a common magnetic flux path.

6. State the principle of 3 phase IM?

Induction Motor works on the principle of Electro-Magnetic Induction.
When a three phase supply is given to the three phase stator winding, a Rotating Magnetic
Field (RMF) of constant magnitude is produced. The speed of RMF is Synchronous Speed
(Ns).
Ns = 120f/p

7.What is the working principle of an alternator?

The alternators works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Whenever there is a
relative motion between the conductors and the flux, e.m.f gets induced in the conductors
according to Faradays Laws of Electromagnetic induction.

8. What is meant by PMMC and write its working principle?

PMMC means Permanent Magnet Moving Coil, it is one type of instrument which is most
accurate for d.c measurements. PMMC instruments mainly works on motoring principle.
when a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field produced by a permanent
magnet, the coil experiences a force and hence moves.

9. State the principle of moving iron instruments?

A soft iron piece is brought near the magnets gets attracted by the magnet is the principle of
moving iron attraction type instruments. When like polarities of magnet face each other they
experiences a force of repulsion.

10. What is the Wheatstone Bridge Principle?

The Wheatstone bridge works on the principle of null deflection, i.e. the ratio of their
resistances is equal, and no current flows through the circuit. Under normal conditions, the
bridge is in an unbalanced condition where current flows through the galvanometer.
 MODULE – 3
Energy Resources, Electricity Bill & Safety Measures

1) What are the essential elements of hydro power plant?

1. Catchment area
2. Reservation
3. Dam
4. Surge tanks
5. Draft tubes
6. Power house
7. Switched for transmission of power

2) Define turbine
A turbine converts energy in the form of falling water into rotating shaft power. The selection
of best turbine for any particular site depends on the site characteristics.

3) State names of any two fuels used in nuclear power plant.

Fuel used in nuclear power plant
i) Uranium ii) Thorium iii) Plutonium
OR
i) Natural Uranium ( 92U235 ) ii) Enriched Uranium iii) 92U233 is formed as U238
92

4) What is mean by Nuclear Fission?

Nuclear fission is a reaction where the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller
nuclei, while releasing energy.

5) Define Nuclear Fusion.

Fusion means joining smaller nuclei to make a larger nucleus. The sun uses nuclear fusion of
hydrogen atoms into helium atoms. This gives off heat and other radiation.

6) Write the components used in Nuclear power plant

i) Core ii) Nuclear fuel iii) Moderator iv) Control rods v) Reflector vi) Reactor vessel
vii) Shielding

7) What are the components of solar energy?

1. Collector
2. Storage unit
8) List any four advantages of wind turbine.
1.Inexhaustible fuel source 2.No pollution
3.Excellent supplement to other renewable source 4.Its free

9 ) What is tariff?
Different methods of charging consumers are known as tariff or rates of payment for the
consumption of electricity.

10) What are the objectives of tariff?

A) Recovery of cost of capital investment in generating, transmitting and distributing
equipment.
B)Recovery of cost of operation, supplies and maintenance of equipment.
C) Recovery of cost of metering equipment, billing, collection costs etc.
D) A satisfactory return on the total capital investment.