Class 8

Facilitator Handbook
 ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
CURRICULUM
Curated with support from Intel®
Acknowledgements
Patrons:
• Mr. Rahul Singh, IAS, Chairperson, Central Board of Secondary Education

Guidance and Support:

• Dr. Biswajit Saha, Director (Skill Education & Training), Central Board of Secondary
Education
• Ms. Shweta Khurana, Senior Director APJ, Government Partnerships and Initiatives,
International Government Affairs Group, Intel

Education Value adder, Curator and Coordinator:

• Sh. Ravinder Pal Singh, Joint Secretary, Department of Skill Education, Central
Board of Secondary Education
• Ms Saloni Singhal, Program Manager APJ, Intel Digital Readiness Programs
• Ms. Sarita Manuja, Educational Consultant & Program Director, NHES
• Ms. Shatarupa Dasgupta, National Program Manager, Intel Digital Readiness (NHES)

Content Curation Team:

• Ms. Ambika Saxena,Intel® AI for Youth Coach
• Ms. Prachi Chandra,Intel® AI for Youth Coach
• Ms. Yukti, Army Public School, Meerut
• Ms. Vineeta Garg, Shaheed Rajpal DAV Public School, Delhi
• Ms. Namita Mohanty, Delhi Public School, Rourkela
• Ms. Shilpa Sethi, DAV Public School, Sector 14, Gurugram
About the Book

Welcome to the world of Artificial Intelligence!

As we embark on this educational journey, it is our pleasure to introduce you to the AI

facilitator handbook for class VIIII. In an era where technology permeates every aspect of our
lives, understanding Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not just advantageous but essential for the
holistic development of young minds.

This book is designed specifically for AI teachers and students of Class VIII, offering a deeper
exploration of Artificial Intelligence concepts and applications. It provides a detailed
understanding of the AI Project Cycle, covering its stages and their importance in real-world
problem-solving. Additionally, the book introduces students to AI ethics, emphasizing
responsible AI practices and the significance of ethical considerations in the development and
use of AI technologies.

With a focus on structured learning and relatable examples, this book helps students to
explore and leverage AI to solve real-life challenges. It aims to inspire students to apply AI
knowledge responsibly and ethically towards an AI-ready future.

Happy learning!
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sessions Topics Duration
● What is AI project cycle? 8 hrs
Introduction to AI Project
● What are the different stages of AI
Cycle
project cycle? What is the importance of
&
each stage?
AI Ethics
● What is ethics? What is AI ethics?
● How to map an AI solution to the 7 hrs
three domains of AI?
Project 0: Presentation
● How to map the AI use case to the different
stages of the AI project cycle?
 UNIT – I
Session - I
AI Project cycle

Lesson Title: AI Project Cycle and its stages Approach: Session + Activity
Summary: The project cycle represents a series of phases guiding project progression. It
is a cyclical process followed to complete an AI project and helps to understand the
process better and faster. By defining the problem, gathering relevant data, analyzing it,
building a model, and evaluating its performance, you can ensure your AI project achieves
its goals. The AI project cycle provides a roadmap for developing effective AI solutions.

Learning Objectives:

1. Understand the concept of a project cycle.

2. Explore the AI project cycle and its significance in completing AI projects
effectively.
3. Identify the different stages involved in the AI project cycle and their key tasks.
4. Recognize the role of problem scoping and data acquisition in a successful AI
project.
5. Explain the purpose of data exploration and model evaluation in the AI
development process.
Learning Outcomes:

1. Students will gain an understanding of the project cycle.

2. Students will delve into the AI project cycle and grasp its significance in
efficiently completing AI projects.
3. Students will be able to explain the stages of the AI project cycle and
their significance.
4. Students will be able to differentiate between problem scoping and data
acquisition and their contributions to AI projects.
5. Students will be able to describe the importance of data exploration in
understanding data and model evaluation in ensuring model effectiveness.

Key-concepts:

1. Understanding project and project cycle

2. Understanding AI project cycle
3. Understanding Problem Scoping, Data Acquisition, Data Exploration, Modeling,
Evaluation, Deployment stages of AI project cycle
1.1 Recap
Before we start our lesson, let us recap what we have learned in the previous module.

Sustainability

 The word “Sustainability” comes from the word “Sustain”

 Do you know what “Sustain” means?

 It means to maintain, support, withstand or endure

 Thus, sustainability means, to maintain the world we live in

 The key idea is – we must act responsibly so that the

resources on our planet can support future generations
to come

Society and Sustainability

Society basically refers to people around us

 To be truly sustainable, we need everyone in our society

to follow sustainability

 Imagine if some segments of society are not sustainable

 Can we truly achieve full sustainability?

 No, that would not be possible

 Hence, we need to think of sustainability from a societal point of view

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

The SDGs are made up of 17 goals that have been agreed to by all countries that are part
of the United Nations (that’s most of the world!). Each of these goals have specific
targets.
These goals were established by the United Nations in 2015. Each of these goals has
several targets. Explore the website for more information:
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs
  The goals are divided into three
broad categories:

 Economy

 Society

 Biosphere

SDG Wedding Cake

 This concept states that to achieve a

sustainable world we must do the
following:

The economy must serve the society within the resources provided by our Earth
(Biosphere).

Systems Thinking

 A system is simply a group of interconnected things

 Systems behave differently from their individual components

 Systems are represented visually using Systems Map

 This simply means that its components interact and affect each other. This
feature of systems is known as interconnectedness.

 Example: Water Cycle, School, the Digestive System, food chains

This example of foxes & rabbits, shows

that increasing the number of rabbits
means that foxes have more food
available for hunting, which
consequently increases the number of
foxes as more food is available for them.
However, this would then lead to
decrease in number of rabbits as more
and more rabbits are hunted.
Basics of System Map

 We use systems maps to understand complex issues with multiple factors that
affect each other.
 In a system, every element is interconnected. In a systems map, we try to
represent that relationship using arrows.
 Within a system map, we will identify loops. These loops are important because
they represent a specific chain of causes and effects. A system typically has
several chains of causes and effects.
 You may notice that some arrows are longer than others. A longer arrow
represents a longer time for a change to happen. We also call this a time delay.
 To change the outcome of a system, as a change maker, we have two options -
change the elements in a system or change the relationships between elements.
It is usually more effective to change the relationship between elements in a
system.

System Map

Here’s an example of how your systems map could look like! Do you feel the relationship
between various components has been accurately represented?

 Coral Reefs

 Algae

 Pollution

 Water Temperature

 Storms

 Marine Life

1.2 Introduction to Project and Project Cycle

 What is a project?

 Have you worked on any projects in

your class?

 Can you list down different things that

you did to complete the project?
What is a Project?

 A Project is a series of tasks or a group

of activities that need to be completed
to reach a specific goal under given
constraints.

 These tasks or activities are usually

performed with limited resources
and time.

What is a Project Cycle?

 A Project cycle is a sequence of phases through which a project progresses.

 The number of phases and sequence of the cycle may vary depending on the
type of project.

1.3 Example: Coffee Production System

Let’s take an example of a coffee production system to learn what a project means.

Steps in Coffee Production

The major steps in coffee production are – Harvesting, Processing, Roasting and Packaging.

What is a Project Cycle?

Coffee production follows a well-defined project cycle:

Coffee seedlings are nurtured in fields for several years until the first harvest.
 1. Harvesting: Ripe coffee cherries are carefully picked by hand or machine.
2. Processing: Different methods remove the fruit surrounding the coffee
bean, impacting flavour.
3. Roasting: Beans are roasted to develop flavour and aroma before packaging for sale.
4. Packaging: Roasted coffee is then packaged in the form of coffee products.

This cycle ensures the quality and deliciousness of the coffee you enjoy!

Steps in coffee production

Can you list the 4 steps involved in coffee production?

1. H

2. P

3. R

4. P

Solution

1. Harvesting

2. Processing
 3. Roasting

4. Packaging

1.4 What is an AI Project Cycle?

 AI project cycle is the cyclical process followed to complete an AI project.

 AI project cycle takes us through different steps involved in a project.

 AI project cycle helps us:

 to create better AI projects easily

 to create AI projects faster

 to understand the process

Imaging applying our AI skills to explore and identify habitable planets, just like in Sci-fi
movies. How could AI assist in analyzing astronomical data, predicting planetary
conditions, or even simulating life-supporting ecosystems on distant worlds?

Let’s try to solve one extraterrestrial problem using AI Project Cycle. Imagine we want to
find an ‘Earth-like exoplanet’

Finding an Earth-like exoplanet

 An exoplanet is any planet beyond our

solar system.

 Our aim is to find an Earth-like planet

far away from Earth.

Some examples of Earth-like planets are Gliese

667Cc and Kepler-69c.

Let’s watch a quick video on exoplanets

 In this short video, you will learn more about exoplanets

 You will also see different kinds of exoplanets that have been found

YouTube video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IXYp9Fse44&feature=youtu.be

1.5 Stages of AI Project Cycle
AI project cycle contains 6 different stages. Let’s look at each stage one by one!

Stage 1, In the Problem Scoping stage we define a goal for this project.

In Stage 2, we have Data Acquisition in which you collect the data you think you will
need to train your model.
In Stage 3, we have Data Exploration, the main objective of this stage is to visualize data
in a form that is human readable/ human friendly (usually through Graphs/Plots)
In Stage 4, we have Modeling, the main objective of modeling is to implement algorithms
and fine-tune the model which gives you the best results.
In Stage 5, we have Evaluation, the main objective of this stage is to test and evaluate
the different models and choose the best model.
In Stage 6, we have Deployment, the main objective of this stage is to deploy your
solution based on the model you’ve selected.

1.5.1 Problem Scoping

In the Problem Scoping stage, we define a goal for the project. It is one of the most
important stages to kick-start the AI process.

Problem Data Evaluation

Scoping Exploration

Data Deployment
Modeling
Acquisition
The main objective of this stage is to define a goal for this project. It is one of the most
important stages to kick-start the AI process.

It’s like finding the goal post and positioning yourself to kick the ball into the goal post.

So, this is the most important step in the whole project cycle.

It includes:

 To figure out the problem that needs to be solved

 To understand the various aspects of the problem

 To develop a vision to solve a problem

We will explore problems scoping using the 4Ws method. Let us try to solve the
extraterrestrial problem (which we discussed earlier in this session) using AI Project Cycle.

4Ws Problem Canvas

WHO
Who is having the problem?

 Who are the stakeholders?

 Space Organizations

 Human Race

 What do you know about them?

 Various space organizations have set up telescopes on land and in

space to collect data
WHAT
What is the nature of the problem?

 What is the problem?

 Identifying an Earth like exoplanet with our existing resources

 Space travel has its limitations

 How do you know it is a problem?

 Research journals, documentaries, and news articles

WHERE
Where does the problem arise?

 What is the context/ situation in which the stakeholders experience the problem?

 Rise in sea levels, melting of polar ice caps and pollution of air, soil, and water.

WHY
Why do you believe it is a problem worth solving?

 What would be of key-value to the stakeholders?

 Find an Earth-like exoplanet as close to the solar system as possible

 How would it improve their situation?

 Finding an exoplanet will help in analyzing astronomical data, predicting

planetary conditions, or even simulating life-supporting ecosystems on
distant worlds

Activity
Purpose: To understand the 4Ws framework for problem scoping

Say: 4Ws framework will allow youth to ask ‘Who, What, Where, and Why’, enabling them to
scope a genuine problem.
Activity Guidelines:
 First, we must select a problem.

 In this activity we will consider the

problem of finding an Earth like exoplanet
using our existing resources.

 Then we fill the problem scoping

template for this problem.

Problem Statement Template

This is what a problem statement template looks like:

Our [stakeholders] Who

has a problem that [issue, problem, need] What

when / while [context, situation]. Where

An ideal solution would [benefit of solution for them] Why

It is used to frame the 4Ws into a paragraph to describe your problem, the stakeholders
involved and how solving the problem would benefit them.

Example:

Problem: Finding an exoplanet

Our Space Organizations, Human race Who

has a problem that Need to find an Earth like exoplanet What

when / while Utilizing our existing resources Where

An ideal solution Help in analyzing astronomical data, predicting planetary Why

would conditions, or even simulating life- supporting
ecosystems on distant worlds
Do it yourself:

Problem: Air pollution is a growing concern in our city, affecting the health of people and
the environment. Children, especially, face challenges like breathing issues and reduced
outdoor playtime due to poor air quality. Understand the problem using 4 Ws.

1.5.2 Data Acquisition

In Stage 2, we have Data Acquisition in which we collect the data we think we will need to
solve the problem using AI.

Problem Data
Evaluation
Scoping Exploration

Data Deployment
Modeling
Acquisition

For Data Acquisition:

o It is important that the data AI learns from is dependable and correct

o Data can be collected using different methods and depending on the
chosen method, the type, and way of presentation of data may also
differ

Various types of data

The data that we collect in the data acquisition stage can be of different types: Textual
data, Numeric data and Visual data (images and videos).
01 - Textual data 02- Numeric data 03- Visual data
Often presented in Often presented in Often comprises of
computer tables images and videos

Sources of data
In AI, data acquisition is the foundation for building effective models. The data can
be collected from primary and secondary sources.

Primary Sources: Fresh, original data collected specifically for your AI project.

Examples:
o Conducting surveys or questionnaires
o Running experiments and collecting sensor data
o Manually collecting and labeling data (e.g., image annotation)
o Using APIs to access data from internet-connected devices
Secondary Sources: Pre-existing data collected by other organizations or individuals. It's
readily available and often free or low-cost.
Examples:

These are some popular secondary data sources.

A list of government websites:

1. Indian Government Dataset

2. Australian Government Dataset

3. EU Open Data Portal

4. New Zealand’s Government Dataset

5. Singapore Government Dataset

Data Acquisition – Exoplanet Use case

 Data acquisition is the next step after the

problem scope is defined.

 This step is to gather data from space missions

(telescopes) and then analyze and generate more
data if needed.

1.5.3 Data Exploration

In Stage 3, we have Data Exploration, the main objective of this stage is to represent
data in a form that is human readable/ human friendly (usually through Graphs/Charts)
 Problem Data Evaluation
Scoping Exploration

Data Deploymen
Modeling t
Acquisition

To analyze data and present it in an easily understandable, visual form.

 It is easy to take decisions based on data that is presented in an

easily understandable form.
 Data can be presented in different forms which include:

Bar Graph Pie Chart

Do it yourself:

What are some alternative graphical techniques used for representing data?

Data Exploration – Exoplanet Use case

 For detecting an exoplanet, data is captured by telescopes during the

duration of transit happens.

 We can easily understand that the data collected during this duration is nothing
but time series.

 This data can be further explored using visualization tools.

  As shown in the image, scatterplots and graphs have been used to interpret the data.

Activity: Data Acquisition and Exploration!

Purpose: To practice data acquisition and data exploration

Say: Data acquisition and Exploration is all about collecting data, recording it and
visualizing it for better understanding.

In this activity, you'll dive into the exciting world of data collection, exploration, and
analysis. Data acquisition is the process of gathering raw data from various sources, while
exploration involves organizing, summarizing, and visualizing the data to uncover
insights. By the end of this activity, you’ll gain a better understanding of how data can be
used to tell a story and answer important questions.

We'll start by collecting data—this could be from a dataset, an online source, or even a
simple survey. Once the data is in hand, the next step is to explore it! This includes
cleaning, sorting, and analyzing the data to identify patterns and trends. You’ll also learn
how to visualize the data using charts and graphs, which will help to make complex
information
easier to understand.

Through this process, you'll develop key skills that are essential for data-driven decision-
making, whether you're working with numbers, text, or images.

Let’s get started and unlock the power of data!

Activity Guidelines

Part 1: Acquisition

 Collect the following data from every student in the class:

 Name, Height, Weight, Age, Residence, Favourite Hobby

 Create a table of the data with all the parameters given above as

columns Fill in the template given next

Activity Guidelines

Part 2: Exploration

 Now we have all the data we need to make a lot of inferences

 Now, let’s calculate BMI for each student

 Next, create a pie chart of the BMI using these categories;

 Under weight - Less than 18.5

 Normal - 18.5 to 24.9

 Pre-Obesity - 25 to 29.9

 Obesity - above 30

 Create bar graphs for one of these pairs of parameters:

  Student name vs BMI

 Student name vs Height

 Student name vs Age

 Create pie charts for one of these parameters

 BMI

 Hobby

 Residence

Activity Conclusion

 Now we can answer the following questions:

 Who is the tallest student in the class?

 Where does the shortest student in the class live?

 How many students come in the fit category according to their BMI?

 What is the most loved hobby of the class?

 This demonstrates that data exploration helps us derive meaningful

conclusions easily

Test Yourself:

Choose the correct answer!

What does data exploration mean?

Finding the solution of the AI Collecting data.

problem.

Finding useful trends in the Creating a website for the AI

data using charts and graphs. solution.

Ans: Finding useful trends in the data using charts and graphs

After acquiring and exploring data, we use it to create and train an AI model.
1.5.4 Modelling
In Stage 4, we have Modeling, the main objective of modeling is to create a model for AI
which can help us solve the identified problem.

 An AI model is needed for the functioning of AI.

 An AI model learns from the data collected in the Data Acquisition stage.

 We provide input to the AI, and it gives an output

based on the AI model we have chosen. The input
data is processed through the AI model, which
applies the learned patterns and algorithms to
generate
predictions or decisions. This output data is a direct
result of how well the model was trained on the given
dataset. The entire process demonstrates how AI
models transform raw input into actionable insights or
results.

Modeling– Exoplanet Use case

 In this problem, we need to detect the light curve in

the data to confirm whether it is transit or non-
transit for detecting an exoplanet.

 Several ML/DL algorithms can be used to do

the detection.

Types of Models:
Models help us understand and solve problems by showing how things work, like
weather predictions, making decisions, or creating designs. Below are the broad
classification of models
Rule-Based AI
Let’s watch a quick video to understand Rule-Based AI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLcZRDiQyNY

 The video shows two characters trying to reach a destination.

 The characters are introduced to the different colors that represent different directions.
 By following the hints from the colors shown to the characters, they can reach
their destination.
 This demonstrates that the characters learned which directions to take based on
some predefined rules.

Rule-Based AI Example
IF X happens THEN do Y
 Example 1: IF LUNCH BREAK happens THEN do EAT LUNCH
 Example 2: IF FLOOR DIRTY happens THEN do CLEANING
 Rule-based AI are NOT used at a lot of places now a days

Discussion
 What are some rules that you follow in school?
 Who made these rules?
 How do we do things for which there are no rules – how to wash our hands,
chew our food, shake hands with our friends, treat animals, etc.?
 How do we learn these things?

Based on different rules, we were able to take different decisions

Let’s look into the other type of learning

Instead of setting the rules like if this then that, we were able to figure out a rule that
solved our problem

How do humans take decisions?

 Let’s say we are making a cup of coffee

 And we are not sure about how much sugar to add
Learning-Based AI
In learning-based AI, there is no need for a human being to write a set ofrules or
instructions for it.

This type of AI learns from experience – past information or data.

From the data, it can figure out the set of rules on its own!

If you show 100 images of dogs and 100 images of cats to AI, it can learn to identify dogs
and cats based on the shape of their eyes, ears, nose, length of their tails,body
shape, etc

Discussion
1. Do you think creating machines that can learn independently is okay?
2. How will that affect our everyday life? Will it be beneficial or harmful
for our future?

1.5.5 Evaluation
In Stage 5, we have Evaluation, the main objective of this stage is to test different models and
choose the best model.
  We test our models to check their performance and improve our models for
best performance.

 The model is tested with collected data.

Evaluation – Exoplanet Use case

At this particular stage, we may need to evaluate the model to find out which
algorithm makes the best prediction.

1.5.6 Deployment
In Stage 6, we have Deployment, the main objective of this stage is to make our solution
ready to be used.

 In this stage, we make our solution available to users who can benefit from it.

 AI can be used on Mobile Apps, Website Apps, etc.

Mobile Application Website Application

How do you think that finding an Earth like exoplanet solution can be deployed?

Try Yourself

Choose the correct answer!

Q1. Does modeling mean creating an AI model?

Ans: Yes, in modeling, we select and train the appropriate AI model depending upon our
problem statement.

Q2. Can we use AI on mobile phones?

Ans: Yes, we can use AI on mobile phones as well!

AI Project Cycle Quiz (8 Questions)

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. The AI project cycle is a:

a) Linear process for developing AI projects.
b) Cyclical process guiding AI development from start to finish.
c) Random approach to building AI models.
d) One-time evaluation method for AI projects.

2. What is the primary goal of problem scoping in the AI project cycle?

a) To define the specific problem the AI will address.
b) To gather data for training the AI model.
c) To choose an AI algorithm for model building.
d) To evaluate the performance of the AI model.

3. The 4W Canva (Who, What, When, Where) is a helpful tool for:

a) Selecting data visualization techniques.
b) Defining clear objectives in problem scoping.
c) Evaluating the accuracy of the AI model.
 d) Implementing the chosen AI algorithm.

4. In the context of AI projects, data acquisition refers to:

a) The amount of data collected.
b) The format of the data (e.g., numbers, text).
c) How well the data relates to the problem being solved.
d) The source from which the data is collected.

5. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of data exploration in the AI project cycle?
a) Makes it difficult to identify patterns and trends in data.
b) Improves communication and understanding of data insights.
c) Simplifies the process of choosing an AI algorithm.
d) Reduces the time required for data exploration.

6. What is the main purpose of the modeling stage in the AI project cycle?
a) To refine the problem definition based on data analysis.
b) To build a computer program that can solve the identified problem.
c) To test the performance of the AI model in real-world situations.
d) To gather additional data if needed.

7. Which of the following statements about the AI project cycle is FALSE?

a) It helps ensure teams stay organized and focused on key tasks.
b) It promotes collaboration among different specialists working on the project.
c) It is a rigid, inflexible process that cannot be adapted to different situations.
d) It defines clear deliverables for each stage, guiding project progress.

8. Imagine you're building an AI system to predict flight delays. During data acquisition,
what type of data would be most relevant?
a) User reviews of airline companies.
b) Weather forecasts for different destinations.
c) Images of airplanes taking off and landing.
d) Historical data on flight delays and cancellations.

Answer the following:

1. What is the AI project cycle?

2. What are the different stages of the AI project cycle? What is the importance of
each stage?
 Session – 2
AI Ethics

Lesson Title: AI Ethics Approach: Discussion + Activity

Summary: Students will be introduced to the concept of ethics in day-to-day activities.
They
will gain awareness of the ethical concerns regarding Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Learning Objectives:
1. Gain awareness of ethical concerns about AI.
2. Critically think about the importance of AI Ethics.
Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the concept of Ethics in AI.
2. Describe the importance of integrating ethics into AI.
Key-concepts:
1. Students will be able to define ethics and explain its role in guiding human
behaviour.
2. Students will be able to analyse why ethical considerations are essential in
designing and applying AI systems.
3. Students will develop the ability to assess the importance of AI Ethics

1.13 Introduction:
Scenario:
Imagine a situation where you oversee burgers at a fast-food
restaurant. It is a busy day with a lot of orders coming in fast.
While cooking, you drop a burger on the dirty floor! Your boss
passes by and says, “Just pick it up and serve it!”

What would you do in this situation? Will you serve the fallen
burger or not?

Why would you do that?

What can be the result of your choice?

Let’s try to answer a few more questions!

Is it OK to lie? If so, under what circumstances?

If a family is hungry and has no other way to get food, is it OK to steal food from a rich store
owner? Why or why not?

Is what most people decide, always right, or can it be wrong?

Now that we have answered these questions, let’s try to define ‘Ethics’.

Ethics deals with the external rules of conduct of a particular group or culture of people. It is
the moral compass that guides us in daily life. These are the guiding principles to decide what
is good or bad and fair or unfair. These are values that a person chooses for their life.

Ethics attempt to answer questions like:

 What is the difference between good

and evil?
 Is good and evil the same for everyone?
 How do we make decisions that might
have an impact on others?
 Are we responsible for how our AI
solutions may be used by different
people?
1.14 AI Ethics
AI Ethics is a system of moral principles intended to
inform the responsible development and use of AI. It
acts as a guide on how your data will be collected and
managed, along with the ethical issues arising out of
its usage.

There are multiple advantages of AI, but these

technologies can also have a downside to it, creating
risks, inequalities and divides. Therefore, we need
policies and regulatory frameworks to ensure ethics in
AI which will benefit humanity as a whole.

Activity 1: Watch the video “AI Ethics: Why It Matters?”

Purpose: To introduce the concept of AI Ethics.

Say: “Let’s learn more about AI Ethics by exploring the video on AI Ethics: Why It Matters?”

Reference video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2MWrCdGG0Q

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

How has AI impacted our daily lives?

When does AI become a concern?

How can people and organizations be accountable for building responsible AI applications?
It is important to understand the ethical concerns it brings to ensure it benefits everyone fairly and
responsibly. Some of the ethical concerns are-

 AI Bias: AI systems can sometimes treat people unfairly if they are trained on biased
data, like preferring one group over another.
 Privacy Issues: AI might collect and use personal data without proper permission,
which can invade someone's privacy.
 Job Replacement: AI can do some jobs faster than humans, which might lead to
fewer job opportunities for people.
 Misinformation: AI can create fake news or images that look real, making it hard to
know what’s true or false.

1.15 Importance of AI Ethics

There are instances of AI technology that show racial, gender or socio-economic bias. Being
biased means to unfairly oppose or support someone or something. AI bias is when an AI
model gives biased results. An AI model can get biased if it learns from biased data.

Let us look at some of the examples:

1. Majorly, all the virtual assistants have a female voice. It is only now that some companies
have understood this bias and have started giving options for male voices but since the
virtual assistants came into practice, female voices are always preferred for them over any
other voice. Can you think of some reasons for this?

2. If you search on Google for salons, the first few searches are mostly for female salons.
This is based on the assumption that if a person is searching for a salon, in all probability it
would be a female. Do you think this is a bias? If yes, then is it a Negative bias or a
Positive one?

Various other biases are also found in various systems which are not thought up by the
machine but have been transferred from the developer intentionally or unintentionally. To
make AI better, we need to identify the factors responsible for it. So, integrating ethics into
AI will ensure-
  Human-centric
 Unbiased
 Data Protective
 Sustainable AI Solutions.

 Let's understand in detail:

Human-centric: Integrating ethics into AI prioritizes human well-being and values, designing
systems to serve human interests and needs while enhancing user experiences and societal
benefits.

Unbiased: Ethical AI aims to mitigate biases in algorithms and decision-making processes,

promoting fairness and equity by avoiding the perpetuation of biases based on race, gender,
or socioeconomic status.

Data Protective: Ethical AI prioritizes data privacy and security, ensuring responsible data
collection, storage, and usage practices to protect individuals' sensitive information and build
trust among users.

Sustainable AI Solutions: Ethical AI encourages the development of environmentally and

socially sustainable AI systems, balancing technological advancement with considerations
for energy efficiency, resource consumption, and social implications.

In conclusion, ethical integration in AI fosters trust, fairness, and accountability while ensuring
the development and deployment of AI technologies that serve human interests, avoid biases,
protect data, and promote sustainability.

BALLOON DEBATE: Session Preparation: Logistics: For a class of 40 students

[group activity – groups of 4]
Purpose: To introduce the concept of ethics (bias, access, privacy) in AI and its complexity.
Say: “We are going to debate about the boon and bane of various AI applications in the different
industries you researched about. This will be a 4 v 4 debate. As you know, each theme has been
given to two different teams. Now one team out of these two with be in affirmation with AI
applications in their theme while the other one will be against AI applications in the same
theme. The debate will go theme by theme where in each member of the team will get a minute
to speak. The first speaker of the affirmative team will start the debate after which the first
speaker of the rebuttal team will put their points. In this manner, each speaker will get a minute
to speak and finally one team will be chosen to be thrown out of the balloon debate depending
upon how convincing their points were. The speaker who speaks more than a minute will get his
team disqualified. You will get 15 minutes to prepare your points. And your time starts now!”
Activity Guidelines:
Step 1:
Organize the class into multiple teams, each consisting of four students.

Step 2:
Assign the same theme to two teams and give them 15 minutes to prepare.

Step 3:
Begin the debate between two teams, one in favour of AI and other against AI applications.

Reflect and Discuss:

 With the increase in AI applications leading to
replacing human workforce, do you consider it
ethical to incorporate the use of AI for various jobs?
 How do you think income would be shared if Ai is used
in place of Human Workforce?
 AI will probably bring with it many Health benefits.
How will these Health benefits be made accessible
and available to all the people in
society?
 AI is a powerful tool in various fields, however depending on how it is used, it can
either be a boon or a bane. Discuss.
 How can learning opportunities for AI be extended to all?
  How will human beings ensure that they stay ahead of Artificial Intelligence? Discuss this
with your peers and write your views:

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“The important thing to remember is the consequences of your actions while
applying AI”

Test Yourself:
1. What does ethics primarily deal with?

a) Internal beliefs and values

b) External rules of conduct
c) Personal preferences
d) Economic principles

2. What does ethics serve as in daily life?

a) Legal framework
b) Moral compass
 c) Social hierarchy
d) Religious doctrine

3. What questions does ethics address?

a) How to maximize profit

b) What is right or wrong
c) Which political party to support
d) How to gain power

4. What is one of the questions ethics attempts to answer regarding decision-making?

a) How to maximize profits

b) How to gain power
c) How decisions impact others
d) How to manipulate outcomes

5. What is the primary purpose of AI Ethics?

a) To maximize profits
b) To inform responsible development and use of AI
c) To create risks and inequalities
d) To avoid regulatory frameworks

6. Why do we need policies and regulatory frameworks for ethics in AI?

a) To maximize risks and inequalities

b) To benefit only a select few individuals
c) To ensure responsible development and use of AI
d) To avoid any benefits to humanity

7. What is one of the key features of integrating ethics into AI solutions?

a) Ignoring human concerns

b) Unintended consequences
c) Creating biases
d) Ensuring human-centric AI solutions

8. Why is it important to integrate ethics into AI?

a) To maximize profits
b) To create biased solutions
c) To ensure sustainable AI solutions
d) To avoid regulatory scrutiny
Reflection Time
1. What is the significance of ethics in shaping individual conduct and moral decision-making?
2. Why are policies and regulatory frameworks needed to ensure ethics in AI?

3. What are the parameters to ensure Ethical Integration in AI?

4. How does Ethical AI contribute to safeguarding individuals' sensitive information and

fostering trust among users?

5. What is the need for creating sustainable AI solutions?

 Unit – 2
Project 0: Presentation

Lesson Title: Project 0: Presentation Approach: Discussion + Activity

Summary: Students will summarize their previous learnings. They will then engage in a
dialogic conversation on AI and its use cases using the project template.
Learning Objectives:
1. Recapitulate the previous learning.
2. To use a project template to structure the module presentation.
3. To present a structured and informed conversation around AI and its use cases.
Learning Outcomes:
Students will be able to:
1. Summarize the topics learned previously.
2. Illustrate and map a given use case with the AI project cycle.
3. Identify the AI domain of a given use case.
Key-concepts:
1. Students will be able to define artificial intelligence
2. Students will identify and describe the key domains of AI
3. Students will explore and analyse real-world applications of AI across
various industries.
4. Students will understand the stages of the AI project cycle
5. Students will recognise the importance of ethical considerations in AI

2.1 Concepts at a glance

Let us Recap!

Purpose: To reflect on learnings from the previous modules and apply them to create your
project.

Say: “Before we start our lesson, let us recap what we have learned in the previous module.”
Artificial Intelligence and its applications
Human Intelligence vs Artificial Intelligence
Human Intelligence is our mental ability to make
decisions, solve problems, and learn new things.

Similarly, Artificial intelligence (AI) is a machine’s ability

to make decisions, solve problems, and learn (like a
human being).

Automation Vs Artificial Intelligence

Explain the difference between Automation and AI.

Automation Artificial Intelligence

Automation is a way to make machines AI is a way to make machines think on their
work on their own. own.

Automation makes physical work easy for AI makes mental work easy for humans –
humans – lifting, folding, moving, etc. predicting rainy weather, suggesting tasty
dishes, etc.
Examples: Washing Machine, Shirt folding Examples: Face unlock, Self-driving cars,
machine, Printer. Siri
and Alexa.

Interesting AI Applications:
AI is being used all around us.

 YouTube Video Suggestions

 Google Maps navigation
 Digital assistants – Alexa, Siri, Google Assistant, etc.
 Self-Driving Cars
 AI fitness apps
 AI in Music and Arts
Activity: Match the following
Match the everyday uses of AI with its correct name.

Three domains in AI
The main areas in Artificial Intelligence are:

Computer vision Natural Language Statistical Data

Processing
The ability of machines to see The ability of machines to The ability of machines to
the world. understand human understand numbers.
language.
Computer Vision
Computer Vision is a domain of AI that lets
machines see and understand images and videos,
the same way a human being does.

Natural Language Processing

Natural Language Processing or NLP enables
machines to understand language, as human beings do.
Computers and robots use NLP to process real-world
language, spoken or written, and make sense of it.

Statistical Data
Statistical Data enables machines to understand
large amounts of numerical data such as age, price
of
smartphones, temperature and humidity, etc.

Computers and robots use Statistical Data to analyze

numbers and come up with meaningful information. For
example – predicting hurricanes based on humidity,
temperature, rainfall, etc.

AI and the society

Sustainability
The word “Sustainability” comes from the word “Sustain”.

Do you know what “Sustain” means?

It means to maintain, support, withstand or endure.

Thus, sustainability means, maintaining the world we
live in.

The key idea is – we must act responsibly so that the resources

on our planet can support future generations to come.
Sustainability
We should save resources for future generations because,

 Our Earth has limited resources.

 The land, air, water and food we have is not unlimited.
 If we use all of it or pollute it, we may affect the ability of the
coming generations to use it. Hence, sustainability tries to
solve this problem.

Sustainability encourages everyone around us to use resources

in a responsible manner by sharing resources equally and not
being wasteful.

Society & Sustainability

Society basically refers to people around us.

To be truly sustainable, we need everyone in our society to

follow sustainability. Imagine if some segments of society are
not sustainable, can we truly achieve full sustainability?

No, that would not be possible. Hence, we need to think of

sustainability from a societal point of view.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

These are 17 goals established by the United Nations in 2015.

Each of these goals has several targets.

You can explore the given link to identify which of the goals or specific targets appeals the
most to you, https://sdgs.un.org/goals
 Systems Thinking
A system is simply a group of interconnected things.
Systems behave differently from their individual
components.

Systems are represented visually using a Systems Map.

This simply means that its components interact and
affect each other. This feature of systems is known as
interconnectedness.

Examples: Water Cycle, School, the Digestive System,

food chains, etc.

AI Project Cycle
AI project cycle is the cyclical process followed to complete an AI

project. AI project cycle takes us through different steps involved in a

project.

AI project cycle helps us:

 to create better AI projects easily.

 to create AI projects faster.
 to understand the process.

AI project cycle contains 6 different stages.

AI Ethics
AI Ethics is a system of moral principles intended to inform the responsible development and
use of AI.

Integrating ethics into AI will ensure

• Human-centric

• Unbiased

• Data Protective

• Sustainable AI Solutions.

Let’s Reflect:
1. What is Human Intelligence primarily concerned with?

a) Physical strength
b) Mental ability to make decisions, solve problems, and learn
c) Emotional intelligence
d) Social interactions

2. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI) defined as?

a) Human-like appearance
b) Machine's ability to mimic human emotions
c) Machine's ability to make decisions, solve problems, and learn
d) Machine's physical strength

3. What is the primary purpose of automation?

a) To make machines think on their own

b) To make machines work on their own
c) To create physical work for humans
d) To increase manual labour

4. What is the primary purpose of Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

a) To make machines work on their own

b) To make machines think on their own
c) To perform physical tasks
d) To replace human intelligence
5. Which domain of AI is focused on enabling machines to understand language?

a) Computer Vision
b) Natural Language Processing (NLP)
c) Statistical Data
d) Predicting hurricanes

6. What does Statistical Data enable machines to understand?

a) Images and videos

b) Numerical data such as age, price of smartphones, temperature, and humidity
c) Human language
d) Real-world objects

7. What is the primary purpose of Computer Vision?

a) To enable machines to understand language

b) To enable machines to see and understand images and videos
c) To analyse statistical data
d) To predict hurricanes based on weather patterns

8. What is the primary meaning of the word "Sustain"?

a) To destroy
b) To maintain, support, withstand, or endure
c) To consume rapidly
d) To pollute

9. What does sustainability aim to solve?

a) Rapid consumption of resources

b) Pollution of the environment
c) Limited resources for future generations
d) Unlimited resources for future generations

10. What is the AI Project Cycle?

a) A linear process
b) A cyclical process followed to complete an AI project
c) A random set of steps
d) A one-time activity
2.2 Dialogue on the AI Project Template
Activity: [Activity Template] Project Presentation Template

Purpose: To use a project template to structure the module presentation.

Say: “Fill project template for Dialogue on AI. After completing this activity, you will be able to
do a presentation on AI. Fill the given conversation templates one by one.”

This activity aims to construct a dialogic presentation using the project template. Follow the
instructions as given in the activity template.

Step 0 - Friends Forever!

Who is your Best Friend? Write their name. Draw a cartoon of you and your best friend together!

Step 1 – Defining Artificial Intelligence

Best Friend: “Hey! Can you tell me what is AI?”

Step 2 – Applications of Artificial Intelligence

Best Friend: “That is very interesting! I read that AI is used in YouTube video suggestions,
Google Maps navigation, and our digital assistants like Alexa! Have you also used AI
anywhere?”

Step 3 – Domains in Artificial Intelligence

Best Friend: “Artificial Intelligence is being used in so many places now! Can we classify
these AI uses in different domains? What are some examples of each of these domains?”

Step 4 – AI use case

Best Friend: “Wow! I wonder how I would use AI to help others! Do you have any ideas on
where can we use AI?”
Step 5 – AI use case – Domain

Best Friend: “I like this idea! But I am confused about which AI domain this belongs to. How do
we decide that?”

Step 6 – AI use case Project Cycle

Best Friend: “Now, if we were to create an AI solution on this exciting idea, we would have to
follow the AI project cycle. Do you know what the AI project cycle is and why do we need it?”

Step 6.1 – AI use case – Problem Scoping

Best friend: “I am excited to map this project with the AI project cycle! Let’s start with
identifying the problem we are going to solve using the 4Ws method – What, Who, Where,
Why.”
Step 6.2 – AI use case – Data Acquisition

Best Friend: “Now that we have identified the problem, we have to start thinking about the data
that we need. Where will we get this data from?”

Step 6.3 – AI use case – Data Exploration

Best Friend: “I can play around and explore this data a little bit. Can we represent this data
visually? What kind of information can we get from this data?”

Step 6.4 – AI use case – Modelling

Best Friend: “My favourite part is creating the AI model! For our AI model, what will be the input
data? What will we get as output?”
Step 6.5 – AI use case – Evaluation

Best Friend: “I am sure we will need to test our AI model. How do we do that? And how will
we improve our AI model, if needed?”

Step 6.6 – AI use case – Deployment

Best Friend: “After we have our AI model ready, we will need to give it to people who are facing the
problem. How can we do that? Let us also think how will it be used!”

Step 7 – AI Ethics

Best Friend: “So now that we have mapped our idea to the AI project cycle, we must also talk
about AI Ethics! Thought I am not sure what it is and its importance! Do you know?”
Step 7.1 – AI Ethics

Best Friend: “Ahh! I get it! Do you think there will be any ethical concerns with our idea? How
will we overcome these ethical challenges?

Now present your ‘Dialogue on AI’ with your Best Friend in front of your class.

GROUP PROJECT- 1
Create eight groups, each consisting of five to six students. Each group will select a theme
from the provided list. Subsequently, each group will generate a problem related to their
chosen theme. Afterwards, they will develop a Problem Statement Template utilizing the 4W
Problem Canvas to define the problem effectively. Additionally, they will explore how AI-
enabled systems can provide an effective solution while addressing the problem.

Themes:
a) Agriculture
b) Food Processing
c) Dairy Farming
d) Healthcare
e) Retail
f) Banking and Financial Services
g) Tourism/Hospitality
GROUP PROJECT - 2
Create several groups, ensuring each consists of at least 5 students. Each group can
choose a theme/field from the provided list, or the teacher can randomly assign a theme to
each group using dice. Within their selected field, each group should devise five effective
AI-based tools/solutions and provide a brief explanation of their functions.

Themes:
a) Agriculture
b) Food Processing
c) Dairy Farming
d) Healthcare
e) Retail
f) Banking