Components of building’s
What is a structure?
A structure is a system of inter connected elements to
carry loads safely to under ground earth.
Basically in building structures there are 2 types of
structures:
(1) Framed structure
(2) Load bearing structure.
Transmission of Loads
LOADS
Slabs
BEAMS BEAMS BEAMS
C C C
O O O
L L L
U U U
M M M
N N N
S S S
FOUNDATION SYSTEM
THEY MADE IT! THE LOADS HAVE REACHED THE GROUND!
Loads to Consider
Dead Loads:
“Dead loads consist of the weights of the various structural members and the
weights of any objects that are permanently attached to the structure.”
Live Loads:
Occupancy Loads
Wind Loads
Snow Loads
Earthquake Loads
Other Loads:
Blast Loads
Variance in temperatures
Uneven settling of soil
Components of Buildings
Any building has two parts
• superstructure
• substructure
The various components of the
superstructure are
• Masonry units such as walls and
columns
• Floors
• Doors, windows and other openings
• Roof structures
• Elevators, ramps and
• Building finishes
Weathering Course
Parapet
Roof Slab
Brick Masonry
Lintel
Door
Damp Proof Course
Floor Finish
Plinth
Floor Concrete
Step
Ground Level
Basement
Sand Filling
Foundation
Foundation concrete
COMPONENTS OF A BUILDING
Components of framed building structure
This building has ground floor, first floor, second
floor, and terrace floor.
The vertical elements are the columns.
The horizontal bands are the beams.
The flat surface on which you can stand is the
slab.
Walls, windows are added later to give protection
to inhabitants.
The loads such as human beings, furniture etc. is
carried by this frame.
The walls have no role except protecting the
inhabitants from weather.
Components of framed building structure
This is a completed building as a framed building.
From the photo, you can see the red color; brick
walls, grey color; - vertical columns and beams.
Framed building
Load Bearing Structure
Instead of columns and
beams, it has walls taking the
load.
Walls play a dual role of
taking loads and protecting
the inhabitants. The walls are
generally brick or stone.
Since the walls take the load
they cannot be moved or
removed.
The older structures of 2 to 3
storey were load bearing.
Damaged wall can result in
collapse
Structural components of reinforced concrete buildings
Structural components of reinforced concrete buildings
services for Buildings
FOOTING
Distribute load of structure to wide surface
area to prevent any type of movement
Plinth
Dividing line between the substructure and superstructure
Stairs, Lifts, Escalators
WALLS
It is the vertical structural
members which may support
to the roof or act as partition
wall or compound wall.
Walls in various forms of
masonry work such as brick
masonry, stone masonry,
composite masonry, hollow
bricks.
Doors
These are the openings which allow entrance in the building and circulation
through different rooms.
Windows
These are opening generally constructed in the external wall which
provides air and light inside the rooms .
Lintels
A beam that carries the wall load lies above doors and windows
Building services
Electrical works
Conduit (concealed / open) & Wiring
Cable Tray / Cable laying
Transformer / Electrical Panel / Diesel generators (Cooling tower) /Distribution board / UPS
Earthing / Lightning protection
Light fixtures / Power sockets
Building services
Plumbing services
Pipe laying (Water / sewage)
Pumps / Tanks / Sump
Sewage treatment plants
Sanitary fittings
Building services
Fire fighting system
Pipe laying
Pumps
Sprinkler system
Automatic fire detection system (fire alarm system)
Pipe laying, cable laying, detectors, hooters…
Fire fighting system
Smoke detectors
Sprinkler systems
Building services
Air conditioning /ventilation
-duct laying
-AHU (Air handling units), chillers and pipes, sensors, heat Insulation
-Exhaust fans
Dispensers
AHU HVAC DUCT
CHILLER UNIT
Other services
BMS (Building Management System)
Access control
CCTV Cameras
PA (Public address / BGM (Back ground music system/ETBS (Emergency
talk back system)
Door access control
Boom barrier
