HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE
UNIT 7 1890-1945
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : MANIFEST DESTINY TO NEW IMPERIALISM
Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:
• The American identity was forged through westward expansion, revering
the self-sufficiency and rugged individualism of the pioneer. Turner
Describe Turner’s “Frontier Thesis”.
predicted that, without the “safety valve” of the frontier historically
For additional review, watch .
alleviating American population centers of certain pressures, cities would
become overcrowded and crime/poverty ridden as seen in Europe.
• Social Darwinism
• They wanted to expand the American economic reach to foreign markets
Which factors motivated • “White Man’s Burden”
and through increased access to raw materials. Racial and cultural
American imperialists? • Anglo-Saxonism
components, namely white superiority and American exceptionalism, were
For additional review, watch . • Josiah Strong
also significant factors.
• Alfred Thayer Maha
What criticisms did
• Imperialism denied a nation’s right to “self-determination”. It also ran • Monroe Doctrine
anti-imperialists make?
counter to the long-standing policy of relative isolationism. • Washington’s Farewell Address
For additional review, watch .
• Cubans were in a violent struggle for independence from the brutal • Yellow journalism
What were the primary causes oppression of Spanish rule. American newspapers caught the public’s • Jingoism
of the Spanish-American War? attention, leading to a clamoring for war by war hawks in Congress. • “Remember the Maine!”
For additional review, watch . Ultimately, the explosion of an American warship in Havana harbor • President McKinley
prompted the US to declare war.
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HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE
UNIT 7 1890-1945
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : MANIFEST DESTINY TO NEW IMPERIALISM (CONT’D.)
Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:
• Teller/Platt Amendments
• Cuban independence from Spain, though under de facto control of
What were the primary effects
American economic imperialism.
of the Spanish-American War?
• The US also acquired numerous island territories in the Caribbean and • Puerto Rico, Guam,
For additional review, watch . Philippines, Hawaii
Pacific. After the defeat of the Spanish, the United States did not grant
• Philippine-American War
Filipino independence, sparking continued conflict there. • Emilio Aguinaldo
• Insular Cases
• With footholds in the Pacific and Asia following victory over Spain, the • Sec. of State John Hay
What was the Open Door Policy?
US diplomatically established trading rights in China, overcoming the • Boxer Rebellion
For additional review, watch .
European spheres of influence that governed trade in previous decades.
• Having previously served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy and • Big Stick Diplomacy
Describe US foreign policy under volunteered for service in the Spanish-American War, Teddy Roosevelt • Roosevelt Corollary
President Theodore Roosevelt. engaged in an aggressive, interventionist foreign policy throughout Latin • Panama Canal
For additional review, watch . America. He justified this using the Monroe Doctrine.
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HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE
UNIT 7 1890-1945
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : PROGRESSIVE ERA For additional review, watch .
Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:
• The rising power of big business, uncertainties in the economy, increasingly • Panic of 1893
violent conflicts between labor and business interests, the influence of
What issues concerned Progressives? political machines, Jim Crow segregation in the South, and the rights of
women.
• Investigative journalists who attempted to expose corporate corruption, • Ida Tarbell
mistreatment of workers and to shed light on the problems ailing poor, • Upton Sinclair
Who were muckrakers?
urban, and predominantly immigrant communities. • Jacob A. Riis
• Secret ballot to limit the influence of political machines, and direct election • 17th Amendment
What political reforms did
of senators, initiative, referendum, and recall to hold elected officials
Progressives seek?
accountable.
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HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE
UNIT 7 1890-1945
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : PROGRESSIVE ERA (CONT’D.) For additional review, watch .
Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:
• Atlanta Compromise
• Washington argued that blacks should focus on improving education and • self-help
economic opportunity within the black community before demanding • accommodation
How did Booker T. Washington and
W.E.B. DuBois’s approaches to civil political equality.
rights differ. • DuBois argued the inverse, claiming political equality would allow blacks • Niagara Movement
to enjoy improved education and economic opportunities. • NAACP
• “Talented Ten Percent”
• Teddy Roosevelt - Square Deal, Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection
Act, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Forest Reserve Act
.
Who were the progressive
• William Taft - “Busted” twice as many trusts as Teddy Roosevelt and
presidents? What efforts and
continued conservationist policies.
legislation were accomplished
during each administration?
• Woodrow Wilson - Underwood Tariff, Federal Reserve Act, Clayton
Antitrust Act, 18th and 19th Amendments.
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HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE
UNIT 7 1890-1945
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : WORLD WAR I - WARFARE AND THE HOMEFRONT
Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:
What were the primary causes
• Unrestricted submarine warfare on the part of Germany and the • Lusitania
for US military involvement in
interception of the Zimmerman Telegram, in which Germany solicited • Sussex Pledge
World War I?
Mexico’s help in exchange for returning the Mexican Cession.
For additional review, watch .
• American Expeditionary
What effect did US entry • It tipped the balance of the conflict in favor of the Allies, especially
Forces
into the war have? considering Germany could focus on the Western Front after Soviet Russia
• General Pershing
For additional review, watch .
withdrew.
• Bolshevik Revolution
• Early 20th Century movement of around 1.5 million blacks out of the • Exodusters (continuity)
South. Escaping the oppression of poverty and racial discrimination
What was the Great Migration? during the Jim Crow era, they sought jobs in urban centers in the North,
For additional review, watch . Midwest, and West.
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HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE
UNIT 7 1890-1945
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : WORLD WAR I - WARFARE AND THE HOMEFRONT (CONT’D.) For additional review, watch .
Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:
• The government passed laws prohibiting Americans from obtaining • Espionage Act
information, recording pictures, or copying descriptions of any • Schenck v US
How did the government limit free
information relating to the national defense, and from making derisive or • Sedition Act
speech during World War I?
disloyal comments about the government and war effort.
• The Treaty of Versailles exacted severe punishment on Germany, as France
and Britain were intent on limiting the German military and economic
What was the Treaty of Versailles? expansion. Despite President Wilson’s leadership role in the negotiations • Fourteen Points
following World War I, the US did not ratify the treaty. • League of Nations
• The rise of anti-communist sentiment after World War I as a result of the • Palmer Raids
Russian Revolution and increased immigration from Eastern Europe. • J. Edgar Hoover
What was the First Red Scare?
This resulted in the arrest and mass deportation of over 6000 suspected
communists between 1919 and 1920.
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HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE
UNIT 7 1890-1945
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : THE 1920’S For additional review, watch .
Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:
• President Warren Harding’s campaign slogan in 1919. He called for a • “Roaring Twenties”
What was the “Return to
rollback of Progressive economic regulations in favor of returning to a
Normalcy”?
laissez-faire approach.
What led to increased productivity • The assembly line, which further deskilled, or specialized, the labor system • Henry Ford
in manufacturing? to increase efficiency.
• Women broke through into the professional world by taking nursing and
teaching jobs in cities, albeit earning less than men. Many women also • Flappers
How did women challenge
began openly drinking and smoking, cut their hair short and dressed in
traditional gender roles?
ways that didn’t fit the cultural standards for their sex.
• Quotas were placed on immigration from certain countries or regions, • National Origins Act
How did the government respond to especially Eastern and Southern Europe. This stemmed from nativist
increased immigration? sentiments and the continued fear of communist influence.
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HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE
UNIT 7 1890-1945
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : THE 1920’S (CONT’D.)
Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:
• F. Scott Fitzgerald
• “The Lost Generation” was understandably cynical and disillusioned in the • Ernest Hemingway
• Ezra Pound
post-WWI, which came through in their writing.
Describe literary developments
in the 1920s. • The Harlem Renaissance, also called the “New Negro Movement,” saw the • Louis Armstrong
For additional review, watch . blossoming of black intellectualism, art, and literature. The visibility of this • Duke Ellington
• Langston Hughes
movement reached a national level.
• Claude McKay
• Zora Neale Hurston
How did radio and motion
• The cross-regional sharing of information, music, and movies led to the • Nickelodeons
pictures affect society?
emergence of a mass, or popular, culture.
For additional review, watch .
• The Scopes trial reflected the broader clash between modernism and • Clarence Darrow
What was the Scopes religious fundamentalism. The newmedia descended upon rural Tennessee • William Jennings Bryan
“Monkey Trial?” as a science teacher was prosecuted for illegally teaching the theory of
For additional review, watch . evolution.
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HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE
UNIT 7 1890-1945
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : THE GREAT DEPRESSION
Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:
• Farmers hurt by overproduction and a decline in global trade, market • Black Tuesday
instability caused by credit, and the eventual stock market crash in 1929.
What caused the Great Depression?
Bank failures in the days immediately following the crash exacerbated the • Hoovervilles
For additional review, watch .
crisis.
• 3 R’s: Relief, Recovery, and
• President Franklin Roosevelt’s policy prescription for addressing the Reform
Great Depression. Numerous work programs, bank reforms and generally • Public Works Administration
What was the New Deal? • Tennessee Valley Authority
Keyensian economic policies were enacted to address all-time levels of
For additional review, watch . • Glass-Steagall Act
unemployment and poverty.
• FDIC
• Social Security Act
• Conservatives criticized the New Deal as an extreme overreach of • Herbert Hoover
federal power. The Supreme Court struck down the National Recovery • Schechter Poultry v US
What were the criticisms of
• “Sick Chicken case”
the New Deal? Administration.
• Some liberals criticized the New Deal for not going far enough to help the • Huey Long
For additional review, watch .
• Father Coughlin
poor and unemployed.
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HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE
UNIT 7 1890-1945
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : WORLD WAR II
Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:
• The US served as the “arsenal for democracy” as it also had prior to entry • Cash and Carry
What did US involvement look like
in World War I. Supplies, food, weapons and ammunition, ships, etc. were • Destroyers for Bases
before entry into World War II?
shipped to Great Britain and the Soviet Union to aid in their fight against • Lend-Lease Act
For additional review, watch .
the Axis Powers.
• The Japanese surprise attack on the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii
What caused the US to declare war? drew a swift declaration of war by the US. The majority of American
For additional review, watch . military action took place in the Pacific Theater for this reason.
• Due to heightened suspicion of espionage, combined with racist rhetoric, • Executive Order 9066
How were Japanese-Americans
Japanese-Americans were subjected to incarceration in internment camps. • Korematsu v US
treated during the war?
Homes and jobs were lost and some families were even seperated.
For additional review, watch .
• In Europe, the D-Day invasion led to an Allied push into Germany, where • Operation Overlord
What led to the end of
American and Soviet forces converged on Berlin.
World War II? • Iwo Jima
• In the Pacific, the success of the island hopping campaign and eventual
For additional review, watch and . • Hiroshima, Nagasak
dropping of two atomic bombs on Japan led to victory.
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