SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
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CONSTRUCTION (13.1)
SOME FACTS ABOUT SM
Ref [2]: Principles of Electrical Machines- V.K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta, 2nd Edition
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MOTOR OPERATION (6.1)
To understand the basic concept of a synchronous motor,
look at Figure 6-1, which shows a two-pole synchronous
motor. The field current IF of the motor produces a
steady-state magnetic field BR. A three-phase set of
voltages is applied to the stator of the machine, which
produces a three-phase current flow in the windings.
As was shown earlier a three-phase set of currents in an
armature winding produces a uniform rotating magnetic
field Bs. Therefore, there are two magnetic fields present
in the machine, and the rotor field will tend to line up
with the stator field, just as two bar magnets will tend
to line up if placed near each other. Since the stator
magnetic field is rotating. the rotor magnetic field (and
the rotor itself) will constantly try to catch up. The larger
the angle between the two magnetic fields (up to a
certain maximum), the greater the torque on the rotor of
the machine. The basic principle of synchronous motor
operation is that the rotor "chases" the rotating stator
magnetic field around in a circle, never quite catching
up with it.
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
THE ROTATING MAGNETIC FIELD (4.2)
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
Minimum 2 phases are needed to
produce a rotating magnetic field
maintaining that the time angle
displacement between the currents
and space angle displacement
between the winding axes.
Ref [3]: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/402650022917293432/
Youtube link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiZ-mak4h4s
SPEED OF SM
Direction of rotating magnetic field: Clockwise or anti-clockwise depending on phase sequence.
If the field rotates clockwise for ‘abc’ sequence, it will rotate anticlockwise for ‘acb’ sequence
and vise-versa.
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
INDUCED TORQUE IN AN AC MACHINE (4.5)
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery
Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen
J. Chapman
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF SM (6.1)
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
PHASOR DIAGRAM OF SM (6.1) BR Corresponds to produce EA
Bnet Corresponds to produce VØ
BS Corresponds to produce Estat (-JIAXS)
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
COMPARISON OF PHASORS BETWEEN SG AND SM (6.1)
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J.
Chapman
STEADY STATE SM OPERATION (6.2)
SM TORQUE-SPEED CHARACTERISTICS: Constant speed motor as supply voltage and frequency
remain constant
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
THE EFFECT OF LOAD CHANGES ON A SM:
(Input voltage, frequency and field current constant. Only load variable)
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
THE EFFECT OF FIELD CURRENT CHANGES ON A SM: Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
(Input voltage, frequency and load constant. Only field current variable)
P
V curve
Assignment: Draw
the vector diagram
of a SM when
running at unity p.f.
Under excited SM Over excited SM
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
MATH CLASS 1
Solution:
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
(FYI)
Solution:
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
SM and the power factor correction:
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
Solution: Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
SM and the power factor correction:
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
SYNCHRONOUS CAPACITOR OR SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSER
Ref [4]: https://www.gepowerconversion.com/press-
releases/largest-motor-ever-produced-peterborough-out-
door
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
STARTING OF SM (6.3)
Why SM not self starting:
Ref [3]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
Methods of making a SM self starting:
Variable frequency drive (VFD) (rectifier-
inverter or cycloconverter) is needed
For low frequency start, input voltage to SM
must be lowered in order to keep the stator
current at safe level
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
SM STARTING BY USING AMORTISSEUR (DAMPER) WINDING:
Ref [1]:
Electric
Machinery
Fundament
als (4th
Edition) -
Stephen J.
Chapman
Ref [5]: https://www.industrial-electronics.com/Motor_Control_8-39.html
Ref [6]: https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/synchronous-motor-construction
Ref [3]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J.
Chapman
At, t = 0,
In summary the process of
starting SM by amortisseur
winding:
Effect of amortisseur winding in
Motor stability:
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
SG AND SM (6.4)
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
SM RATINGS (6.5)
Ref [7]:
https://www.caseyus
a.com/products/spec
_sheet/109754000
00-2250-hp-900-
rpm-2300-v-
general-electric-
8511y-ac-
synchronous-motor
Ref [8]:
https://www.pinteres
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
t.com/pin/5161548
07279184120/
STOPPING SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
1.The full DC excitation is maintained and the armature is short
circuited.
2.The full DC excitation is maintained with armature connected
to external resistors.
3.Mechanical braking may be applied.
Ref [2]: Principles of Electrical Machines- V.K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta, 2nd Edition
COMPARISON OF SM AND IM
Ref [2]: Principles of Electrical Machines- V.K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta, 2nd Edition
REFERENCES
Ref [1]: Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Edition) - Stephen J. Chapman
Ref [2]: Principles of Electrical Machines- V.K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta, 2nd Edition
Ref [3]: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/402650022917293432/
Ref [4]: https://www.gepowerconversion.com/press-releases/largest-motor-ever-produced-peterborough-out-door
Ref [5]: https://www.industrial-electronics.com/Motor_Control_8-39.html
Ref [6]: https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/synchronous-motor-construction
Ref [7]: https://www.caseyusa.com/products/spec_sheet/10975400000-2250-hp-900-rpm-2300-v-general-electric-8511y-ac-synchronous-motor
Ref [8]: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/516154807279184120/
Youtube Links:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiZ-mak4h4s
