COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE TRIAL COURT BOSTON 02108

CHILD SUPPORT GUIDELINES

The attached CHILD SUPPORT GUIDELINES supersede any previous Guidelines and are effective February 15, 2006.

_______________________________________________ Robert A. Mulligan Chief Justice for Administration and Management

COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE TRIAL COURT CHILD SUPPORT GUIDELINES

THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THESE GUIDELINES APPLY IN ALL CASES SEEKING THE ESTABLISHMENT OR MODIFICATION OF A CHILD SUPPORT ORDER. A SPECIFIC, WRITTEN FINDING THAT THE GUIDELINES WOULD BE UNJUST OR INAPPROPRIATE AND THAT THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILD HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED IN A PARTICULAR CASE SHALL BE SUFFICIENT TO REBUT THE PRESUMPTION IN THAT CASE. THESE GUIDELINES APPLY TO CURRENT CHILD SUPPORT ONLY. THEY DO NOT APPLY TO ALIMONY, THE DIVISION OF MARITAL PROPERTY, THE PAYMENT OF ARREARS, RESTITUTION, OR REIMBURSEMENT.

THESE REVISED GUIDELINES, IN AND OF THEMSELVES, DO NOT CONSTITUTE A SUFFICIENT CHANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES TO WARRANT A MODIFICATION OF THE CHILD SUPPORT ORDER.

The child support guidelines are formulated to be used by the justices of the Trial Court, whether the parents of the children are married or unmarried, in setting temporary, permanent or final orders for current child support, in deciding whether to approve agreements for child support, and in deciding cases that are before the court to modify existing orders. A modification may be allowed upon showing a discrepancy of 20% or more between an established order and a proposed new order calculated under these guidelines. The presumption establishing a proposed new order may be rebutted in cases where the amount of support required under the guidelines is due to the fact that the amount of the current support order resulted from a rebuttal of the guideline amount and there has not been a change in the circumstances which resulted in a rebuttal of the guideline amount. The guidelines are intended to be of assistance to members of the bar and to litigants in determining what level of payment would be expected of them given the relative income levels of the parties. In all orders where an order for child support is requested, a guideline worksheet must be filled out, regardless of the income of the parties. In establishing these guidelines, due consideration has been given to the following principles: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) To minimize the economic impact on the child of family breakup; To encourage joint parental responsibility for child support in proportion to, or as a percentage of income; To provide the standard of living the child would have enjoyed had the family been intact; To meet the childs survival needs in the first instance, but to the extent either parent enjoys a higher standard of living to entitle the child to enjoy that higher standard; To protect a subsistence level of income of parents at the low end of the income range whether or not they are on public assistance; To take into account the non-monetary contributions of both the custodial and non-custodial parents; To minimize problems of proof for the parties and of administration for the courts; and To allow for orders and wage assignments that can be adjusted as income increases or decreases.

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I. INCOME DEFINITION

A. For purposes of these guidelines income is defined as gross income from whatever source. Those sources include, but are not limited to, the following: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) salaries and wages, including overtime and tips, and income from self-employment, except in certain instances, see B below; commissions; severance pay; royalties; bonuses; interest and dividends; income derived from business/partnerships; social security; veterans benefits; insurance benefits, including those received for disability and personal injury; workers compensation; unemployment compensation; pensions; annuities; income from trusts; capital gains in real and personal property transactions to the extent that they represent a regular source of income; spousal support received from a person not a party to the order; contractual agreements; perquisites or in kind compensation to the extent that they represent a regular source of income; unearned income of children, in the courts discretion; income from life insurance or endowment contracts; income from interest in an estate, either directly or through a trust; lottery or gambling winnings received either in a lump sum or in the form of an annuity; prizes or awards; net rental income; and funds received from earned income credit.

B. In individual cases, the court may choose to disregard overtime income or income derived from a second job. However, consideration of such income may be appropriate in certain instances such as those where such income constituted a regular source of income when the family was intact.
II. FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN SETTING THE CHILD SUPPORT ORDER

A.

RELATIONSHIP TO ALIMONY OR SEPARATE MAINTENANCE PAYMENTS

So long as the standard of living of the children is not diminished, these guidelines do not preclude the court from deciding that any order be denominated in whole or in part as alimony or as a separate maintenance payment. It is the responsibility of counsel representing the parties to present the tax consequences of proposed orders to the court. B.
CLAIMS OF PERSONAL EXEMPTIONS FOR CHILD DEPENDENTS

In setting a support order, the court may make an order regarding the claims of personal exemptions for child dependents between the parties to the extent permitted by law.

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C.

MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM LEVELS

The guidelines recognize the principle that, in many instances, to maintain a domicile and a reasonable standard of living for the minor children, the custodial parent will choose to work. In those cases, a disregard of gross income of the custodial parent is to be applied up to a maximum of $20,000. The formula in these guidelines is intended to be adjusted where the income of the custodial parent exceeds the $20,000 disregard after consideration of day care expenses. These guidelines are also intended to ensure a minimum subsistence level for those non-custodial parents whose income is less than $100 per week. However, it is the obligation of all parents to contribute to the support of their children. To that end, in all cases, a minimum order of $80.00 per month ($18.46 per week) should enter. This minimum should not be construed as limiting the courts ability to set a higher order, should circumstances permit. Where the court makes a determination that either or both of the parties is either purposely unemployed or underemployed, the section of these guidelines entitled ATTRIBUTION OF INCOME should be consulted. These guidelines are not meant to apply where the combined gross income of the parties exceeds $135,000 or where the gross income of the non-custodial parent exceeds $100,000. In cases where income exceeds these limits, the court should consider the award of support at the $100,000/$135,000 level as a minimum presumptive level of support to be awarded. Additional amounts of child support may be awarded at the judges discretion. D.
CUSTODY AND VISITATION

1)

Custody

These guidelines are based upon traditional custody and visitation arrangements. Where the parties agree to shared physical custody or the court determines that shared physical custody is in the best interests of the children, these guidelines are not applicable. The guidelines also are not meant to apply to cases in which there is split physical custody, i.e., each parent has physical custody of one or more children. 2) Visitation

These guidelines recognize that children must be allowed to enjoy the society and companionship of both parents to the greatest extent possible. The court may adjust the amount of child support beyond the 2 percent range (see SECTION III (A), BASIC ORDER) after taking into consideration the parties actual time sharing with the children and the relative resources, expenses, and living standards of the two households. In some instances the non-custodial parent may incur extraordinary travel related expenses in order to exercise court ordered visitation rights. To foster parental involvement with the children, the court may wish to consider such extraordinary expenses in determining the support order. E.
CHILD CARE CREDIT

The basic child support obligation set out in the guidelines includes the non-custodial parents share of child care expenses. Child care expenses are not seen as a separate support item and responsibility for them resides with the custodial parent.

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The reasonable cost of child care (costs as defined by 26 U.S.C. 21, I.R.C. 21) actually paid is to be subtracted from the custodial parents gross income before the disregard formula is applied. F.
AGE OF THE CHILDREN

To reflect the costs of raising children, age has been broken down into three groups: 0-12, 13-18, and over 18. A single adjustment to the basic order should be made based on the age of the oldest child for whom support is to be ordered. The support order where the oldest child is 12 or under should be the basic support order according to the schedule. Where the oldest child is between the ages of 13 and 18, the order should be increased by 10 percent of the basic order amount. For cases involving children over the age of 18, to the extent permitted by the General Laws, the amount of the order, if any, will be left to the courts discretion. Where the parties file an agreement with the court that allows for private payment between the parties, it is suggested that the incremental age issue be addressed in the agreement. G.
HEALTH INSURANCE, UNINSURED, AND EXTRAORDINARY MEDICAL EXPENSES

1)

Health Insurance

When the court makes an order for child support, the court shall determine whether the obligor under the order has health insurance on a group plan available to him/her through an employer or organization or has health insurance or other health coverage available to him/her at a reasonable cost that may be extended to cover the child for whom support is ordered. When the court makes a determination that the obligor has such coverage, the court shall include in the support order a requirement that the obligor exercise the option of additional coverage in favor of such child, unless the obligee already has provided such coverage for the child at a lesser cost (except for health insurance funded under public assistance programs), or has and prefers to continue such coverage irrespective of cost. If family health coverage is to be provided by the obligor, the support order should be reduced by one half the cost of family coverage. It is the responsibility of the obligor under the support order who is seeking such a reduction in the order to produce proof satisfactory to the court of the existence of such family coverage under the plan, or no such reduction shall be allowed. However, there shall be no reduction if the obligor has a preexisting family health insurance policy which could be amended to name the additional dependents to the policy at no cost to the obligor. Should health insurance not be provided for any period for which it is ordered, the credit for the premium payment shall be revoked and the order shall be increased by the amount of the credit during the period of noncompliance. If family health coverage is provided by the obligee, the support order should be increased by one half the cost of the coverage. It is the responsibility of the obligee who is seeking an increase in the order to produce proof satisfactory to the court of the existence of such family coverage under the plan, or no such increase shall be allowed. However, there shall be no increase if the obligee has a preexisting family health insurance policy which could be amended to name the additional dependents at no cost to the obligee. Should health insurance not be provided for any period for which it is ordered, the increase allowed for the premium payment shall be revoked and the order shall be decreased during the period when health insurance is not provided.

2)

Routine Uninsured Medical and Dental Expenses

The custodial parent shall be responsible for the payment of the first $100 per child per year for routine uninsured medical and dental expenses. For amounts above that limit, the court shall allocate costs on a case by case basis. No reduction in the child support order should be allowed. -4February 15, 2006

3)

Uninsured Extraordinary Medical and Dental Expenses

The payment of uninsured extraordinary medical and dental expenses incurred by the minor children, absent agreement of the parties, shall be treated on a case by case basis. (Example: orthodontia, psychological/psychiatric counseling, etc.) In such cases, where the court makes a determination that such medical and dental services are necessary and are in the best interests of the child, consideration toward a reduction in the child support order should be given.
H. ATTRIBUTION OF INCOME

If the court makes a determination that a party is earning substantially less than he or she could through reasonable effort, the court may consider potential earning capacity rather than actual earnings. In making this determination, the court shall take into consideration the education, training, and past employment history of the party. These standards are intended to be applied where a finding has been made that the party is capable of working and is unemployed, working part-time or is working a job, trade, or profession other than that for which he/she has been trained. This determination is not intended to apply to a custodial parent with children who are under the age of six living in the home.
I. PRIOR ORDERS FOR SUPPORT

To the extent that prior orders for spousal and child support are actually being paid, the court should deduct those payments from the gross income before applying the formula to determine the child support order. This section applies only to orders for child support for children other than those who are the subject of the pending action.
J. EXPENSES OF SUBSEQUENT FAMILIES

In instances where the non-custodial parent has remarried and has children by a subsequent marriage, the court should examine such circumstances closely to determine in the allocation of available resources whether consideration beyond Part II, Section I (Prior Orders for Support) should be given when the custodial parent of children borne of the first marriage, or subsequent marriages appears before the court seeking a modification of the existing child support order. Expenses of a subsequent family may be used as a defense to a request to modify an order seeking an increase in the existing order, but such expenses should not be considered a reason to decrease existing prior orders. In actions pursuant to G.L. c. 209C, this paragraph shall be construed to apply equally to children born out of wedlock.

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III. CHILD SUPPORT OBLIGATION SCHEDULE A. BASIC ORDER

The basic child support obligation, based upon the income of the non-custodial parent is as follows: GROSS WEEKLY INCOME 1 $ 0-$100 $101-$280 $281-$750 NUMBER OF CHILDREN 2 3

Discretion of the court, but not less than $80 per month 21% 24% 27%

$59 + 23% $67 + 28% $76 + 31% (% refers to all dollars over $280) $167 + 25% $199 + 30% $222 + 33% (% refers to all dollars over $750)

$751-max

For children in excess of 3 covered by the order, the support shall be no less than that for 3 children; should a judge order support at the 3 child level, written findings shall describe the circumstances of the particular case which warrant the minimum order. Within the discretion of the court, and in consideration of the totality of the circumstances of the parties, the Basic Order may be either increased or decreased by 2%. An adjustment of 2% shall not be considered a deviation. B. AGE DIFFERENTIAL

The above orders are to be increased to reflect the cost of raising older children. The following is intended to be applied to the age of the oldest child in the household for whom support is sought under the pending action. AGE OF OLDEST CHILD 0-12 13-18 Over 18 PERCENTAGE INCREASE Basic Order Applies Basic Order + 10% of Basic Order Discretion of the court (and if statute permits)

C.

CUSTODIAL PARENT INCOME ADJUSTMENT

Where the custodial parent works and earns income in excess of $20,000 after consideration of child care expenses, the support order is to be reduced by the percentage that the excess represents in relation to the combined incomes of both parents minus the custodial parents disregard.

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CHILD SUPPORT GUIDELINES WORKSHEET Court Docket #:__________________________ Date Worksheet Completed: ________________
All provisions of the Guidelines should be reviewed prior to the completion of the worksheet. These Guidelines will apply in cases where combined gross income of both parties does not exceed $135,000 and where the gross income of the noncustodial parent does not exceed $100,000. Worksheets shall be completed for all cases.

1. BASIC ORDER a. Non custodial gross weekly income (less prior support orders actually paid for child/family other than the family seeking this order) b. Basic Child Support Order from chart (Attachment A) 2. ADJUSTMENT FOR AGE OF CHILDREN a. If age of oldest child is 13 - 18, calculate 10% times (A) b. Adjusted order (A) + (2 a)

__________ (A) __________

__________ (B)____________

3. CUSTODIAL PARENT INCOME ADJUSTMENT a. Custodial parent gross income (annual) __________ b. Less $20,000 c. Less annual child care cost d. Custodial adjusted gross e. Non custodial gross (annual) f. Total available gross (d ) +(e) g. Line 3(d) _________ Line 3 (f)__________ h. 3 (d) divided by 3 (f) ________ % - $20,000 - ________ __________ __________ __________

I. Adjustment for custodial income ( Line 3 h %) X (B) 4. CALCULATION OF FINAL ORDER a. Adjusted order, (B) above b. Less adjustment for (C) above c. Less 50% weekly cost to obligor of family group health insurance [Section G. 1] Or Plus 50% weekly cost of obligees family group health insurance [Section G. 1]

(C) ____________

(B)___________ (C) - _________

- ___________

+ ___________

5. WEEKLY SUPPORT ORDER (B) - (C) + 4 (c)

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Court Docket #:

02D0109

SAMPLE WORKSHEET Date Worksheet Completed: May 3, 2002 $40,000 ($769/week) $40 $28,000 $4,160 $24

Non custodial parent gross annual income Weekly support paid - child of prior marriage Custodial parent gross annual income 2 Children covered by order, ages 6 and 8 Annualized day care cost Non custodial weekly cost family group health insur. 1. BASIC ORDER a. Non custodial gross weekly income (less prior support orders actually paid for child/family other than the family seeking this order) b. Basic Child Support Order from chart (Attachment A) 2. ADJUSTMENT FOR AGE OF CHILDREN a. If age of oldest child is 13 - 18, calculate 10% times (A) b. Adjusted order (A) + (2 a) 3. CUSTODIAL PARENT INCOME ADJUSTMENT a. Custodial parent gross income (annual) b. Less $20,000 c. Less annual child care cost d. Custodial adjusted gross e. Non custodial gross (annual) f. Total available gross (d ) +(e) g. Line 3(d) 3840 Line 3 (f) 43840 . 09 %

729 (A) 193

0 (B) 193

28,000 - $20,000 - 4,160 3,840 40,000 43,840

h. 3 (d) divided by 3 (f)

I. Adjustment for custodial income ( Line 3 h %) X (B) 4. CALCULATION OF FINAL ORDER a. Adjusted order, (B) above b. Less adjustment for (C) above c. Less 50% weekly cost to obligor of family group health insurance [Section G. 1] Or Plus 50% weekly cost of obligees family group health insurance [Section G. 1] 5. WEEKLY SUPPORT ORDER (B) - (c) + 4 (c)

(C)

17

(B) (C) -

193 17

12

+ $ 164

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Attachment A BASIC CHILD SUPPORT ORDER

Non-Custodial Gross Weekly Income 0-100 101 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 281 285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320

Number of Children 2 3 Not less than 18.46 21 24 27 22 25 28 23 26 30 24 28 31 25 29 32 26 30 34 27 31 35 28 32 36 29 34 38 30 35 39 32 36 40 33 37 42 34 38 43 35 40 45 36 41 46 37 42 47 38 43 49 39 44 50 40 46 51 41 47 53 42 48 54 43 49 55 44 50 57 45 52 58 46 53 59 47 54 61 48 55 62 49 56 63 50 58 65 51 59 66 52 60 68 54 61 69 55 62 70 56 64 72 57 65 73 58 66 74 59 67 76 59 67 76 60 68 78 61 70 79 62 71 81 64 73 82 65 74 84 66 75 85 67 77 87 68 78 88 1

Non-Custodial Gross Weekly Income 325 330 335 340 345 350 355 360 365 370 375 380 385 390 395 400 405 410 415 420 425 430 435 440 445 450 455 460 465 470 475 480 485 490 495 500 505 510 515 520 525 530 535 540 545 550

Number of Children 1 69 70 72 73 74 75 76 77 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 90 91 92 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 118 119 120 121 2 80 81 82 84 85 87 88 89 91 92 94 95 96 98 99 101 102 103 105 106 108 109 110 112 113 115 116 117 119 120 122 123 124 126 127 129 130 131 133 134 136 137 138 140 141 143 3 90 92 93 95 96 98 99 101 102 104 105 107 109 110 112 113 115 116 118 119 121 122 124 126 127 129 130 132 133 135 136 138 140 141 143 144 146 147 149 150 152 154 155 157 158 160

Attachment A BASIC CHILD SUPPORT ORDER

Non-Custodial Gross Weekly Income 555 560 565 570 575 580 585 590 595 600 605 610 615 620 625 630 635 640 645 650 655 660 665 670 675 680 685 690 695 700 705 710 715 720 725 730 735 740 745 750 751 755 760 765 770 775 780

Number of Children 1 122 123 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 133 134 135 136 137 138 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 164 165 166 167 167 168 170 171 172 173 174 2 144 145 147 148 150 151 152 154 155 157 158 159 161 162 164 165 166 168 169 171 172 173 175 176 178 179 180 182 183 185 186 187 189 190 192 193 194 196 197 199 199 200 202 204 205 206 208 3 161 163 164 166 167 169 171 172 174 175 177 178 180 181 183 184 186 188 189 191 192 194 195 197 198 200 202 203 205 206 208 209 211 212 214 216 217 219 220 222 222 224 225 227 229 230 232

Non-Custodial Gross Weekly Income 785 790 795 800 805 810 815 820 825 830 835 840 845 850 855 860 865 870 875 880 885 890 895 900 905 910 915 920 925 930 935 940 945 950 955 960 965 970 975 980 985 990 995 1000 1005 1010 1015

Number of Children 1 176 177 178 180 181 182 183 184 186 187 188 190 191 192 193 194 196 197 198 200 201 202 203 204 206 207 208 210 211 212 213 214 216 217 218 220 221 222 223 224 226 227 228 230 231 232 233 2 210 211 212 214 216 217 218 220 222 223 224 226 228 229 230 232 234 235 236 238 240 241 242 244 246 247 248 250 252 253 254 256 258 259 260 262 264 265 266 268 270 271 272 274 276 277 278 3 234 235 237 238 240 242 243 245 247 248 250 252 253 255 257 258 260 262 263 265 267 268 270 272 273 275 276 278 280 281 283 285 286 288 290 291 293 295 296 298 300 301 303 304 306 308 309

Attachment A BASIC CHILD SUPPORT ORDER

Non-Custodial Gross Weekly Income 1020 1025 1030 1035 1040 1045 1050 1055 1060 1065 1070 1075 1080 1085 1090 1095 1100 1105 1110 1115 1120 1125 1130 1135 1140 1145 1150 1155 1160 1165 1170 1175 1180 1185 1190 1195 1200 1205 1210 1215 1220 1225 1230 1235 1240 1245 1250

Number of Children 1 234 236 237 238 240 241 242 243 244 246 247 248 250 251 252 253 254 256 257 258 260 261 262 263 264 266 267 268 270 271 272 273 274 276 277 278 280 281 282 283 284 286 287 288 290 291 292 2 280 282 283 284 286 288 289 290 292 294 295 296 298 300 301 302 304 306 307 308 310 312 313 314 316 318 319 320 322 324 325 326 328 330 331 332 334 336 337 338 340 342 343 344 346 348 349 3 311 313 314 316 318 319 321 323 324 326 328 329 331 333 334 336 338 339 341 342 344 346 347 349 351 352 354 356 357 359 361 362 364 366 367 369 370 372 374 375 377 379 380 382 384 385 387

Non-Custodial Gross Weekly Income 1255 1260 1265 1270 1275 1280 1285 1290 1295 1300 1305 1310 1315 1320 1325 1330 1335 1340 1345 1350 1355 1360 1365 1370 1375 1380 1385 1390 1395 1400 1405 1410 1415 1420 1425 1430 1435 1440 1445 1450 1455 1460 1465 1470 1475 1480 1485

Number of Children 1 293 294 296 297 298 300 301 302 303 304 306 307 308 310 311 312 313 314 316 317 318 320 321 322 323 324 326 327 328 330 331 332 333 334 336 337 338 340 341 342 343 344 346 347 348 350 351 2 350 352 354 355 356 358 360 361 362 364 366 367 368 370 372 373 374 376 378 379 380 382 384 385 386 388 390 391 392 394 396 397 398 400 402 403 404 406 408 409 410 412 414 415 416 418 420 3 389 390 392 394 395 397 399 400 402 404 405 407 408 410 412 413 415 417 418 420 422 423 425 427 428 430 432 433 435 436 438 440 441 443 445 446 448 450 451 453 455 456 458 460 461 463 465

Attachment A BASIC CHILD SUPPORT ORDER

Non-Custodial Gross Weekly Income 1490 1495 1500 1505 1510 1515 1520 1525 1530 1535 1540 1545 1550 1555 1560 1565 1570 1575 1580 1585 1590 1595 1600 1605 1610 1615 1620 1625 1630 1635 1640 1645 1650 1655 1660 1665 1670 1675 1680 1685 1690 1695 1700 1705

Number of Children 1 352 353 354 356 357 358 360 361 362 363 364 366 367 368 370 371 372 373 374 376 377 378 380 381 382 383 384 386 387 388 390 391 392 393 394 396 397 398 400 401 402 403 404 406 2 421 422 424 426 427 428 430 432 433 434 436 438 439 440 442 444 445 446 448 450 451 452 454 456 457 458 460 462 463 464 466 468 469 470 472 474 475 476 478 480 481 482 484 486 3 466 468 470 471 473 474 476 478 479 481 483 484 486 488 489 491 493 494 496 498 499 501 502 504 506 507 509 511 512 514 516 517 519 521 522 524 526 527 529 531 532 534 536 537

Non-Custodial Gross Weekly Income 1710 1715 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 1780 1785 1790 1795 1800 1805 1810 1815 1820 1825 1830 1835 1840 1845 1850 1855 1860 1865 1870 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1923

Number of Children 1 407 408 410 411 412 413 414 416 417 418 420 421 422 423 424 426 427 428 430 431 432 433 434 436 437 438 440 441 442 443 444 446 447 448 450 451 452 453 454 456 457 458 460 460 2 487 488 490 492 493 494 496 498 499 500 502 504 505 506 508 510 511 512 514 516 517 518 520 522 523 524 526 528 529 530 532 534 535 536 538 540 541 542 544 546 547 548 550 551 3 539 540 542 544 545 547 549 550 552 554 555 557 559 560 562 564 565 567 568 570 572 573 575 577 578 580 582 583 585 587 588 590 592 593 595 597 598 600 602 603 605 606 608 609