Electyo Mognehic Field : C1406)5 Je00sie Bech V Sernes ley Couthe Obje che Fo develop & understanding =F fundamental Contaphs 4 ele ctrorn agne fret with an emphasis ory Wave Propagation aid & Credle abikz 4 Belate baste elecho mag nohé Concepb fe the Pesfonnance. t devitei, Cru and Sy lems. Unit T - FlechoSiakes Uni D - Magnelostales unit WW — Electe dypanit re Url D — Electro m etre Wave Equahen Unil J - Wave Polaziga hen Tn troducton = Pre iminasy Conczph Ve cho Daly's Eleclro Magnetics — J+ we branch ZF : oes op electrical OM jneevin a 4 Shady thee wel de ved Niemen — Both electaic and riage Wolds ate Closely qelated to each Cthes. sewhith us preremsrs Field — Lb can & defined as the. Pegien- W which, af eack Poink these €x66 a Con xespencing Value. % Some physical duntP the field) procicogy th cach on Ae 1 i" i ced oC duo magne s il “UW Called magnelic, field f U olbchic : e positive ¢ tnd pogaillive ¢ hagas precttlos ¢ i , ; ¢ é field cavund it called elect Lee . i — Movine : } Charges produces a Cursen! ond » ( t dy - U . len rent Carrying Condesctor Procluce, a mogehefell g TERE Menetic And eleetic fields are & “elated “be each other. Such a fire # & Called electomeagnehc fLiatd. & - The Com rehensive Shel Chesaclaiie, & 4 . : a + electric, Magnehe and Combined fells a WU nothing but the enginearin ebectomaguhis, a9 Such yee may be time vaaring o Fine indepercenk -In order k dean He diald, Hitec. a Aimensional eentabon ploy a Wahor be tole and ik & one fo He. “Use 4 vechy si Analyt. The. problems jnvolving — various al mathemahcal Operation Tela bs the ™ biclds dbtributel > thse dbrmenional Spaces Can be Gonvenientt hondled with He hall % 7 vector is A complete — Pit terial repay and Clear undasranding + the ficbl ad © the laws governing Suche ficke ou possible ; (with He help 4 vector & wg, “They, : ood Knoullalge Vectoy analins & a, | erential Prerequisite Fhe, Cundlarstanel’y } ceagincing ClromasnehCs . the vec gO G matremana ; | eT ech babe eed! ca det yann aise Gontegle Om Oe GLai : til Veclor . i § shih corbich @ fac wo @ 4 wand trognib usta, i ib 0 rr actenged by 2 olurna, density, ope tire ,n as, electric ChO*7 cj hive or neg live, sitive crm adel ambos mage bn cll sequined Vee ; anh'h euhich tly Tha a gue y i Space and dizec her alacernent > o L DiS vclonitg , Ba id inlenshy Avreebior . tien. has bob Maani bude. J eq) Force » Piotd interily > re fie Flectne me Ae Colarahen ' Scalar Fietl . The da lr buher— quantity with a definite Positien He Cathd SCalar jeld. a Scalar Space oa r eg) Tempeahue Ff atmosphere. Height 4 Surface, 9 earth ebove fea hhve Sound intemihy » an ctrdi borivenm Intemiky up & 720M light ochrmose esic pres Vector Fed — Ta quently cubich & s ified ty A Veto ins a fied g vector. ey) Crovitoton’ {o i, PRA mam 7 ASPerce. Aavectoy:. Ke eset eden ; - shed ig nal 7 re 4 [ie ponvyrent wlhe pe Terminating poir Mag nifiwl. 9 a vector |On]=R Whale He arSbe ineli ° hen Aivection > a cae (Shearing: pieidee \ canil vector has @ [cach oe » {\ can sot k indicate the Hace ti 8 : magnitude & alway Unlly oe 9 the Cine chor My aioe c five ais tohlen it inclicades Ard the Br = 1601, Couclinate Syylem etrcles tanvidleial, R Bop Bon - Unit Yecboy He dizectin ob and l@o,)-1 TY a Vechr& Known then He lini) Voetr Hot Vechoy Can be Oblaned by Aivicly tee Veco by ih Imag ns buale. Unit Vecky @ = OA i ! I 1 1 1 — 1 | oa] ; Vecthor Age boa. ; Mabe. ; ; atemaktat Operations — acddilien 1 I 1 1 1 1 , Subpra chen, melhphcahn, Stating . : Scabeng 4 a Vechry - _ meet Hp heaton by a scalar baver hex, - Changes it nihide bout nob dtetting, thon tre Scalar & posi hive Hie Sete With Which the “Vector & be rruktip lied Sl => Ni hue #2 Vechor increases bak divecp Von TVermainr the Samra hei > magni bucks 5 he vector decrearsy but obrection. Temains the sine7 VA : Zé _n >) hel Az-) Spar -! fhe ena pi bucks. i qoemairs Same hae yecloy jen GH i au eshenr aud ip Jd the rag pihade Oe bey He clive ten becomes afte t Ab nega hve J Changes by d Limes while exactly opposite & He original veoh mmecbiiphicali” . Additien_g vecors The Vectors wharlie » ase = Called coplanar veoton. : % nih Cc fae Same plane Zz p = B ° B oO = dh _ Tt mus} be Femembered Pia Bae ireth on 90 a dtem men te tpg Ihe Ve Chowd pe { ig! P4 Ppeaalbenl diag ned d - Perallelo lore, ‘ Bea iiobbens. Veche ,vf _peadion by Scull laces HRI petipioe Oo “ Crymmutatve A+B -B4 a A cb+2)=Co+D4 is ACh46)< 4 +48 Gap 240 F Assocarve Do t) bumve anb) a, B > scatar, Lom lero) Gub trachion_g vert a: A 4¢-B) p al | | | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 ( | | Lolen vical vectors Too vectors ao lelentcal ift- foie Aff rene 6 30to, Thue A Qa Bo Ae Ielenbreaf i B68 -0 © P28, Such dwo vechos ge. alse tolled 4nal Vectors |Cocredingle S To dace @ veclo ac cual fy and i, Cunporenh, ki Comey 8 veclor gn dere i cog Teference CY Mécoviaw fi have Some ie 14 oF , 2 oe, py oxen) ee AinecHons: Sach civechon cue va Cyserns + rms ¢ ma o : 4 VeWiets condinal a lr. Crordncl 5h 1. Caskesion ar 78 eke Cyshern 9, Clinch cal Goveinale th ad Coorbirale per & as . jose Syste’ J. Caslesian cant a ape Z whch Use ares a alan as Wd and a ; angles ts cack other _ Thane. raha . j es ak @raner_ point alld ‘axes inberstl a § P a 44 g dhe gpiion 2 Py 2d . ; : = Reprod? a - x ga > polrt “ 7 tech Coordtned = Bane vectors pie. _ Baw. vectors Cae He wunit am whith ae Shich prientea alory fa Hirechions 4 he @-ordinale. axes } Ha grew Co orelinede sper - a _ a s => deve 2, ag’) a’ = 7a tho ob 2ctows Ase ase v ) ty “Y La canteen 7 o Co ovhincte agin ‘ 2 So arg Point on oa a : ental I Comrdinates ¢%), 0,0) Can be repreu 4 Q@ velhor Joining ori gin fo the poi and dinsted as Kags1 FCA), Ys 2) th CHA bestan win od by tha Abd anes oo t Tho @ abe Called Pacis Vec boy, He three Gam peren Q the fositien ve cher Too arc tue Vedors Oriental . thrice. Qorarclinede Axes With point P Gan be. Fepressn ted as. v _s Yop 2 MARA NSP 4 ae? [mop] 2 art got are if PC1)2,3) 4 a he wep. oF #4 eae | ver] = Jiayeq = Vi oH Veltoy Poink ibe . Posiber- vechor => Core: dew Fwo Point DQ Castesian Gyctinele aye, P and Q with He COretinates Cuy)21) | And C49,4y 2, ) ves eotu ely . | The Pasition vechors apna ps | P= Mime Yay? +212 G+ an TY cap +24 Inb are, / hare Phos thin Vector 4 phe origin, .Airecteal {2m P2igin jules HI, Y And Zy- Thy SFHO Vechey us phe % aren Hop Tharp. 4 f%ore The fe 2 dilance cy the displacernen a Atslena. Vector P& @ wb x presented by PR Aml by gies By, Pa . @_P »(%- x) ay + 0% -y) « + (A, - 419% = thi. called Copararion y,—ai) t C22 dire thior— Pam, vechsr [Pal = Verm-14C a Opil Vee huy alors be Unil vector along PL Pa Example. ig we vector Ww +e Clrethe 7 Obtain “ aa pe He O7igin coeds Pee pore PUB 3D PC3,-3,-» 0(0,0% & - - (2-9 % 4p C8 - OY 4 (-9- 0082 > Beh 4 3ay 2% \oP| = Jepcatr oe = Ab AOY pq = } vechsy alas Hes direchen OP b, On) Gop = OF = Bar -3 ay — 2az | P| 4-64 oy =0-639ba 0630645 — 0-4 2by aymple 2 “Two Points Ae2,%1) and Beh vy qvere Hie Caglesvian Syjem: Oblain Ha Cy doom AK 8B fom Mh se. A —2 Starling Point B > derminsdyy Paint and a Lent ve Che hire thed A 7 Ran aay tag = 6 2 San hey 42Qap AB - Bia . An — Oey 442 =). | las) z V att > = b-1byy . | Unik vechsy dnected {re A&B, Ann = OR . Ga bay tha [65] 6 16444 = 0. |b22 aa ~0-9783 4 30. pat [Masih QB fe unit veer? & Unthy = Cress Chee teay™ Ly ee V(o- te? 2)°4¢(-0.9735)20-1622- =1 Cartesian Coorelinak Sous | + POY) 2? ~we rer aa 4 Y <09 onzeDif ferenrias lenge, [ety fda 1 fas ao tye dad yds “4 : J “Pareti pipes we Dif gemenel w lang db - AL% 4 d4 ey 4dvoz _ Diforen vot wo gape a. ds=dsan din: dy dz ax as - D ferential dgy . ce de Scipate Area as, . dady 7 4 Heo Clement Different! veslacne: = - Sneemed ay edneydz . le la are Example 3 Given fiade. pon’ th Casbesian. Co or dinate apten az Al3)-220 aC-3-3"5 ? cla, b, -) find ©) The Vetch from: D&C Aes EA = er 480g ~ 542 ji) The. eenit vechr fon BwA- Bo = p-B ba +4y wh. er To (ia ' \ga |= y ae 7 7.9 80 | ig, 208 = Se ] 6A] 7-2s0! = O-BG41 Oat 0. 13T3 45 _ OBR- Sax +% — : by Livanw 6 Vis 4474 (-97 , idpoial & tty Hi Ty Vector from (A's, Jan Pridpolor if ~ta. . 0 S!oasg ht Eine Joining Bec. mid poin| Bc =/-342 W346 S-y pa? =?) =) R& a +(—0.5,15,05) Vechor foem Abs Pai dpolne -35 a4 $3505 —OS%2 Clndeical Coercinate System L CP, 42)D Tac lig, Probsterny V0 Saka “f 2 2 g° { A= log ha ba and RB aay hay f 7 ial ), a pind (a ‘i 4 on borg 4 : Mp cone d BAB Cy ; os ‘ he magni Necks 1 4 428 ©) a cenit “Veet along ns Crmporeat g A ateny ay @ AY? oH me BRB Boag —I2ay PIB az — Raa — Ay = ABa, -'Bay + 184s Magnilde 9 2A-b - cas, -13.18) [3n-Bl = Vas’ y crs) 187 2 yRir ¢ 28-) () AAQB = loan =hay +ban + day baoy = Ihag —Aow 4 baz i unit vector aleng AaB = hee ae ue [ay 24 C-2) 4 b> BOLT HB Am) — ODOR +o +3 ob ax Jach sh eaxpected. a. Given Vechors A: ax BAY and Be 9a t Ray ebay . Delervnine ay [A+bl = yor 4 ay" : 1 ad\a\ ise Vai? sats B) GAB 2 HCY) —(8)Ay-b) > U0, Al)1 fy Along Oy = 0 (€) The Component | A Along oy Cd) 2) Unit Vethea Poraliot 4h 3a42 SA4B = $C1,0)3) + »(5,2,~5) (3,0,9),4 (sa, +) *(8, 4,3) Baz t days Bae 28 | kas = BT: © 41% + 0 Pray + ©. 3y2a, 3S. Poink Paine | kona hetegeg lee Co,a,4) ANd (+31, 5), Cabeutar, 9) The Position eckane foc Po & a. Ve they Poralid & Pe uid Pmag nibs to, “a = 0a, Rays a P ote Aare Weal YD m . Pp = €-8,1,5) —¢0,2,3) = Bd eteWith Im ay Mi Hace ie % roe iply by 10 $10 C-3.-4) “galt > tC -9-045%% aBlolsey +3- O84) Vecker oy Abetti plication Wier two veebevs A EB Me Decl pied, dhe. més ull a ai Wax, atientoc! & Vector —capaug om oul tag nee Pus! pint — poe typ 4 vec toy reel ph cation. |. Scalar Corer produc? A-B> 2. Vectw Cor Cass product) Axb. Mubhp lication 4 Hao Vectors Ajale- Scalar tiple product A-CBxe) Nectey jriple Pooduct BXCBRY dot producer The dot produce 3 Hwo vectors A adB b AS © tho qeornohi cally As He podack 4, Ths rrLagnibediss 4 pb ondB ard dhe. Cosine ie. behe ean Home q te colle, 9 . A-B2 4BCos pg Lyscalar Procuct’ Az (AxAy ha) 2 - Ba, By 2) AB= Ag Bat My By tP2 Barec U plying 4 and B Cam /ponant iy U Cony nont —TWo Vectes A ond B Oro Sad b be OWkegmal Cor wopendicudar] with each Obey. ¢ UoAB-6 A-B- BA —— | Chprbectatian ug A-CB+0=A.B+p.0 _ prRbtbune law A. Be [p> 2p? Ay Ay = Aya, = Ag. Mee, = Ba, Cy ae | as a alt Cross Preducr Te (OB Sin Oy 4%. AYR => Vocley Proclaut On => Unik Vechy normal bk He Plane Conkoni A ant B- A= CPx, Ay,Agy Bz CBy, By,Bs) AxB=+ en OH Og An Ag Az. Bx By Be £ (Ayb2 —Pa By) Oo Hoy (As Ba — Fa 3a) 4 az Chaby - hy Ba)Pr perties hok Gomm ue teal wa 4xB —¢ BX p DXB z= Bx Q not Gyoer ahve Ax (Bxo =e (D2Bd*E 3. The din bi Dune Ax( B+) = AxXBT Dx J ow Ay. AXA O . . Ais, anneg 2% oy x a2 > i v eZ - Og KA2* aq 1 OY x Os oO ay 27% Seles. Triple Predbst’ aera BB, C° ches ’ — = Given Jace VE a a2 5. ad) Az ion) 7 ~ (Ba,® Tp AF ee D2) Be Ba, 4 132) Qe Ca, Cy 12> ited => Va lume a & tale pipe. having A; myc a oclgos A.@+0- {ar % ao \ Bar By Bo Cx y “* L> Scatar ,q \ t Veet Ne | x taxc) (Ase & Ate. (A-Bde acca Given Ve chs Faobleans ptt tisot tpare 2h? ) wove Bene) - CCO-B) ea ae a An ross procluct nis Cyelte Poamubatte, at Rtovin Cloctewss 2 lead an. Lp yive rerebbs g ove Counter clockwi' g nage ve 4 aul. g oD 3) Ax Bay + haw 4 Az & i 1 1 1 ! Be Qa -~Saz - Find Ye Ural behuod A aad B. A-B= 8 3.0 44-2 +185) 2 Bish 22 . (Pl= V@aieqg, =\e Is. Wasy can 0 GsOn, 2 PB 8 1B) \B) vecne) £205) (—90-2)%% 7 agc- - Ea aba agen FPO Ae aC Cer agra is +e 2 VU |px Bl . ) \ SnOpg 2 WL | TR omy jp \\e)- Vand Cnn? a ea 2 Re Q. Three Field Guan Lhe oe by Pe QAO - ag Q = Aan BPR Aes Riz Qax ~ Sey 4 Oz Determine a (P+@) x CP &).- pxcpa +8 x CP—@) p~ Arg O - pxP PAG tA oO 4+ axh +OxP 2 .Q & XP4) A tanith Vee hey pos pends cufect. kx bd A dda pr, p Mopeu ies 4 Dod Pardlecet LT) Ye fuo yoctors Ot porated { t each. lies. uv 98:0 Hon G att 5.o - (Al 1B) 27 Dae ess yect or on & each ‘Chu © 6:40 Hen C08 ng = O per Orc war A-B =O 3 Ober Cornmubative (04d: A-B = B.A 4. obexs As Wibune. 1o erate Pe to" 6 AD all (ee = Gy - By Oe ay =O Az an-—- & B En ga -3O + % Cid the Scalar Gnd vector bAple Poceluct?Frat Sca day loiple. product K tnee dei 2. 0 -d a + 3 | ‘ ACV EL) of (gd -beay) a) loth ely. Vec le Hiple Procluct Ax CBXC) = BCA. Ax thx: 38 — €O? sau —49 $24) -9 [aay +a = Qa, 4985 H44 » Bd) By) oj Hy v be [4 Given He due Coplanas Vvettors A, = 80a +4 by nae B= bag + acy 4% fia nit Vector None! 5 Veehrs Dandb- Obtain fo plane. Goteniniy he AKG = a ee 2 4 5 -—b Q 4 = Abas tlse4 180%i a C26, bani] ae 4 1a” + 67° a 4 a Letra2. a. caby da te O- 4129 o- DY s i » ordinal 2, Miferon fal Flemonh Carhesion Co-orclinahe System. 7 Play,2) & te Covider ae point Let Inereans. changes Co. ordinate. Syren. @ach Bsirctonite, by a aap osobie! a 7 hrastin A new pointe PY will be at d on B z+d2?. — eck th Us Ade CH om i a Y direchen Bo ie Sete Ao - Difeunts vec kor tienes Vecto length a on a dt = dla adr chy Oy + d2 ee eg : actor joining ongres iL seas ote tt Be ter Jo 4 a yew on . Pont P b i 4 praoe plenes + js, infersechon he jntewech jotal Six planes => Volume % % re chargulas parallelepiped. Magnihide 4 obi ffoanbal Vecter len Las Fara phase Plores} > He ‘wee rangutar Hdlerential Voluae g Udere a es dady Ie paraltedopipe4 =! Ay Scaler. on ‘ve ciler av Sea Jez dan Aff rental as ore At Me cbrunl = eh vector won al = the Suttac ds- as, — aa Hforeated Ve Chey Kusfece ata. Ac — Rommel & X dvechay - dud2 ay Y W 7 disz direction pdadg ay é 0 2 dive 12 tht. 2 dadyay Ss ay < . Cylindbicoxl Co ordinal Syphon Fé He thee dimens' ral) Version. % Polar Co erclinale Agile. i Plans 4 Conshant Z which & parasint ; Plans R A cyh Minder Fadi 7 vil Z avy 3 4 ioe, tea ath ep tee + ' jnles eetien 4 6 ‘i Thaos surfaces 2 clo fines (pried o ) » i AS \ , » | ‘ p > < x , ~~ =< Bare vectors 2 Sr ,agqs ay yt A? Gans o plane porto tel is fea FEY plane oF iene + HL Sonne pe Cline at el given poink, Coming aewolia lly Outer, porate ty da a fies abo & ct Planes 7 at | fg Iho Cry ltneten m4 plane rege TES cmngpah d and Pp pin bing thy & dhvection- 4 jncneasing & Qe te 49 wens pont : owed (Ae, EO dod eo % axes Zs mca cating Thee tnit and dinect®? douasds poinl % Py Gy lp aq rhe 4p Pr > 9 adit ie Ra to age f Po > Z con dina be 4 Porth Vector ak ? ,® lvedaicad Comdinobe pug z (qa da, Agdz eas Ty: ! 4 e (P, 92) . is — maguhe [4 | = uf av-aGday rad dvs vdrdqdePhercat Co welineda sien aud & variet faerm O b leo, Containing He X2 ‘pleas. ‘ t k Nefing ech cecg WHICH uke, ved fin Phoeicall Co. or dinabe System ers. | the Sphere 4 Yeclims Y origin as the. Cube the § phoss A Yign Cvcutar Cone with th apex ab He Origin. dood Gh. Bip czas, ae aT hot Onaleis © Pd yohodes AQbouk 7% Hu © A hat Plane Perpercbicukar. Lb 4y Plone Zz Anh, mak) ng an angle g lon Of714_c< Sy OH Measue Geld Ono, P— inteusetio. A) Hite Ga ¥ = Congank> Whi da. where Coh Gabe Ay Oni @ 2 Caryyer- sith we Aiohk Cnealar Gare. cathy apex “On gp and Ax an200 Dg Clack & 8 ple 9 = Papeent ( ay poneVeel oy ly, ae Qa i syThe +, dinectal §7” Hig. Cnbre 2 Unik Ve cher v1 | 4 Cnyin b- the fe pont F: ined Y cuduaid, yor Gre © * torah onk Anat ‘plane @ “ Carttont- : pe eo phase I The unit Veer Se i, tong ; x a: gyrettere 4 Nene Gnd Oriented i He # 4 4 J ee ernical © ete Gna ales dhe normias ie f- He Spire ie Vocter Drage. dl < diffe! ragnibuds \ dt | 5 \ Ars Gras) . eae Volume dy = ae eat ; Pein s denLal te Carbotan Sphaicd Leoking ak ay plane, Olemonds , = sine clo ly babs FS, = drdO % ysino dvd Mo hehocen Cartesian and § Een. yiael, Kah poeet PCa, 2) Pla, 8, Xa 7 Sine Cos@ J: Ysine Sing Z= 70086 aaghy 2 a q> CosG 2 oz OO: rh o5E, oa » Spheres br Feclang bay : Ze Fea ¢ - bass! y| xoo. lo adi nate SL yphe _ Th Carferio A; Ny fea Ln Cephinett ca Qere Dy a + Ae OF +} Dy ay + bes bynadé Sy ion ; 4 hele. A = Ben eg Oe ™ [Ax an e494 oe as whe an. a4 + Ay By - 7 /- te a7 By, ap ““1do-% pay? a %, 102): of Ong le be hueen and av = o Ox) and aye OR = CIC!) Ces =tosg en =Yorp Ci) C1) Coscaved) : $ Sing bo} and Ope B i” Oo) @seqo-g)= Sin > ap. one Cos Gc C259. ra) 921s! 21 na+ co om a: » oO ¢ iwad © rd “a oO lon |g ‘5 Q p-* eo ld’ daGa Cornrpabelve , ana _del Prockuct ce 2 Ot OY - (es A 4 _. ; " Ny Cos p — Me Sin P Ay Ay sing 4+ hp 2? A2 = Ax Cose —sine® ° Ay . Cos oO Ao ?. I Az | roblemy ull ). Trans wm te vectr deld Wy alose 2344 ban & Cyindoieed godin oe ae point C10, —8, 6) lux 2 [0 buy» -& Web Wr. be init -$ ay +b )- Oy sto Ox- ay 84 Oy pb an -O7 = [0 cosp gs sire +609 For point P, lo, yz -8 ( fram this -l yl] > stan Vx = ok -~) Pos, ) - 28-45 toy [~8/0) = 28-6598 wy CaSg = 0-780 Snp2-0-8? az lo x Co-7, o 80s) ~ sx (—O-6a44) : 12-24a. | Wa 2B on loa aq Nay «aq + bay “Qe lot sing) ~ Stas ep $9 7 o Wy - a ee =\0uj + & — Say -az 4har - Ge Jo xo- gxa thx) = b Tc 1a Soy ay + baa) My linckricad Spm Awe Ye Coadoian Gordinales t Ho Vechy jit Ps doa lee Sq A Pont Pl xa» 4+ d,22) Une Bede = Roar tioae- a 88% = Rocosp ~fot-sieo) 40 Ar Point ?, Les yea, ze-) = Fo" Soy = hg Ale FAN Bo1y? Cosep 20-9284 Sinth= 0-374 Ha = 2oxC0.4agy) + toxo- Ty 7 2Q:.-28 2 by Fay = 20m -% =10%% “47 3a, - 4 = Ao Sinp— lots? +o 2 Qoro-BTly Hlox (b-4264) = —1)+856 ~--s-=swrmeamaer