Defining Globalization
Karlo S. Tolentino, LPT, MAEd.
Globalization
• Globalization make us see ourselves as part of what we refer to as the “global
age”
• The mass media allowed for further connections of people, communities, and
countries all over the globe
• Encompasses a multitude of processes that involve the economy, political
systems, and culture
• Social Structures, therefore, are directly affected by globalization
• Connotations pertaining to progress, development, and integration
• “The process of world shrinkage, of distances getting shorter, things moving
closer” (Larsson, 2001)
Globalization
• See it as occurring through and with regression, colonialism,
and destabilization
• The characteristics of globalization trend include the:
• Internationalizing of production
• The new international division of labor
• New migratory movements from South to North
• The new competitive environment that accelerates these
processes, and
• The internationalizing of the state.
Globalization
• Deals with:
• Economic
• Political
• Social
• Cultural Dimensions
Theories on Globalization
• Spread of world practice, relations,
consciousness, and organization of social life.
Globalization • The increasing interconnectedness of people
and places through converging processes of
economic, political and cultural change.
• Robinson, 2007.
• Development internal to
social theory, a reaction
to modernization theory
that is:
Globalization • Western Bias
• Pre-eminence accord
to west
• The rest of the world
increasingly becoming
like west
GLOBALIZATION
ULRICH BECK
Globalism Globality
• A world dominated by economics • Nothing is any longer limited to
• Hegemony of capitalist world- local
market and neo-liberal ideology • Local incidents affect entire
underpins it world
• Wrong to assume global • Globality associated with “second
developments reduces to single modernity”
economic dimension.
Political Theory of Globalization
Political Theory
• Deal with how power
is generated and
distributed through
society.
Political Theory
Freedom that The
people enjoy legal/court
in the country system
Nature of
The freedom The
of the press Constitution Political
Domain
Political The nature of
Parties bureaucracy
• Political systems vary primarily on
the different levels of public
participation in the political
Political process, resulting in different forms
of communications and actions.
Theory
• Political Trends:
• Formal system
• Informal system
Political
• Formal System
Theory • Executive and Legislature,
their functioning and
decision
• Nature of electoral
process
• Political parties
• Informal System
• Rallies
• Protests; and
• Demands made on
the government for
changes to existing
Political formal systems
Theory
• Legal systems followed in
countries are usually of three
forms:
• Under common law, courts rely
Political Theory on tradition, precedents and
interpretation of legislation
• The civil law system
• Theocratic law
• Primary attention goes
to global cultural and
Political Theory organizational
environment in which
states are immersed.
• Because world society is structured as a
polity with an intensifying global culture,
new organizations – business
Political Theory enterprises, educational institutions,
social movements, leisure and hobby
groups, – spring up in all sorts of
countries to enact its precepts.
World-System
Theory
World-System Theory
• The Capitalist world-system
• Originated in the sixteenth century, when European traders
established enduring connections with Asia, Africa and the Americas.
• World-system refers to the international division of labour, class
distinctions & global capitalism all of which divide the world into core
countries, semi-periphery and periphery countries.
World-System Theory
•The best known version of world-systems
approach has been developed by Immanuel
Wallerstein in the 1970s.
•American sociologist, historical social scientist, &
World system analyst
•Born in New York in 1930
•Samir Amin,Andre Gunder Frank, Chase-
Dum,Thomas D Hall etc. are others in this area.
World-System Analysis
• Refers to the inter-regional and transnational division of labor,
which divides the world into core countries, semi-periphery
countries and periphery countries
• It argues that there have been only two varieties of world-
systems: world-economies and world empires.
Two Varieties of world-system
Large bureaucratic
Large axial division of
structures with a single
labor with multiple
political center and an
political centers and
axial division of labor, but multiple cultures
multiple cultures
World empires World economy
World-System Theory
• The world-economy manifests a tripartite
division of labor with core, semi-peripheral,
and peripheral zones.
Core
Semiperiphery
Periphery
Core Countries:
focus on higher skill, capital-intensive
production, technology, research
Semi-periphery and Periphery:
focuses on low-skill, labour intensive
production, agriculture production,
providing cheap labour and extraction
of raw materials which constantly
reinforces the dominance of the core
countries
Core nations
•Refers as made up of “free countries” dominating others without being dominated.
• Main reason for the position of the developed countries is economic power.
•The most economically diversified.
•Wealthy and powerful.
•Have strong central governments, strong bureaucracies and powerful militaries.
•Highly industrialized, produce manufactured goods rather than raw materials for
export.
•Eg.USA, Canada, Japan, France, Germany
Semi-periphery nations
•Semi periphery nations are those that are midway between the core and
periphery.
•Dominated by dominated countries (usually by core countries ),at the same time
dominating others (usually peripheries)
•They tend to be countries moving towards industrialization and a more
diversified economy.
•Those regions often have relatively developed and diversified economy, but are
not dominant in international trade.
•Eg.India, Pakistan, Ireland, Mexico, China
Periphery Nations
•Least economically diversified.
•Have relatively weak governments.
•Tend to be least industrialized.
•Have small bourgeois and large peasant classes.
•Tend to have a high percentage of theirpeople that are poor and uneducated.
•Tend to be extensively influenced and by core nations.
•Eg. Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, Cuba, Israel
What event in
History that led to
new/contemporary
world in the making?
Thank You! May you be happy and healthy.
