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Effective Utilization of GIS in Urban Planning

and Development for Daund City
Supriya J. Yadav, Prof. Hemant Salunkhe
M.E. Student (Construction & Management), Department of Civil Engineering, D. Y. Patil Institute of Engineering &
Technology, Ambi Pune, India
Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, D. Y. Patil Institute of Engineering &
Technology, Ambi Pune, India

ABSTRACT: Rural and urban development, a determinant of a nation’s progress, is one of the core functions of
governance.The extraordinary growth of urbanization in India has given rise to problems of housing, sanitation, power,
water supply, disposal of effluents and environmental pollution. Systematic mapping and periodic monitoring of urban
land use is therefore necessary for proper planning management and policy making. For sustainable development of
urban area, optimal urban land use plans and resources development models need to be generated by integrating the
information on natural resources, demographic and socio – economic data in a GIS domain with the currently available
satellite data. Planning becomes complex without use of modern technologies available. Now a days GIS proves to be
most feasible and economical tool for urban planning and development. GIS enables to provide a single platform of
required information by using various distinct databases. However, the urban planning and development scenario in
developing nations is different, complex and more challenging than that in developed nations.
This paper presents the case study of Malkapur, Daund& Talegaon town in Maharashtra.Adoption of technology in
small and medium-sized towns is usually difficult due to budgetary constraints. The case studies selected are thus, an
encouraging example since it exhibits worthiness of technology investment evident through the swiftness and accuracy
attained in data collection and analysis at economy of cost and time. The collective application of management
principles, planning principles and the geospatial technology for the purpose of preparing a development plan for an
upcoming progressive town assuring sustainable development. The measures are also suggested with
a view to have the implementation of the plan quantitatively as well qualitatively.

KEYWORDS: QGIS, Urban development, GIS, Construction Management

I.INTRODUCTION
1.1. Overview of GIS

A geographic information system, or GIS, is a computerized data management system used to capture, store, manage,
retrieve, analyse and display spatial information. A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based tool for
the input, storage, management, retrieval and output of information. In other words, a GIS answers questions about
where things are or about what is located at a given location. The term “GIS” has different meanings in different
contexts. It can relate to the overall system of hardware and software that is used to work with spatial information. Civil
engineering is about developing and sustaining infrastructure. Geographic information system (GIS) technology
provides the tools for creating, managing, analysing, and visualizing the data associated with developing and managing
infrastructure. GIS allows to manage and share data and turn it into easily understood reports and visualizations that can
be analysed and communicated to others. This data can be related to both a project and its broader geographic context.
It also helps organizations and governments work together to develop strategies for sustainable development. Thus,

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GIS is playing an increasingly important role in civil engineering companies, supporting all phases of the infrastructure
life cycle.

1.2. Problem statement

The main problem in current planning system is that the required information of planning & design is stored in
different formats. The required information is available with different administrative authorities of Government and is
not well recorded and managed as well. In addition there is another major difficulty of coordination as various
information associated with public utilities is available with different Govt authorities. Thus it becomes necessary to
look for a system which will help in generating new data set by integrating the existing diverse datasets with a spatial
referencing system.

1.3. Objectives

1. Identification of various complications involved inurban planning.

2. Studying exiting utilities and need of development.
3. Ascertaining different alternatives of development and selecting one out of it on the basis of impact analysis.
4. Cost comparison with conventional planning method.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Introduction
The literature review concentrates on the importance of utilizing GIS in managing projects predominantly in the area of
construction throughout the world. The studies also highlighted in this paper have been thoroughly researched and
assessed in order to support and address the arguments being presented in an organized and relevant manner for ease of
reference.
With the advances in the field of information technologies, the construction industry has started taking
advantage some of these developments. “GIS is the tool used to manage construction projects and can improve the
construction planning and design efficiency by integrating locational and thematic information in a single
environment.” (Coors & Abdul-Rahman, 2010)
This review also takes into consideration several parameters of how GIS can be employed by linking the
system to other software (Microsoft Project and AutoCAD) to provide spatial representation of the varied aspects
of a housing construction project, project status and also the possible challenges involved in implementing GIS
within a project management organization.

2.2 Rationale for GIS in Construction Management

The history of Construction is considered to be fraught with problems particularly through poor and
inefficient communication that usually exists between owners, engineers, contractors, and the public. Even in today's
technologically advanced society, on some projects, field activities and information recording are performed
manually and produced daily, weekly or monthly. This lack of communication and data sharing has a direct impact
on claims, public relations, and project cost containment. (Carter &Seider, 2006).
The complexity coupled with the huge quantity of information in the building design and construction project
require an efficient system that may aid in the integration of various types of data and provide the required information
and data in a timely manner that will finally support various decision and construction operations. The information
required for planning and design are stored in different forms, such as drawings, specifications, and bar charts. In the
planning process, the planner has to continually interpret and structure the information collected from various
resources which can be tedious and prone to errors (Cheng and Yang, 2001).
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is an appropriate technology for managing construction projects
and can improve the construction planning and design efficiency by integrating spatial and thematic information in

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a single environment. It provides capabilities to solve problems, involving creation and management of data,
integration of information, visualization and cost estimation to which most of the construction management
software is lacking. In construction management, GIS leads to the improvement in collective decision-making
among planners, designers and contractors (Bansal and Pal, 2005).
High levels of efficiency in construction management are crucial in the construction industry. A large number
of data involved in the planning and design phases of construction projects are usually stored in various forms such as
drawings, tables, and charts. These data need to be sorted properly to ensure it can be retrieved and manipulated by
related parties when needed. (Coors, et-al, 2010)
Kartam (1997) further extrapolated that the construction industry is perceived to be one of the most
hazardous occupations, and ranked low in safety, quality control, and proper information system. Both Vijay (2006)
and Kartam (1997) discussed that these circumstances therefore indicates that there is need to have effective
computerized methods which would efficiently integrate safety and quality control, during construction as well as the
incorporation and evaluation of other important aspects of a project such as costs. One such identified system would
be a Geographic Information System, because of its extensive areas of application across the construction industry
(Kartam, 1997). In this case the Geographic Information Systems would be utilized as a computerized tool used for
capturing, storing, querying, analyzing and displaying the geographic information. Like any other information system,
GIS is a special class of information system, which has four components involving a computer system, GIS software,
human expert and data. (Bansal, 2007)
“In recent years, evidence has shown that GIS applications have proliferated in the construction industry.
This fact has been illustrated by the growing number of articles being published in civil engineering and construction
journals and conference proceedings, in addition to the handful of special publications devoted to GIS” (Oloufa et al.,
1994). GIS use has also spanned in different areas of applications in construction which includes but is not limited to
progress monitoring system in construction, networking solution, 3-D data analysis, site location and client distance,
comparison of data, construction scheduling and progress control with 3-D visualization, Government Regulations.
(Oloufa et al., 1994)
The application of GIS in urban planning and its limitations are deliberated by Ag-O Yeh. The author has explained use
of GIS in different stages of planning. The paper also explains the development and selection of planning options. The
paper covers aspect of using GIS in implementation stage. The author also mentions the factors influencing the use of
GIS in urban planning the paper explains how the data can be organized and used for planning purpose. Finally the
paper concludes that the GIS is becoming the main domain in planning and GIS with planning models, visualization,
and the Internet will make GIS more useful to urban planning.(Urban planning & GIS by Ag-O-Yeh)
The research explains the diffusion of GIS within North American planning. The author explains the transformations
brought about by the interplay of GIS and planning. The author also states that GIS meets a fundamental need for
efficient spatial data-handling capability in planning at all levels and its emphasis on regional economic planning as
well as environmental planning finally it concludes that GIS confronts well established, politically favorable, non-
automated procedures that are able to obfuscate the decision-making process through inefficiency and lack of
documentation
(Trevor M. Harris and Gregory A. Elmes, 1993)

III. DATA COLLECTION

3.1. Introduction of Daund

Daund is a city, municipal council and headquarters of Daund taluka in Pune district. Daund is semi urban in nature. It
is one of the main talukas towards the Eastern side of Pune. East to West Distance of Daund is 75 kms and breath wise
Daund is 45 kms wide. Daund is a very important railway junction, consequently floating population of the town is
quite high.
Coordinates of Daund are Latitude: 18°27'33.44"N Longitude:74°35'14.41"E.The Daund municipal council limit is
spread over an area of 9.2 sq km and is bounded by the Bhimariver to its north-east. It comprises of 23 wards. The
existing road length of the town is 91 km and it has 13578 buildings.

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Data of area boundary, ward boundaries, ward wise population was collected.

IV.METHODOLOGY

Area identification &

boundary marking

Digitization

Ward wise population

density

Adding attributes

Preparation of base map

Identification of needs &

proposals of development

Impact analysis &

prioritizing proposals

Cost benifit analysis

1. Area identification & boundary marking

First of all study was identified on google earth. The same area was identified on QGIS by using XYZ Tile
function.By doing this a base map of google earth was added in the background of new GIS file previously created. It
will help in digitizing the different layers like roads, buildings etc.

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Fig: Adding google earth as background

2. Digitization of the Study Area

Digitization is the process of conversion of data into digital format. In GIS context it is the process in which
coordinates from map, image or any other data are converted into digital form. Different vector data sets i.e. point, line,
polygon can be created in the digitization process. Roads, ward boundaries, water bodies etc are digitized.

Fig: Digitization of study area

3. Population density
Data of ward wise population was collected and tabulated. The collected data was further analysed and bifurcated on
the basis of the population density criterion. The data was mainly bifurcated in high, medium & low density categories.
It will be the governing criterion for proposing the development alternatives.
4. Adding attribute data
The attribute table displays information on features of a selected layer. Each row in the table represents a feature (with
or without geometry), and each column contains a particular piece of information about the feature.Attributes of ward
wise population, density, ward no are attached to the attribute table of ward. Attributes related to pipe network such as
diameter, material, year of installation etc are also added to attribute table of a pipe network.

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Fig: Adding attributes

5. Preparation of base map

A basemap provides a user with context for a map. All the required information can be added to a single
platform.Basemaps contain reference information that may provide different geospatial information based on what the
cartographer is trying to communicate.Typical GIS data and imagery that make up the layers for a basemap: streets,
parcels, boundaries (country, county, city boundaries), shaded relief of a digital elevation model, waterways, and aerial
or satellite imagery. A basemap ofstudy areais prepared with various layers of road, ward boundary, landmark etc. this
base map will serve basis for future planning.

Fig: Basemap of study area

Fig: Detailed view of basemap

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Fig: Basemap of study area with google earth background

Fig: Basemapshowing ward wise density

Proposals of development in Daund

Selected area:
In this proposal, area under ward number 2,3,5,6,7,4,8,9&10 is taken under consideration. These wards are high
population density wards. Population density of these wards is 419, 329, 448, 369, 372, 390, 527, 692 & 6088
respectively.

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Fig: area of proposal 1

Reason of selection:
The main reason behind the selection of ward no 2,3,5,6 & 7 is less percentage of existing pipeline network in spite of
being highly populated area. And the primary reason behind the selection of ward no 4,8,9& 10 installation year of
some of pipelines in these wards is 1977.
Water supply network is designed for 30 years of life span as per CPHEEO norms. Considering the population growth
in this area as well as installation year, the entire network laid in the year of 1977 needs to be replaced as the designed
life span of 30 years is over quite long back. Keeping in view the population served in this area, the existing system is
lacking in both ways of coverage and design life span. Hence the recommendation 1 could be of replacing the entire
network laid in the year 1977 and laying the new pipe network in uncovered area.

Proposal:
As mentioned above total 9 number of wards are considered under this recommendation. Total existing pipe network
laid in these wards is 12.5 Km out of which 11.5 Km is laid in the year of 1977. Therefore it is proposed to replace all
these pipelines installed in the year of 1977 having total length of 11.5 Km.
It has also been perceived that, there is newly developed area which do not have any pipe lines. Length of these roads is
around 3Km. therefore it is also proposed to lay new pipe lines in this area to serve the newly developed habitat. Thus
total 14.5 Km network needs to be placed.

Impact analysis:
Population of the considered wards is 3763, 1649, 1813, 1949, 2121, 1178, 2505, 2282 & 1422 respectively. Hence the
total population of the area considered under this alternative is 18682 which is equivalent to 37.69% of the total
population of Daund. Consequently by replacing 11.5 Km old pipe lines and placing 3 Km pipe lines, total population
of 18682 can be served with new pipe network.

Proposal 2:

Selected area:
In this Proposal, area under ward number 18,19,20,21,22&23 is taken under consideration. These wards are medium
population density wards. Population density of these wards is 117, 148, 183, 127, 142 & 143 respectively.

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Fig: area of proposal 2

Reason of selection:
The main reason behind the selection these wards is less percentage of existing pipeline network in spite of being
populated area. Some of the existing pipelines are installed in the year of 1985 as well.
Water supply network is designed for 30 years of life span as per CPHEEO norms. Considering the population growth
in this area as well as installation year, the network laid in the year of 1985 needs to be replaced as the designed life
span of 30 years is over. Keeping in view the population served in this area, the existing system is lacking in both ways
of coverage and design life span. Hence the alternative 1 could be of replacing the network laid in the year 1985 and
laying the new pipe network in uncovered area.

Proposal:
As mentioned above total 6 number of wards are considered under this Proposal. Total existing pipe network laid in
these wards is 3.98 Km out of which 1.89 Km is laid in the year of 1985. Therefore it is proposed to replace all these
pipelines installed in the year of 1985 having total length of 1.89 Km.
It has also been perceived that, there is newly developed area which do not have any pipe lines. Length of these roads is
around 12.3Km. therefore it is also proposed to lay new pipe lines in this area to serve the newly developed habitat.
Thus total 14.2 Km network needs to be placed.

Impact analysis:
Population of the considered wards is 2422, 1317, 917, 1160, 1418 & 870 respectively. Hence the total population of
the area considered under this alternative is 8104 which is equivalent to 16.35% of the total population of Daund.
Consequently by replacing 1.89 Km old pipe lines and placing 12.3 Km pipe lines, total population of 8104 can be
served with new pipe network.

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Comparison of Proposals
Sr. No Description Proposal 1 Proposal 2

1 Replacement of old pipes 11.5 Km 0.7 Km

2 Installation of new pipes 3 Km 12.5 Km

3 Area Developed Developing

4 Population affected 18682 8104

Recommendation
After digitizing and analyzing all the data in GIS, comparison of proposed Proposals become easy. Consequently
studying the impact analysis of both the Proposal on GIS base map it can be clearly seen that, proposal 1 serves more
population if the pipe network of 12 km length is placed, whereas area population served under proposal 2 is 10912 if
only 3Km of pipe line is placed. If both the proposals are compared it can be clearly seen that, thought proposal 1 is
serving more population proposal 2 can serve more population with less pipe network. Also proposal 2 will give early
and additional recovery as it is developed area with high population density as compared to proposal 1. Therefore
considering the current scenario proposal 2 should be considered as first priority while developing the city area as it
will affect more population with less pipe network.

Cost benefit analysis

Cost benefit analysis of Daund has been carried out as follows

Man-days consumed
Description With use of GIS Without use of GIS

Digitization of roads 10 15

Digitization of pipelines 5 9

Digitization of buildings 6 15

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Digitization of water bodies 1 2

Digitization of ward boundaries 2 5

Software required with cost QGIS- Freely available AutoCAD-

Rs 67,044 per Year

Total man-days 24 46

Let us consider that, salary of a person is Rs 50,000 per month.

Therefore per day amount will be 1666.66 ≅ 1667 Rs

Thus,

Cost of working with GIS = 1667 X 31 = 40,008 Rs

Cost of working without GIS = 1667 X 57 = 76,682 Rs + 67,044 (software) = 1,43,726

Hence % reduction in cost = (1,43,726-40,008)/1,43,726 X 100= 72.16 %

V. DISCUSSION & RECOMMENDATION

i. From the above results it is clear that to make maximum beneficial of available data of a certain area, a planner
should take into consideration the use of GIS tool in the planning stage itself

ii. There are various parameters which are taken into consideration. Different options of development can be proposed
using the base map prepared with aid if GIS

iii. Impact area of every option can be plotted and indicated on a base map and comparison study is carried out

iv. This type of work can be applied in future to plan & develop any town or city

VI. CONCLUSION

This study illustrates the importance of GIS tool at planning stage would assist planner to obtain the accurate and real
time data in a single click.
Development in planned manner will can optimise execution time which in turn will optimise cost as well
By using QGIS software the records of existing utilities of Daund & Talegaon are prepared which will help to prioritize
the development of the town easily in less time with maximum precision
GIS is a tool if used in planning stage can optimize time as well as cost. Cost benefit analysis of the study area shows
72.16% cost reduction.

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