WIRING TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES

EXP.NO:1.1 DATE:

AIM: -Identify the following electrical wiring tools with respect to

Screw drivers, Pliers, Drilling machines & Drilling Bits.Rawl plug jumper, and poker, Voltage/line tester
Splicers (insulation remover), Standard Wire gauge
COURSE OBJECTIVE: To familiarise with the knowledge of different wiring tools used in electrical wiring
COURSE OUTCOME: Understanding various tools and know their usage

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

a) Screw drivers

b) Pliers

c) Drilling machines & Drilling Bits.

d) Rawl plug jumper, and poker

e) Voltage/line tester

f) Splicers (insulation remover)

g) Standard Wire gauge

SCREW DRIVERS:

A screwdriver is a tool that is used to screw and unscrew screws. It can be manual or powered. It has a strong steel
shaft that resists bending and twisting. Various shaft lengths are available according to the job requirement. That
length varies from 2” to 18”. The screwdriver has three main parts, i.e, Handle, Shank (Shaft) and Blade.

FLAT BLADE SCREWDRIVER STAR SCREW DRIVER

PLIERS:

It is a hand-operated tool for holding and gripping small articles or for bending and cutting wire. Slip-joint pliers have
grooved jaws, and the pivot hole in one member is elongated so that the member can pivot in either of two positions
in order to grasp objects of different size in the most effective way. On some pliers the jaws have a portion that can
cut soft wire and nails.

TYPES OF DIFFERENT PLIERS

DRILLING MACHINES & DRILLING BITS:

Drilling Machine is the simplest, moderate, and most accurate machine tool used in almost all the production shops
and tool rooms. Drilling is basically a single-purpose machine tool as its main purpose is to make holes in the
workpiece.

A machine consists of a spindle that provides rotary motion to the drilling tool, which finally makes the hole in the job
(workpiece).

ELECTRIC HAND DRILL MACHINE

 ELECTRIC HAND DRILL MACHINE PARTS

DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRILLING BITS

RAWL PLUG JUMPERAND POKER:

The tool has two parts one is tool bit and other is tool holder.
1) The bit is made of carbon steel.
2) It is used for making holes in bricks and concrete walls.
3) Fiber plugs or PVC plugs are inserted in them to fix the wooden batten or casing and capping for fixing it.
4) Screws are driven in the plugs which cause the plug to expand and grip the wall.
5) While using the tool it should be rotated slowly after hammering
VOLTAGE/LINE TESTER:

1. It is used for testing the presence of supply in the switches & sockets e.t.c.,
2.Live tester is available in volts as 500V & 1000V.
3.It consists of glass bulb with two electrodes and neon gas in it.
4.A high resistance is connected with the neon lamp in series with supply.

DIGITAL LINE TESTER NEON LAMP TYPE LINE TESTER

INTERNAL PARTS OF LINE TESTER

SPLICERS (INSULATION REMOVER):

1. It is used to remove insulation over the wire/cable.

2. It is available in 150mm & 200mm.
3. It is generally used in factories & labs by technicians.

STANDARD WIREGAUGE:

1. It is made of thin steel sheet having a number of slots with marking on its circumference.
2. The slots are made of different sizes according to their diameter.
3. It is generally used for measuring the gauge & wire number.
 STANDARD WIRE GAUGE TABL

PRECAUTIONS WHILE USING SCREW DRIVERS

1.Always use safety gloves.

2. Never use a screw driver for prying or as chisel.

3. Use the proper size of screw driver for the screw head.

4. Do not over tighten head or screw.

PRECAUTIONS WHILE USING PLIERS

1. Never use pliers that cracked, broken insulation

2. Never use plier as wrench or as a hammer.

3. When performing electrical works always use insulated plier.

4. Guard against eye injuries when cutting with pliers or cutters.

5. Use pliers with soft, non-slip grips.

PRECAUTIONS WHILE DRILLING MACHINES & DRILLING BITS

1. Always wear safety goggles

2. Ensure the center punch mark is under the drill bit.

3. Never hold the materials by hand while drilling.

4. Reduce pressure when the drill bit is breaking through

5. No adjustments while drilling machine is in operation.

6. OFF the supply and unplug the machine after completing the job.

PRECAUTIONS WHILE USING LINE TESTERS

1. Don’t use the tester with wet hands.

2. Check the continuity of the supply in the wire by removing insulation.

PER-EXPERIMENT QUESTIONS:

1.What is tool and accessories?

2.What is the use of tools and accessories?

POST-EXPERIMENT QUESTIONS:

1.What you understand about tools and accessories?

2. What is the use of drilling machine?

RESULT:

Signature of the Faculty

EVALUATION:

Marks
Description Marks Awarded
Allotted
Identification 3
operation 3
Performance / result &
4
viva-voce.
TOTAL 10
 WIRING TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES
IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF
ELECTRICAL WIRING ACCESSORIES

EXP.NO:1.2 DATE:
AIM: Identification of different types of electrical wiring accessories.

COURSE OBJECTIVE: To familiarise with the knowledge of different wiring tools used in electrical wiring
COURSE OUTCOME: Understanding various tools and know their usage

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

a) Switches
b) Ceiling roses
c) Lamp Holders and Adopters
d) Sockets
e) Plug
f) Fuses
THEORY: SWITCHES:
A switch is used to make or break an electrical circuit. It is used to switch ‘on’ or ‘off’ the supply of
electricity to an appliance.
There are various switches such as
 Surface switch
 Flush switch
 Ceiling switch
 Pull switch
 Push button switch
 Bed switch
CEILING ROSES:

It is used to provide a tapping to the pendant lamp– holder through the flexible wire or a connection to a
fluorescent tube, connection to a ceiling fan...etc

HOLDERS:

These are used for fixing the different types of lamps.

A holder is of two types.

 Pendant holder
 Batten holder
SOCKETS OUTLET AND PLUGS:

The socket outlet has an insulated base with the moulded or socket base having three terminal sleeves.

FUSES:

Fuse is an electrical safety device that operates to provide over current protection of an electrical circuit.

The fuses work on the principle of the heating effect of the current.

Types of fuses are

 Kitkat or Rewireable fuses

 Cartridge fuses
 HRC fuse
KIT KAT (OR) REWIREABLE FUSE

CARTRIDGE FUSE

HRC FUSE
 HORN GAP FUSE

Fuse Wire Ratings

1. Fuse is as element which makes (connects) the circuit or breaks the circuit.
2. It is used for the safety of the circuit & made of tinned lead coated on silver material.
3. Works on heating effect of electricity & rating depends on load of the circuit.
4. The rating of the fuses are expressed in terms of Amperes as 1A, 2A, 4A, 6A, 10A etc.
5. Fuse wire of correct rating should be used otherwise there will be no use of the fuse.

Generally, the rating of the fuse element should be 1.3 to1.5 times that of rated current of the circuit.

PRE-EXPERIMENT QUESTIONS:

1.What is the use of switch and fuse?

2.What are the different types of switches?

3.Which material is used for fuse?

POST-EXPERIMENT QUESTIONS:

1.How will you replace fuse wire in rewirable or KitKat fuse?

2. Where will cartridge fuse is used?

RESULT:

Signature of the Staff

EVALUATION:

.
Marks
Description Marks Awarded
Allotted
Identification 3
Skill in handling tools 3
Performance / result &
4
viva-voce.
TOTAL 10
 WIRING TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MAIN SWITCHES

EXP.NO:1.3 DATE:

AIM: Identification of different types of switches

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1.SP, DP mains switches

2.TP, ICDP, ICTP switches
3. SPDT, DPDT, TPDT switches
4.Changeover-Knife type switch
5.Rotary switch
6.Micro, Modular switches
7.2-pole and 3-pole MCBs
THEORY:

SWITCH:

A switch is a component that allows us to control whether the current is on or off in a circuit

BASIC SWITCH FUNCTION:

To open and close a circuit –Open (no connection) –Closed (connection)

Control device –Does not consume power

POLE:

It is defined as the number of completely isolated circuits that can be controlled by the switch.

It refers to the number of input circuits of the switch

THROW:

It is defined as the number of closed contact positions that exist per pole.

It refers to the number of output circuits of the switch

Pole

Throw
 1.SINGLE POLE AND DOUBLE POLE MAINS

2.TP, ICDP, ICTP

IRON CLAD SWITCH:

Iron Clad Double Pole Switch (ICDP): -

1.Used to control single phase supply.
2.In this both phase & neutral wires are connected hence called as Double Pole Switch.
3.It has 2 fuse cut outs inside & a handle is fitted outside the switch to ON/OFF the supply. It also has an earth
terminal for grounding purpose located at side of the switch.
4.These are generally rated as 250V/16A, 250V/32A e.t.c.

Iron Clad Triple Pole Switch (ICTP): -

1.Used to control three phase supply.
2.It has 3 fuse cut outs inside & a handle is fitted outside the switch to ON/OFF the supply. It also has an earth
terminal for grounding purpose located at side of the switch.
3.These are generally rated as 440V/16A, 440V/32A, and 500V/100A e.t.c.

Iron Clad Triple Pole Switch with Neutral link: -

1.It is similar to ICTP only difference is it has an additional neutral link with a fuse cut out.
2.Used to control 3 phase, 4 wire system.
IRON CLAD DOUBLE POLE SWITCH (ICDP)

IRON CLAD DOUBLE POLE SWITCH (ICDP)

IRON CLAD TRIPLE POLE SWITCH (ICTP)

IRON CLAD TRIPLE POLE SWITCH (ICTP)

 3. SPDT, DPDT, TPDT
TYPES OF SWITCHES

• Single-pole, single throw (SPST)

• Single-pole, double throw (SPDT)

• Double-pole, single-throw (DPST)

• Double-pole, double-throw (DPDT)

SINGLE POLE SINGLE THROW SWITCH (SPST)

 It can control the current in only one circuit, and there is only one closed contact position, hence the name single-pole,
single-throw
This is the basic ON and OFF switch consisting of one input contact and one output contact.
 It switches a single circuit and it can either make (ON) or break (OFF) the load.
 The contacts of SPST can be either normally open or normally closed configurations.
 SINGLE POLE DOUBLE THROW SWITCH (SPDT)

 This switch has three terminals: one is input contact and remaining two are output contacts.
 This means it consist two ON positions and one OFF position.
 In most of the circuits, these switches are used as changeover to connect the input between two choices of outputs.
 The contact which is connected to the input by default is referred as normally closed contact and contact which will be
connected during ON operation is a normally open contact.

DOUBLE POLE DOUBLE THROW SWITCH (DPDT)

 This is a dual ON/OFF switch consisting of two ON positions.

 It has six terminals, two are input contacts and remaining four are the output contacts.
 It behaves like a two separate SPDT configuration, operating at the same time.
 Two input contacts are connected to the one set of output contacts in one position and in another position, input
contacts are connected to the other set of output contacts.

4.CHANGEOVER-KNIFE TYPE:
A changeover switch is an electrical switch that allows a load to be changed from one electrical source to another and vice
versa, either manually or automatically.

When you install a generator at your home or business, you should also install a generator changeover switch so that the
generator can be turned on quickly when a power failure occurs.
 KNIFE TYPE CHANGEOVER SWITCH

5. ROTARY SWITCHES

Rotary Switches are hand operated electro-mechanical devices used for switching circuits and selecting functions. Rotary
switches can be two-position, on-off, or they can have multiple discrete stops. Key specifications include number of poles,
number of positions, construction type, mounting type, and panel cut-out diameter for panel mount switches. Rotary
switches are used to provide a visually verifiable means of switch position, allowing operators to tell with a glance whether
a circuit is energized or not. They are also called Paddle Switches

Rotary switch Operates with a twisting motion of the operating handle with at least two positions. May be momentary
(biased with a spring), requiring the operator to hold the switch in the position. They may have multiple levels or "decks"
so that it can control multiple circuits.
 These are used for connecting one line to one of many lines.
 Examples of these switches are range selectors in electrical metering equipment, channel selectors in communication
devices and band selectors in multi-band radios.
 It consists of one or more moving contacts (knob) and more than one stationary contact.
 These switches are come with different arrangement of contacts such as single pole 12-way, 3-pole 4-way, 2-pole 6-
way and 4-pole 3-way
 ROTARY SWITCH

6.MICRO, MODULAR SWITCHES

MODULAR SWITCH
A modular switch or chassis switch is a type of network switch which can be configured using field-replaceable units.
This unit often referred to as blades, can add more ports, bandwidth, and capabilities to a switch.
Multi-functional:
Modular switches can be used for different applications, like automation, security, and data transmission. They allow you
to connect all kinds of plugs without having to attach country-specific adapters

The conventional switches were exposed to metal screws and wiring which stood a chance of causing a mishap or
shock. On the other hand, the modular switches are free from any metallic parts on the switchboard. These switches
ensure that there is no risk of electrical shock
MICRO SWITCH
A micro switch, or a miniature snap-action switch, is an electronic device used to make or break the flow of electric
currents. A micro switch typically contains an actuating plunger that travels a short distance to trigger the contact
sequence.

MICRO SWITCH

MODULAR SWITC

7. MCB (miniature circuit breakers):

MCB or miniature circuit breakers are electromechanical protection device against short circuit condition or over current,
overloading condition.

WORKING:

When the current overflow occurs through MCB – Miniature Circuit Breaker, the bimetallic strip gets heated and deflects
by bending. The deflection of the bi-metallic strip releases a latch. The latch causes the MCB to turn off by stopping the
current flow in the circuit. This process helps safeguard the appliances or devices from the hazards of overload or
overcurrent. To restart the current flow, MCB must be turned ON manually.
2- POLE MCB (MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER) 3- POLE MCB (MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER)

INTERNAL DIAGRAM OF MCB

 APPLICATIONS AND INDUSTRIES

Switches are used in myriad applications in every industry—such as aerospace, automotive, chemical, communication,
marine, medical, military, petrochemical, and transportation—as well as in the commercial and residential sectors. A
ubiquitous technology, switches can be found as part of the user interface for nearly every electrical and mechanical
product. Some typical places to find switches include:

ACCESS / EXIT CONTROL

 Aircraft
 Ammeters
 Appliances
 Brake Systems
 Conveyors
 Cranes
 Doors
 Electro pneumatics
 Emergency Stop
 Escalators
 Hydraulics
 Ignition / Starter
 Instruments
 Machine Tools
 Motors
 Pressure Vessels
 Process Control
 Safety Interlock
 Speed Control
 Tanks
 Transformers
 Valves
 Voltmeters
Generally, the specific application will help determine what kind of switch is best for the job. Because the switch’s form
factor is so critical, a selection can’t be made until the purpose is determined.
PRE-EXPERIMENT QUESTIONS:

1.Why it is called as iron clad switch?

2.What is MCB?

3.Where will rotary switch is used?

POST-EXPERIMENT QUESTIONS:

1.What is the main difference between ICDP and ICTP switchs?

2.How many poles does MCB have?

RESULT:

Signature of the Staff

EVALUATION:

.
Marks
Description Marks Awarded
Allotted
Identification 3
Skill in handling tools 3
Performance / result &
4
viva-voce.
TOTAL 10
 WIRING TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES
STUDY DIFFERENT TYPES OF WIRES AND CABLES
EXP.NO:1.4 DATE:

AIM: - Study different types of wires and cables (1/18,3/20,7/20)

COURSE OBJECTIVE: To familiarise with the knowledge of different wiring tools used in electrical wiring
COURSE OUTCOME: Understanding various tools and know their usage

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1.1/18 Gauge aluminium cable

2.3/20 Gauge aluminium cable
3.7/20 Gauge aluminium cable
4. Electrician knife
5.Insulation tape
THEORY:
WIRE:
A wire is a flexible metallic conductor, especially one made of copper, usually insulated, and used to carry electric
current in a circuit.
CABLE:
A cable is a thick wire, or a group of wires inside a rubber or plastic covering, which is used to carry electricity or
electronic signals.
1/18 GAUGE COPPER or ALUMINIUM CABLE/WIRE:
The size of the wire is 18 S.W.G. If the wire consists of a single conductor, it can be expressed as 1/18.
1/18 copper wire refers to a wire that is made of copper and has a diameter of 0.04 inches. It is commonly used in
electrical wiring and other applications where a small and flexible wire is needed. Copper is a good conductor of
electricity and is resistant to corrosion, making it a popular choice for these types of applications.
1/18 means cable has 1 conductor of 18 gauge. 18 gauge has a diameter of approx. 1.12 mm. It can carry about 12
amperes of current.

Fig.1 1/18 GAUGE COPPER or ALUMINIUM CABLE/WIRE

3/20 GAUGE COPPER or ALUMINIUM CABLE/WIRE:
The cable of 3 strands each of gauge 20 SWG is represented as 3/20. The 3 indicates three wires (conductors). One
conductor would be your hot wire, typically black. The next conductor would be your neutral typically a white wire. It
can carry about 15 amperes of current.

Fig.2 3/20 GAUGE COPPER or ALUMINIUM CABLE/WIRE:

7/20 GAUGE COPPER or ALUMINIUM CABLE/WIRE:

The 7/20 value indicates that the wire has 7 strands, each of which has a diameter of 0.914 mm. The electrical equivalent
of 7/20 wire is 12-gauge solid wire. 7 strands of 20-gauge copper. 7 strand wire is common because 6 strands will neatly
twist around a centre strand. It can carry about 28 amperes of current.

Fig.3 7/20 GAUGE COPPER or ALUMINIUM CABLE/WIRE

PRE-EXPERIMENT QUESTIONS:

1.what is wire?

2. What is Cable?

POST-EXPERIMENT QUESTIONS:

1.What is the meaning of strand?

2. What is the current rating of 1/18,3/20 and 7/20 wires?

RESULT:

Signature of the faculty

EVALUATION:

Marks
Description Marks Awarded
Allotted
Identification 3
operation 3
Performance / result &
4
viva-voce.
TOTAL 10