SPP PPP Pape neeeeeeP re P RPP anee se Mae 4 esEa Gh) Sa aan sececesesedcre wae ee SeeHSHEHE EHH SE os.» CONTENTS Trnjroduciton Po Usnod on Posts of] a Flower > Whonkt #1 - The Coby wo go 2 Whoo 42- Te Corcthoa > Wrost #3 - The Stoamen > Whosk #4 - The Conbds 4. Tybes of Po Uinosion 2 Sd polBnodtion - Aulegomy | restore Qoeny, ? Ger» pollfrokton - Xenogamy 5. Rogels of Politnodtion > Bote Agents - Zooblily 2 Abtolte Pgents ~ Anemophsly , Wgdino plily 6. Metheols to ensure nor polinodton F. Ankltiol hyloot drzolfon7 e yi © ¢ & ] SI AAAS AS BLe ss sa Sd CO Oe CCC CCC CECE Soevoesseseweesesee EHH S lnineduction AM btn, ergarss ms hone ont mogox geal fn wrmmen , whith %& fo pos along dhuin gnc njormolton te da rend oprorotion by crottag eepating . Flours, plants ouole seeds , whidh tarry dhe gande Tnjermodfon gq the poor % duutlep into a new blont Thar on two ativol Stage In du “de ayve ao Seowveng, plank :- DAL Jronedin of pollen bom Ardhan to Stymo. De d&pusol gf seeds awoy pom te Pont plant Plants oftn sol8St Hr of |) antmals or wal a:J 2 on oo 7 OW ewe ao abtolfe Jour Such o mane to auemplish both gq thse She Vost mojpsthy Jlemutra plonk specie on pollinolkd by Toeds5 fn jou st Seuss |thok Pouring planks and many mnogo. |qpoubs cj Tacs vo-cuoluad oyitrin. Animals| olen Shon Meus Lon also be Trboskont pollfradors: hols, brads epusolly humming binds), ond win oa Juv Mammols,POLLINATION a a So eeeeee Ce ee PowwinAION — Polienatfen de od ef hansjorstng pollin grins pen Ha male onttun ej o Sewn fo Hs mole Signa. Th grote] wey Katng erganiims tndluding plank fs 4 aa etrprtag, Jor He nud gavctt wos A plorks con preduu clrpring by mobfng seeds Atel Peliinckion ads te stholene whos poliinoiien % mudfokd wthouk Hu Tvolvuns ah othin rppntin Only l0rl 2} Jtemwing plonh con polifrokd without animal owfstance. The 37 eee c ces e dees eeeee weeoccce mast lommen orm eh abiole polttnaiten , Onemoplily, 7 poWirald by wind “This Jobe fo} pobnoifon & tonty dominant In grasa, mast rls, and mony dusduerr tras She pasusy ef pollfroen suquivs pol\fnotess eagention had tomy or mor the pollen gains pom He ondhin to Ba saab lee york oh He Wwokel ov PAI [stymo). THES % r 43 the supreduddfue poor of the plont! . a tha i i+ ea . “FARIS. OF A FLOWER “ly Me ef 3 | Tos on foun ube qa fom with SY | con an jotlowsr . Wheod <4 ~The Coby * It catyn, uahih fs Hr oukamost whew ef a cS a f Blown, protuk Ha Mort ushenks, abutoiy * dun Hu down ts th th bud stoke The a] o tolyn % made up eh sepalr whRh ore eee Pe |tuo troll quens shuckow of Ha Mowers P © bom tod Sook Wok Phe Any leaner Parts of a flower Ne | & Shook -9-Thr Coretta MMS eRE er cl the fouun te Me | 5 ° . . °£ ee tha tonctla,, which % Lembend ef the iceeae | pedals Ta petals Seve hoo punposus ‘te postal he tupreductye organs of fe Hour h | Je abkaad poltinotes. Buona oj fs Suend. | pusgere diay one unually bight, colewud | and sunkd so thal axtmols ond taeds wil] tore close te tam and move cround He | Pound pollin | che Se 7 Mind 2 fe 2 2 2 | catty oash Se attian Filament Wheat -3 = The Stomins The Hind whoo of 0 ean ts te _ the mole oupasdudtve pook: The Stoman fs | made a Leng slender jilomint ond Bi- Webed anthes. The antha produce polkin, whith| f tre mole Lenkotbulten te the mebreductten Cow eeeeesesevecevess eee | oe‘Ovary Female gamete w (Eee) Carpel ede prcum %n plans YW Lonststs 9) mfcresperong: | mY fam whith may be monothusous & atthe | | Whoa -4-Th loxpeld De He tanker of Me ower fe i Jews wherl-| Mh Lorbels, wiki tenkofn Hee PEALE eq the Jlows| Tha pie % He Plank Jemole subredustive Jorgon wkiuh % wmbema a} dis port: Oveoy’ Condens dhe eggs or ovules of Yar plonk. | loko Bie: ouulinkois, So WUca At PYONg Uren gris & fSh 4s house dhe seed Shyle Tha feb af Ha ouony leads te a wolf Shuthoe taht Ssubboo Ha skgma BMgmas W tokdus got tf polin thot Ha wind A poltinater dbuse and Ha pollen | Gains howd devon tu style te Hs ovary$ ‘ Des Or FoLUSNUASION \ aw Nokes CO eer eerecdvedducs @ |e pobnatton o} a lower by pollen jhom aha ome own lautogamy) eo fom anothy Yowwr on Hr Sama plank (gettensgonss) comple ar ec |Avrtecany 1k te 0 type 0} sd Foltnotfen % Whit on Intraenicl A poyuk foun & pollfrokd by ts own polun Audegamy ours by hoe mulheds Chosmogemens = The onthus and Sqgmos chasmagameus oh opin Siow om brought Joguren by Goutrs binding Sebsing, Ex Pear beans totes Dom eennaeenne Cee eeeevevessees egomy: In defstagamy Rowe ke | antin dertae Fratde Goud plowrs. Coooth | a) style Bxtnge Ha pollin grea fH tordadk | | Btn sitgmo. PolRroston ond Sud Sek One | | omsurid. PoUinoter, on not seauinud Ex + Onolis, ViolaPlonegamss We a type of polmnalion en wuhEdh pollen gains gore foun anc arsfoud to the Sigma e anol low bdenging te ettho JL Same plant o guubvally. Similan Plont. | In Q@lenogamy Jlowus ein show Ga | . . ~ ~ . ° ~ . . 7 . . . ° tlk mofrdotna dha poontal chonackns 6 petty | J tke nate tadiinthdy | a The plant dour not nud te produu loge | number ef pollen gratns 3 Flour do not devdop dukus Jor ee treat pollinators |4.803 Polnoson cimenates som bod muir hora ters.Cee cree deci dddivdssdes ee Dis bdvanhages J Say Peliination | Nas weal chanador ore trhoduad | B-Vigon ond Vitelthy of te rou duntoser | | with paotenged 8d4- polltnatien | UW Vostabttihy ond hence, adaptabtttly to dhangid envinenmint one mduied Cross Pourinationy |Qress pobmratton f& Ya horsja ef pollen gpoins from Ha Orth of ent flowin to the SHgmo a O ginaltiatly Ajound prom. We ts olso Lollud Kenogamy. The Ham Kerogonny, muons Xeon- Stroage , Grames- Montage . Gwe pollfrokon fs pejoamed with Ho hp of an eret oy 3. mmurthy 4 diseancs durancs= - -=- -TeeerTensgeeeeeeegegegg gg £66 6 f } 119 J Gen pollirakfon fntrodurs gine nuombi- -nodtonms and Lince ty Ye bowery: JJ Yeddh rawr folls bdow an owrage minfmum 3] Nw and more UY woskdts Lon be produud trough rer pol\inodten Be mokes He ergantema br Jed kr Biuagi: Jor adstence Ye f \ es dak ood Disadvontoos el) res Rnackio Jk fs les eronomfuol a0 jaures e) Unante £s always Rnvolued. 3 Some undestroble Uhonacins mo cep Pn Ue nove Je voy geod choads gy the row ove Vek dy te be Spofled. 12‘Acer OF PowNAlti ond thus da skgma by endured ane tmmottle n Dngfospoms , poten hawe Je be woorted + polltraking agents Pollination Agent One neler |... Depending upon thats nature tne agents rray be Ls, Sno Wind rm Bird 2 : Agus : Wind Insect BioTiC AGENTS tus (etn organs thak Mike On a pow th pedinodion one Lineuon on th biotic aged | Clow where poltioston tales plore by the Mnkjotnce of treed, binds, and olen Laing ergontems ont mostly wlowjul beaakul, and bso hove suit Smalls Thue pospattr otbnad frauds and binds Which jaatin oct on aginds a‘Anemophily (Water polination) ——————_—_"—-”~————~=— | | eh pollinofen 1 polifoators Tie AC Abfotte agus om tr non LBetng Jarier tad ey pollen Juom ene fhetp fm dhe hansport 3 ord woo another tudh 0 Lin ds da plant 49 gous th onogy % nudar te atsod plant te thes pen pollen trekad qj grow ond polnosors . Pollination by wind % mere ba biol polRnadion Abtole opin on mode ube) hwo typeat tuemmon > Bnemoplily [Polrinodien by wind [o&) ' , , , , , , » » » » . . ’ > 2 2 9 |hes type a polfnodten mesity oc fa . > > . . * * * * > plows trot ore vot wht colored P “Such types of plants hawe petals thok ne BIKA Ula ond green, 08 dau ooudt thre ok alt. Typicobty, tn dhe plants, ee mote ryeee ee eee eese ree esceceeoere Jlows ox mere fm wumbu than He Jmol pris Te anthun on such plank an adaptable, abousng, Yam Fe mou puby to He wind: Potiin qotrs hove a Smooth Usall on Ugh, ny and dry, comatag, Harn Je Pe easily, blown omoy PY de wind. © Eromblea - Moire, lohvod Bamboo Phydsoplily (Pelviralten by wade) thts type ef politrodion suas oder %2 OY polltn, Somukimus . tn Hua form of remplete onthos, Suck a type 9 Polifradton Jokes ploce Fh tempi Unduwokr oon He wodo’s suxace! rubping hansnst pollen grata whih wa Wipers wots 4 notin plont and | ty UnBled 40 obo 30 gurna, mostly, g monocebyledons + Hypohadrephily ¢ Planks whith ore polliroded ||Braide the Woden. Example :- Zostra, Nofos, ke * Epit ydrch ely * - Plank whith ow poUrroded oukide Ye woken. Examble += Vabifoninto, (Ribbon Weed)" 6 s —————— sonia Remar =o “ if oe . Wy => i. |° — ve ny Fa = a laa 3 a a =a ss E 5 (METHODS To ENSURE POLLINATION CROSS althy Wako plank oe untsemuol and grow en uosteus plants Sede one not sob becouse Flowurs in JunuRonad pollin qpofns are not passent Both male and dunole gamde ore uoble, hewn seats cnx not rooted whin sud duc to spud ebpartng Gamunts yuk thy tan Sue Seeds whan poltinal b. Mechante uchs eserTape one arteis plank in whith polltn gofrs from dhe game flouur do not ara ta Stqymo.tm Tansy) Feces la Weed cueing He Syne wae oO mubariial bosreer 5 In BiSemmol flowers, dhe Stamins and pesktls Auutep ot sebrote rok Dehisce and Rutare eh polun qraims and Sigma ruupiAgiy as not | syroontred, a | |HYBRIDISATION [TH sewtutuieiy of potlin and Samo tS otRod Jo Be suurmjw pollfraitton ond Men Jomiaston J plants Once Lembatble pe BH auupled vy die PUR, ML Prous f Solis ARWFIGDRL | oon, —] Joo [ian begga strvompattele pollen wt be ewfutect @ | Long -tom polltrosten -pibstl tabnadton , an wall Jos cuentas suttored by pollen, on Sudpenstlele ta [Jor Kes Takeradion th whih o PEM te wopable Je mumgetitng one Ue pollen ‘ W % Grtiteot te understand an pollen - pC Artificial hybridisation 7@ [friradifon dusting dhe hybotdtroiten pron -\K's p b 7. = (aus da Snnovedtue muted» wad tr the enteatinas Production Improvemant Pacgam's rsp paedudtion Fmbsovemund efjesis. lt % onbyy ig Jane Gestaud pollin grata that one troduced Tae [te the altgma duntag antfctor hybatetiokten | | ° 8as ehhesed te alt ofk be atken gradns as caste te avotiing unwankd palin ageton while also saving ime Ihak howe dhe choad 4 & abso porible 48 De Uosss hot gure plan’s on datod ETHODS OF ARTIFICAL é HYBRIDISATION ' one wratss 0 Tha prow gb . ard Bocairg mikeds te. 2ts Ya prow q sumouing ordhin nro ibs vstng forups fs dh preurs of prsiecking, tmosus) lakd Senin rom being cordamirokd by urwarkd pallin grains Dept Ha fork thet the flour fs endiend tr 0 bag te bloom sudates Th maebRothy Whin TH venus te und2 eee 2 © ee ee ee Jlouns, bagging, f6 done beerc Ma blooms oben: The Jechrtque ch umorutlotkten of | bagging, erouncs thak a jemole bloom % totalhy prokdd from Lentaminalten dutag Ha qouing ported: One Ya Paws hos owodad He Stage of Sttgmo| Deeps ths pollin gf choke t dustd onto the sitgma, In wrder te ensure thok Ha wrt type potin f honsjrud to tu sigma a ix slouer, oodk|etal hylostdkfiodten fs urd fo Wr{undien w nodurol hyo Sdeokiten.Fusttuamone, thu &s a high Lkethood gq) jutisokfen. This Abb Ah alkews Jor dr deustepmint oe O Wide range ah rep SHatns util lao wmboousng, Hur quoley el obs tok how desinoble uhoodusstta . Ps abso Leask - Qyustue. 20®€®eeosoeesvuvsveveeveeseeeeeweeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeees* PorLINATION IN SUNFLOWER Sunplowsa fs an tolerance collad capttatum ot had! fa which Small, serstle. flown called florets are bore on a flaered reeptore thr cerdipetal non Rrfferereence * surrounded by ont o mes af broads cold Tavolanre In Sunflower, ta corto Jeorels aoa besermnol and tubulon Lollud dfsc Jioeks are gulok calld roy Jiords. Rosy Floouts The orc powrerd en te posphoy and hove batehtty colewwd Sisop shobed poros. Stoamen co abenk ond ovo oe utthod outer. Ik aks 02 organ of tftnadion Jor treedsDise jens The one prusint fo dhe Unirol sugfon ef dr Rngorrs cone. Thr Loretto, consists a ve urd pools Joumudt a tube Stomins Of Jove ust fased anthus ond free (laments This wnd?ifon % Stamens ¢3 coli Syngenesfous The ovory consists of two Sud Loxbels vontoknteg only ont ovule. The Style 2g Leng with wo gitgnor Thi nectory Bey ok the bore af ne Sryle : 22PorunaTion MecuanisM | Surhtover 3s protandrow te. thi stamens okey | before The St¥gmos in Tae yours, desc Jhoreds, dre anthins spltt abong doy trea éfolus, go that Ake pollen groin ore shid Unto dhe tbe gored by dhe Sofned anthus pls Young, d8sc flores, th sherk siyle below Me poltin tube and du anebltue surfaus o\ the wo Stymor ore housed tequthun, 30 thot pollen grates e) Huw same Jom, onnet rxL0vh dum. bin older disc Sorts, Yu Style ongotes, pesky Yu pollen grote out of Hr anthr tbe. And Yu stfgmor open ouk te enbere the Sitgmorte (oncebsve) aujore. By dhe Hime, tre Unirod young errs hove searched Yu stoge ue ma” Ws olen ghotns ong sally a dBc floncts loka onws) hove alread 23jot thet skmas above dhe slonuns and Wu sttomottc Surfs Ore endposed . Whe honey bee, WON Qurwrolly, LOLAY polErortion Wry Sun}roun kensh Sektles Mr dhe Centre o\ dhe bead (roapttatam’, |b rcccuu pollens: ok O4Or Ras keg Ond Und suxface ay Th usrolkr ouluronds - When She bee nearhis dhe old Jrourears Abt pollen Boks folotoinraf Jom Jroumr heads) from ths body one shruad on dhe amposidh Stigmodte rcuplive Sunfour and Horss- polfrakton 2% ofekd \} srs- polsnokton Jas, the a\Pamos urns rend to ptde Wo thai own pollen gratis ono thw, Suure sb}- poltnotion . 24ee aa ss. __”~—<—”t—t CONCLUSION Sunflower har Joltowkng adap Ate Jeoduoes ‘= Adob tens jer Mey pelt2notien by (nseks }Ray errs hove Lelowred putals to aborad frouks Suh on bur tt) Weckoodes ore brusent of dhe bose ef dhe ovory te obra Hu pollfnrodess Ri) Paotandsrou, ondtten of Har foun pret 804 - pollfnod en. W) The Style thongodes and tu stigmocklc surface fs exbesed only &r alder Jowrs- Adaplotton. Jer Su) -PoUsrodten \} Gow pelinotion Jofls, tnt SARgmovy wank nound © bth Yur own pollen grok to WsrAC boUFrod on, Pa) rr TT TO OT Tee Wikipedia © Concise Bi BIBLIOGRAPHY jology Textbook