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Maths Notes

The document contains notes on coordinate geometry, covering concepts such as the Pythagorean theorem, distance formula, slopes, and the relationships between parallel and perpendicular lines. It includes examples and explanations for finding lengths, slopes, midpoints, and points of division in coordinate planes. Additionally, it provides guidance on solving problems related to rectilinear figures using coordinate systems.

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Nathan Fok
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20 views14 pages

Maths Notes

The document contains notes on coordinate geometry, covering concepts such as the Pythagorean theorem, distance formula, slopes, and the relationships between parallel and perpendicular lines. It includes examples and explanations for finding lengths, slopes, midpoints, and points of division in coordinate planes. Additionally, it provides guidance on solving problems related to rectilinear figures using coordinate systems.

Uploaded by

Nathan Fok
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Maths notes (F3)

Ch.8 Coordinate geometry


Name: __________________________( ) Class:___________________-
A. Concept review
 Do you still remember what Pythagoras theorem is?
E.g. Find the length of AC.
A

3 cm

B 4 cm C

 Find the length of AB, CD in the following coordinate plane.


B. Distance formula
 E.g. How can you find the length of AB?????

 The formula for finding distances of any lines (尤其打斜 D 綫) is called distance formula:

Note: Some questions may NOT give any pics for you!!!
You should draw the coordinate plane with points in your rough paper!!!!

E.g. P (0,2), Q(2,8) and R(8,6) are vertices of a triangle on a rectangular coordinate plane.
(a) Find the lengths of PQ, QR and PR in surd form.
(b) Is Δ PQR an isosceles triangle? Explain your answer.
(c) Is Δ PQR a right-angled triangle? Explain your answer.

C. Slopes
 What is a slope?????
 A slope is the steepness of a line in the coordinate plane. (Similar to gradient)
Δy
It is calculated by: slope of L = Δx (Δ means change)

 There are 4 main cases of slopes:


1. Slopes of lines sloping upwards from left to right

2. Slopes of lines sloping downwards from left to right

3. Slopes of vertical lines

4. Slopes of horizontal lines

 Slopes can be also calculated from the inclination of the lines:


E.g.
D. Relations of slopes between parallel and perpendicular lines
 Case 1: Parallel lines
Consider the slopes of parallel lines k1, k2, and k3:

 For parallel lines, the slopes of the lines are ___________.


i.e. when L1 // L2 , m1 = m2.
The opposite also occurs, i.e. when m1 = m2 , L1 // L2 .

 Case 2: Perpendicular lines


Notice the following:

Consider a point A(4,3). Find the slope of OA and OA’, where A’ is formed by rotating A
anticlockwise 90° about the origin.

It is noticeable that:

 Note: This CANNOT be applied to horizontal, vertical lines


(their slopes = 0/undefined!!!!)
E. Point of division and section formula

1. Finding mid-points
 A mid-point is a point that bisects a line
segment into 2 smaller equal line segments.

 Its coordinates can be found by:

 Proof:

2. Finding internal point of division


 A point of division is a point that divides
a line segment into smaller lines with a length
of a certain ratio.

 Its coordinates can be found by:

 Proof:
F. Introducing coordinate planes to rectilinear figures
 Here are the steps for solving problems on figures with a coordinate plane:
1. Introduce a coordinate plane first
 Try to use special points as the origin.

2. Let coordinates with unknowns of different points in a figure.

3. Try to deduce what the question wants by properties or reasons you’ve learnt.

e.g.
Examples

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