Energy Freedman

1. The diagram below shows block A, having mass 2m and 6. Which graph best represents the relationship between the
speed v, and block B having mass m and speed 2v. kinetic energy, KE, and the velocity of an object accelerating
in a straight line?
A)

Compared to the kinetic energy of block A, the kinetic

energy of block B is
A) the same B) twice as great
C) one-half as great D) four times as great B)

2. If the direction of a moving car changes and its speed

remains constant, which quantity must remain the same?
A) velocity B) momentum
C) displacement D) kinetic energy
C)

3. A 60.0-kilogram runner has 1920 joules of kinetic energy.

At what speed is she running?
A) 5.66 m/s B) 8.00 m/s
C) 32.0 m/s D) 64.0 m/s
D)
4. A 45.0-kilogram boy is riding a 15.0-kilogram bicycle with
a speed of 8.00 meters per second. What is the combined
kinetic energy of the boy and the bicycle?
A) 240. J B) 480. J
C) 1440 J D) 1920 J

5. If the speed of a car is doubled, the kinetic energy of the car 7. A 1.0-kilogram rubber ball traveling east at 4.0 meters per
is second hits a wall and bounces back toward the west at 2.0
meters per second. Compared to the kinetic energy of the
A) quadrupled B) quartered
ball before it hits the wall, the kinetic energy of the ball
C) doubled D) halved after it bounces off the wall is
A) one-fourth as great B) one-half as great
C) the same D) four times as great

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8. A 1.0-kilogram book resting on the ground is moved 1.0
meter at various angles relative to the horizontal. In which
direction does the 1.0-meter displacement produce the
greatest increase in the book’s gravitational potential
energy?
A)

B)

C)

D)

9. What is the gravitational potential energy with respect to the

surface of the water of a 75.0 kilogram diver located 3.00
meters above the water?
A) 2.17 104 J B) 2.21 103 J
C) 2.25 102 J D) 2.29 101 J

10. An object weighing 15 Newtons is lifted from the ground

to a height of 0.22 meter. The increase in the object’s
gravitational potential energy is approximately
A) 310 J B) 32 J C) 3.3 J D) 0.34 J

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11. Which graph best represents the relationship between the gravitational potential energy of a freely falling object
and the object’s height above the ground near the surface of Earth?
A) B)

C) D)

12. Two weightlifters, one 1.5 meters tall and one 2.0 meters 14. The diagram below shows a 50.-kilogram crate on a
tall, raise identical 50.-kilogram masses above their heads. frictionless plane at angle to the horizontal. The crate is
Compared to the work done by the weightlifter who is 1.5 pushed at constant speed up the incline from point A to
meters tall, the work done by the weightlifter who is 2.0 point B by force F.
meters tall is
A) less B) greater
C) the same

13. A student does 60. joules of work pushing a 3.0-kilogram

box up the full length of a ramp that is 5.0 meters long. If angle were increased, what would be the effect on the
What is the magnitude of the force applied to the box to do magnitude of force F and the total work W done on the
this work? crate as it is moved from A to B?

A) 20. N B) 15 N C) 12 N D) 4.0 N A) W would remain the same and the magnitude of F

would decrease.
B) W would remain the same and the magnitude of F
would increase.
C) W would increase and the magnitude of F would
decrease.
D) W would increase and the magnitude of F would
increase.

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15. The diagram below shows points A, B, and C at or near 20. A 40.-kilogram student runs up a staircase to a floor that is
Earth's surface. As a mass is moved from A to B, 100. 5.0 meters higher than her starting point in 7.0 seconds.
joules of work are done against gravity. The student’s power output is
A) 29 W B) 280 W
C) 1.4 × 103 W D) 1.4 × 104 W

21. The graph below represents the relationship between the

work done by a student running up a flight of stairs and the
time of ascent.

What is the amount of work done against gravity as an

identical mass is moved from A to C?
A) 100. J B) 200. J C) 173 J D) 273 J

16. A constant force of 1900 Newtons is required to keep an

automobile having a mass of 1.0 × 103 kilograms moving
at a constant speed of 20. meters per second. The work
done in moving the automobile a distance of 2.0 × 103
meters is
A) 2.0 × 104J B) 3.8 × 104J
C) 2.0 × 106 J D) 3.8 × 106 J

What does the slope of this graph represent?

17. Which combination of units can be used to express work?
A) impulse B) momentum
A) newton • second C) speed D) power
meter
B) newton • meter
second 22. In raising an object vertically at a constant speed of 2.0
C) newton/meter meters per second, 10. watts of power is developed. The
D) newton • meter weight of the object is
A) 5.0 N B) 20. N C) 40. N D) 50. N
18. In the diagram below, a 20.0-newton force is used to push
a 2.00-kilogram cart a distance of 5.00 meters. 23. A 2000-watt motor working at full capacity can vertically
lift a 400-newton weight at a constant speed of
A) 2 × 103 m/s B) 50 m/s
C) 5 m/s D) 0.2 m/s
The work done on the cart is
A) 100. J B) 200. J C) 150. J D) 40.0 J 24. A boat weighing 9.0 × 102 Newtons requires a horizontal
force of 6.0 × 102 Newtons to move it across the water at
1.5 × 101 meters per second. The boat’s engine must
19. A student applies a 20.-newton force to move a crate at a provide energy at the rate of
constant speed of 4.0 meters per second across a rough
floor. How much work is done by the student on the crate A) 2.5 × 10–2 J B) 4.0 × 101 W
in 6.0 seconds? C) 7.5 × 103 J D) 9.0 × 103 W
A) 80. J B) 120 J C) 240 J D) 480 J

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25. A 95-kilogram student climbs 4.0 meters up a rope in 3.0 31. The diagram below shows a moving, 5.00-kilogram cart at
seconds. What is the power output of the student? the foot of a hill 10.0 meters high. For the cart to reach the
top of the hill, what is the minimum kinetic energy of the
A) 1.3 × 102 W B) 3.8 × 102 W
cart in the position shown? [Neglect energy loss due to
C) 1.2 × 103 W D) 3.7 × 103 W friction.]

26. A motor used 120. watts of power to raise a 15-newton

object in 5.0 seconds. Through what vertical distance was
the object raised?
A) 1.6 m B) 8.0 m C) 40. m D) 360 m A) 4.91 J B) 50.0 J C) 250. J D) 491 J

27. A 3.0-kilogram block is initially at rest on a frictionless, 32. A 1-kilogram rock is dropped from a cliff 90 meters high.
horizontal surface. The block is moved 8.0 meters in 2.0 After falling 20 meters, the kinetic energy of the rock is
seconds by the application of a 12-newton horizontal approximately
force, as shown in the diagram below.
A) 20 J B) 200 J C) 700 J D) 900 J

33. As a ball falls freely (without friction) toward the ground,

its total mechanical energy

What is the average power developed while moving the A) decreases B) increases
block? C) remains the same
A) 24 W B) 32 W C) 48 W D) 96 W
34. As an object falls freely, the kinetic energy of the object
28. A motor having a power rating of 500. watts is used to lift A) decreases B) increases
an object weighing 100. Newtons. How much time does C) remains the same
the motor take to lift the object a vertical distance of 10.0
meters?
35. Which device transforms mechanical energy into electrical
A) 0.500 s B) 2.00 s energy?
C) 5.00 s D) 50.0 s
A) generator B) motor
C) transformer D) mass spectrometer
29. What is the maximum height to which a 1200-watt motor
could lift an object weighing 200. Newtons in 4.0 seconds?
36. As shown in the diagram below, a student exerts an
A) 0.67 m B) 1.5 m average force of 600. newtons on a rope to lift a
C) 6.0 m D) 24 m 50.0-kilogram crate a vertical distance of 3.00 meters.

30. A 0.50-kilogram ball is thrown vertically upward with an

initial kinetic energy of 25 joules. Approximately how
high will the ball rise? [Neglect air resistance.]
A) 2.6 m B) 5.1 m C) 13 m D) 25 m

Compared to the work done by the student, the

gravitational potential energy gained by the crate is
A) exactly the same B) 330 J less
C) 330 J more D) 150 J more

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37. When a force moves an object over a rough, horizontal 40. In the diagram below, 400. joules of work is done raising a
surface at a constant velocity, the work done against 72-newton weight a vertical distance of 5.0 meters.
friction produces an increase in the object’s
A) weight B) momentum
C) potential energy D) internal energy

38. A constant force is used to keep a block sliding at constant

velocity along a rough horizontal track. As the block
slides, there could be an increase in its
A) gravitational potential energy, only
B) internal energy, only
C) gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy
D) internal energy and kinetic energy

39. A block weighing 15 Newtons is pulled to the top of an

incline that is 0.20 meter above the ground, as shown
below.

If 4.0 joules of work are needed to pull the block the full How much work is done to overcome friction as the
length of the incline, how much work is done against weight is raised?
friction? A) 40. J B) 360 J C) 400. J D) 760 J
A) 1.0 J B) 0.0 J C) 3.0 J D) 7.0 J
41. The diagram below shows a 5.0-kilogram mass sliding 9.0
meters down an incline from a height of 2.0 meters in 3.0
seconds. The object gains 90. joules of kinetic energy
while sliding.

How much work is done against friction as the mass slides

the 9.0 meters?
A) 0 J B) 8 J C) 45 J D) 90. J

42. When a 1.53-kilogram mass is placed on a spring with a

spring constant of 30.0 newtons per meter, the spring is
compressed 0.500 meter. How much energy is stored in
the spring?
A) 3.75 J B) 7.50 J C) 15.0 J D) 30.0 J

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43. The spring in a scale in the produce department of a 46. The graph below shows elongation as a function of the
supermarket stretches 0.025 meter when a watermelon applied force for two springs, A and B.
weighing 1.0 × 102 newtons is placed on the scale. The
spring constant for this spring is
A) 3.2 × 105 N/m B) 4.0 × 103 N/m
C) 2.5 N/m D) 3.1 × 10–2 N/m

44. As shown in the diagram below, a 0.50-meter-long spring

is stretched from its equilibrium position to a length of
1.00 meter by a weight.

Compared to the spring constant for spring A, the spring

constant for spring B is
A) smaller B) larger
C) the same
If 15 joules of energy are stored in the stretched spring,
what is the value of the spring constant?
A) 30. N/m B) 60. N/m
C) 120 N/m D) 240 N/m

45. A 5-newton force causes a spring to stretch 0.2 meter.

What is the potential energy stored in the stretched spring?
A) 1 J B) 0.5 J C) 0.2 J D) 0.1 J

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47. Which graph best represents the elastic potential energy stored in a spring (PEs) as a function of its elongation, x?
A) B)

C) D)

48. The graph below shows the relationship between the 50. In the diagram below, a student compresses the spring in a
elongation of a spring and the force applied to the spring pop-up toy 0.020 meter.
causing it to stretch.

If the spring has a spring constant of 340 newtons per

meter, how much energy is being stored in the spring?
A) 0.068 J B) 0.14 J
C) 3.4 J D) 6.8 J
What is the spring constant for this spring?
A) 0.020 N/m B) 2.0 N/m 51. The diagram below shows a 0.1-kilogram apple attached to
C) 25 N/m D) 50. N/m a branch of a tree 2 meters above a spring on the ground
below.
49. A spring has a spring constant of 120 newtons per meter.
How much potential energy is stored in the spring as it is
stretched 0.20 meter?
A) 2.4 J B) 4.8 J C) 12 J D) 24 J

The apple falls and hits the spring, compressing it 0.1

meter from its rest position. If all of the gravitational
potential energy of the apple on the tree is transferred to
the spring when it is compressed, what is the spring
constant of this spring?
A) 10 N/m B) 40 N/m
C) 100 N/m D) 400 N/m

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52. The spring of a toy car is wound by pushing the car
backward with an average force of 15 Newtons through a
distance of 0.50 meter. How much elastic potential energy
is stored in the car’s spring during this process?
A) 1.9 J B) 7.5 J C) 30. J D) 56 J

53. A catapult with a spring constant of 1.0 × 104 newtons per

meter is required to launch an airplane from the deck of an
aircraft carrier. The plane is released when it has been
displaced 0.50 meter from its equilibrium position by the
catapult. The energy acquired by the airplane from the
catapult during takeoff is approximately
A) 1.3 × 103 J B) 2.0 × 104 J
C) 2.5 × 103 J D) 1.0 × 104 J

54. A 0.10-kilogram ball dropped vertically from a height of

l.00 meter above the floor bounces back to a height of 0.80
meter. The mechanical energy lost by the ball as it
bounces is
A) 0.080 J B) 0.20 J
C) 0.30 J D) 0.78 J

55. The diagram below shows three positions, A, B, and C, in

the swing of a pendulum, released from rest at point A.
[Neglect friction.]

Which statement is true about this swinging pendulum?

A) The potential energy at A equals the kinetic energy at
C.
B) The speed of the pendulum at A equals the speed of
the pendulum at B.
C) The potential energy at B equals the potential energy
at C.
D) The potential energy at A equals the kinetic
energy at B.

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 Base your answers to questions 56 and 57 on the information and diagram below.

A -kilogram car is initially at rest at point A on a roller coaster track. The car carries a -kilogram
passenger and is meters above the ground at point . [Neglect friction.]

56. Calculate the total gravitational potential energy, relative to the ground, of the car and the passenger at point .
[Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

57. Calculate the speed of the car and passenger at point . [Show all work, including the equation and substitution
with units.]

Base your answers to questions 58 through 60 on the information and diagram below.

A 1000.-kilogram empty cart moving with a speed of 6.0 meters per second is about to collide with a
stationary loaded cart having a total mass of 5000. kilograms, as shown. After the collision, the carts lock
and move together. [Assume friction is negligible.]

58. Calculate the speed of the combined carts after the collision.

59. Calculate the kinetic energy of the combined carts after the collision.

60. How does the kinetic energy of the combined carts after the collision compare to the kinetic energy of the carts
before the collision?

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 Base your answers to questions 61 through 63 on the Base your answers to questions 65 through 67 on the
information below. information and diagram below.

The driver of a car made an emergency stop on a A mass, M, is hung from a spring and reaches
straight horizontal road. The wheels locked and the equilibrium at position B. The mass is then raised to
car skidded to a stop. The marks made by the rubber position A and released. The mass oscillates between
tires on the dry asphalt are 16 meters long, and the positions A and C. [Neglect friction.]
car’s mass is 1200 kilograms.
61. Calculate the magnitude of the frictional force the road
applied to the car in stopping it.

62. Calculate the work done by the frictional force in stopping

the car.

63. Assuming that energy is conserved, calculate the speed of

the car before the brakes were applied.

64. Base your answer to the following question on the

information below.

A proton starts from rest and gains 65. At which position, A, B, or C, is mass M located when the
joule of kinetic energy as it accelerates between points kinetic energy of the system is at a maximum? Explain
A and B in an electric field. your choice.
What is the final speed of the proton?
A) 7.07 × 106 m/s B) 1.00 × 107 m/s 66. At which position, A, B, or C, is mass M located when the
C) 4.28 × 108 m/s D) 5.00 × 1013 m/s gravitational potential energy of the system is at a
maximum? Explain your choice.

67. At which position, A, B, or C, is mass M located when the

elastic potential energy of the system is at a maximum?
Explain your choice.

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 Base your answers to questions 68 and 69 on the
information and diagram below.

A 160.-newton box sits on a 10.-meter-long

frictionless plane inclined at an angle of 30.° to the
horizontal as shown. Force (F) applied to a rope
attached to the box causes the box to move with a
constant speed up the incline.

68. On the diagram above, construct a vector to represent the

weight of the box. Use a metric ruler and a scale of 1.0
centimeter = 40. newtons. Begin the vector at point B and
label its magnitude in newtons.

69. Calculate the amount of work done in moving the box

from the bottom to the top of the inclined plane. [Show all
work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

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 Base your answers to questions 70 and 71 on the information and diagram below.

A block of mass m starts from rest at height h on a frictionless incline. The block slides down the
incline across a frictionless level surface and comes to rest by compressing a spring through
distance x, as shown in the diagram below.

70. Name the forms of mechanical energy possessed by the system when the block is in position A and in position B.

71. Determine the spring constant, k, in terms of g, h, m, and x. [Show all work including formulas and an algebraic
solution for k.]

Base your answers to questions 72 and 73 on the information below.

A student conducted a series of experiments to investigate the effect of mass, length, and
amplitude (angle of release) on a simple pendulum. The table below shows the initial conditions
for a series of trials.

72. Which three trials should the student use to test the effect of mass on the period of the pendulum?

73. Which three trials should the student use to test the effect of length on the period of the pendulum?

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 Base your answers to questions 74 and 75 on the information below.

A 680-newton student runs up a flight of stairs 3.5 meters high in 11.4 seconds. The student takes 8.5
seconds to run up the same flight of stairs during a second trial.
74. Determine the power developed by the student during the 11.4 -second climb.

75. Using one or more complete sentences, compare the power developed by the student climbing the stairs in 11.4
seconds to the power developed during the 8.5-second trial.

Base your answers to questions 76 through 78 on the information and the diagram below, which is drawn to a
scale of 1.0 centimeter = 3.0 meters.

A 650-kilogram roller coaster car starts from rest at the top of the first hill of its track and glides freely.
[Neglect friction.]

76. Using a metric ruler and the scale of 1.0 cm = 3.0 m, determine the height of the first hill.

77. Determine the gravitational potential energy of the car at the top of the first hill. [Show all calculations, including
the equation and substitution with units.]

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78. Using one or more complete sentences, compare the kinetic energy of the car at the top of the second hill to its
kinetic energy at the top of the third hill.

Base your answers to questions 79 through 81 on the information and diagram below.

A 20.-kilogram block is placed at the top of a 10.-meter-long inclined plane. The block starts
from rest and slides without friction down the length of the incline.

79. Determine the gravitational potential energy of the block at the top of the incline. [Show all calculations,
including the equation and substitution with units.]

80. Determine the kinetic energy of the block just as it reaches the bottom of the incline.

81. On the axes provided above, sketch a graph of the gravitational potential energy of the block as a function of its
kinetic energy for the complete slide. Label your graph with appropriate values and units.

Page 15
Page 16
 Answer Key
2015-16 Energy

1. B 38. B 60. The KE of the 70. Credit for

2. D 39. A combined carts indicating kinetic
3. B 40. A after the collision is energy when the
less than the KE of block is in position
4. D 41. B
the carts before the A and credit for
5. A 42. A collision. indicating potential
6. D 43. B 61. Ff = 8,000 N or energy when the
7. A 44. C 8,040 N block is in position
8. D 45. B B. Appropriate
62. W = 1.3 × 10 5 J or responses include,
9. B 46. B 128,000 J but are not limited
10. C 47. D 63. v = 15 m/s or v i = to:
11. A 48. D 14.6 m/s Position A: kinetic
12. B 49. A 64. B or KE, or energy of
13. C 50. A
motion
65. B, because the mass Position B: elastic
14. D 51. D has the greatest or potential, or
15. A 52. B speed or energy of position
16. D 53. A B, because the total
71. PE = mg h
potential energy is
17. D 54. B PE s
least or 2
18. A 55. D B, the speed at A = kx
19. D 56. and C is zero kx 2 = mg h
20. B 66. A, because it is the k
21. D highest point of = 2mg h / x 2
22. A 57. travel
23. C 67. C, because the
24. D spring is stretched
the maximum
25. C
amount or
26. C C, because the KE
72. Credit for R, U, Y
27. C and gravitational
28. B PE are a minimum 73. Credit for W, X, Z
29. D 68. 74. P = W/ t; P =
30. B (680 N ×
31. D
3.5m)/11.4s; P =
208.8 J/s
32. B 58. v f = 1.0 m/s
33. C 59. KE = 3.0 x 10 3 J
34. B 69. w = Fd sin
35. A w = (160. N)(10.
36. B
m)(sin 30.°)
w = 800 J
37. D

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 Answer Key
2015-16 Energy

75. – The power

developed during
the 11.4 -second
trial is less.
– The power
developed during
the 11.4 -second
trial is less than the
power developed
during the 8.5
-second trial.
76. 24 m 1m
77. PE = 152,880
kg•m 2/s2 or PE =
1.5 × 10 5 J
78. The kinetic energy
of the car at the top
of the second hill is
less than the kinetic
energy of the car at
the top of the third
hill.
or The car's KE is
less.
79. Acceptable
responses: PE =
mg h; PE =
(20. kg)(9.8 m/s 2
)(5.0 m); PE =
980 J; or PE =
9.8 × 102 kg•m 2/s2
80. 980 J; Allow credit
for an answer that
is consistent with
the student’s
answer to the
previous question.
81.

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