OUR LADY OF GRACE SCHOOL

Manzon, San Carlos City, Pangasinan

S.Y. 2021-2022

“EVERY LEARNER MATTERS, EVERY MOMENT COUNTS”

QUARTER 1: LEARNING MODULE # 8

GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11

LESSON 14: LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Logarithmic function is the inverse of exponential function. It is a function in the form ¿ log a x ,
where a> 0 and a ≠ 1.
In this definition y=log a x is called the logarithm form and a y =x is called the exponential form.
Changing Exponential form to Logarithmic form
Examples:
Exponential form Logarithmic form
5
1. 2 =32 5=log 2 32
2
2. 6 =36 2=log 6 36
3
3. 2 =8 3=log 2 8
0
4. 20 =1 0=log 20 1
5. ¿ 1
4=log 1
5
625

Changing Logarithmic form into Exponential form

Examples:
Logarithmic form Exponential form
1. 0=log 7 1 0
7 =1
2. 3=log 10 1000 3
10 =1,000
3. 0=log 3 1 ¿
4

4. 2=log 8 64 2
8 =64
5. 3=log 6 216 3
6 =216

ACTIVITY 1
Change the following exponential form into logarithmic form. Write your answer on a piece of
paper.
Exponential form Logarithmic form
1. 8 4=4096
−3 1
2. 9 =
729
3. ¿
4. 10 00 =1
5. 52=25

ACTIVITY 2
Change the following logarithmic form into exponential form. Write your answer on a piece of
paper.
Logarithmic form Exponential form
1
1. =log x 49
2
2. x=log 8 73

3. x=log 4 99
4. 4=log 7 2401
5. 10=log 2 1024
LAWS OF LOGARITHMS
1. Logarithm of a Product
The logarithm of a product is the sum of the logarithms: log a xy=log a x+ log a y
Examples:
a. log 3 PQ=log3 P+ log3 Q
b. log 6 ABCD=log 6 A +log 6 B+log 6 C+ log 6 D
2 3 2 3
c. log 4 X Y =log 4 X + log 4 Y
¿ 2 log 4 X + 3 log 4 Y
d. log 2 ( 4 ∙8 )=log 2 4 +log 2 8=log 2 22 + log 2 23=2+ 3=5
2 3
¿ log 2 2 +log 2 2
¿ 2+3
log 2( 4 ∙¿8)=5 ¿
e. log 3 ( 9 x )=log 3 9+ log 3 x
2
¿ log 3 3 +log 3 x
¿ 2+log 3 x
f. log 2 8 a=log 2 8+ log 2 a
3
¿ log 2 2 +log 2 a
¿ 3+ log 2 a
2. Logarithm of a Quotient
x
The logarithm of a product is the difference of the logarithms: log a =log a x−log a y
y
Examples:
P
a. log 3 =log 3 P−log 3 Q
Q
2
X 2 5
b. log 5 5 =log 5 X −log 5 Y
Y
¿ 2 log 5 X−5 log 5 Y
mn
c. log a =log a m+ log a n−log a p
p
81
d. log 3 ( ¿ )=log 3 81−log 3 a ¿
a
4
¿ log 3 3 −log 3 a
¿ 4−log 3 a
15 , 625
e. log 5 ( )=log 5 15 ,625−log 5 125
125
6 3
¿ log 5 5 −log 5 5
¿ 6−3
15,625
log 5 ( ¿ )=3 ¿
125
3. Logarithm of a Power
The logarithm of a number raised to a power is equal to the exponent multiplied by the
r
logarithm of the number. log a x =r log a x
Examples:
1
1
a. log a √3 m=log a m 3 = log a m
3
x
b. log a P =x log a P
2
2
c. log 4 √ Y 2 =log 4 Y 5 = log 4 Y
5

5
4
d. log 3 9 =4 log 3 9
2
¿ 4 log 3 3
¿ 4 ∙2
4
log 3 9 =8
e. log 4 64 x =x log 4 64
3
¿ x log 4 4
¿ x∙3
x
log 4 64 =3 x
ACTIVITY
Simplify the following. Write your answer on a piece of paper.
1. log 6 (216 x)
2. log 3 acd
WXY
3. log 2( )
Q
4. log 8 4096 3
5. log 7 √ M 5
4

2187
6. log 3 ( ¿ )¿
243
8
A
7. log 10 7
B
8. log 4 (1024 ∙ 16 , 384)
9. log x N 5
78 , 125
10. log 5 ( ¿ )¿
625

LESSON 15: SOLVING LOGARITHMIC EQUATIONS

To solve a logarithmic equation, rewrite the equation in exponential form and solve for the
variable.
Example 1: log 4 x =2
SOLUTION:
2
4 =x
16=x
Example 2: log 6 x=3
SOLUTION:
3
6 =x
216=x
Example 3: log 9 3=x
SOLUTION:
X
9 =3
2(X)
3 =3
2X
3 =3
2 x=1
2x 1
=
2 2
1
x=
2
Example 4: log x 1024=10
SOLUTION:
10
x =1024
10 10
x =2
x=2
Example 5: log x 15625=6
SOLUTION:
6
x =15625
6 6
x =5
x=5
Example 6: log 3 8+ log 3 x=log 3 32
SOLUTION:
log 3 8 x=log 3 32
8 x=32
8 x 32
=
8 8
x=4

Example 7: log c 180+ log c x=log c 1620

SOLUTION:
 log c 180 x=log c 1620
180 x=1620
180 x 1620
= x=9
180 180
Example 8: log 4 7 +log 4 ( x−2 )=log 4 6 x
SOLUTION:
log 4 7 ( x −2 )=log 4 6 x
7 ( x−2 ) =6 x
7 ( x )−7 ( 2 ) =6 x
7 x−14=6 x
7 x−6 x=14
x=14

Example 9: log 7 9+ log 7 ( x +8 )=log 7 2 x

SOLUTION:
log 7 9 ( x +8 ) =log 7 3 x
9 ( x +8 )=3 x
9 ( x ) +9(8)=3 x
9 x +72=3 x
9 x−3 x=−72
6 x=−72
6 x −72
=
6 6
x=−12

ACTIVITY
Solve the following
1. log C 18+ log C x=log c 1764
2. log x 15625=3
3. log z 5+log z ( x+ 9 )=log z 2 x
4. log 10 x+ log 10 ( x−99 )=2
5. log 3 x +log 3 ( x+ 2 )=1