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Inverse Trigonometric Functions

56.67 𝑚

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 Table of contents

Session 01 𝟎𝟑
Inverse Functions 04
Condition for Existence of Inverse 05
Domain, Range & Graph of ITF 07
Property 1 : 𝑇 !" −𝑥 22

Session 02 𝟑𝟏

Properties of Inverse functions 32

Session 03 6𝟗
Telescopic Series 70

Multiple Angle formulaes 86

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 Session 1
Introduction to Inverse Trigonometry
Functions and their Domain & Range

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 Inverse Functions:

If 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is a one – one and onto function, then 𝑔: 𝐵 → 𝐴 or 𝑓 %& : 𝐵 → 𝐴 will

be its inverse.

(𝑓 %& 𝑜 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑓 %& (𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥

Domain of 𝑓 = Range of 𝑔

Range of 𝑓 = Domain of 𝑔

Both 𝑓 and 𝑔 will be inverse of each other.

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 Condition for existence of Inverse:

The function should be one – one and onto (Bijective).

Example:

𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 ∶ 𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 is not a Bijection for its entire domain. So, the domain
has to be modified to make it a Bijective function.
' '
𝑓: − ( , ( → −1,1 ; 𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝑥

−2𝜋 %# −𝜋 −
# 0 # 𝜋 %# 2𝜋 &# 3𝜋
− $ $
$ $ $

−1

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 Condition for existence of Inverse:

Inverse of sine function = sin%& = arcsine

For sin 𝑥:
' '
𝑓: − , → −1,1
( (

For sin%& 𝑥 :
' '
𝑓 %& : −1,1 → − ,
( (

Note: sin%& 𝑥 is the measure of the angle in radians whose sine is 𝑥

%& &
while sin 𝑥 = /01 2

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 Domain, Range and Graph of sin%& 𝑥:
#
$ 𝑦 = sin!" 𝑥 𝑦=𝑥
For 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥:
' '
Restricted Domain: − ( , ( 1
𝑦 = sin 𝑥

Range: [−1,1]
−
# −1 1 #
$ $

−1
%&
For 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥:
Domain: [−1,1] #
−
$
' '
Range: − ( , (

It can be observed that the graph of sin%& 𝑥 is a mirror image of

sin 𝑥 through the line 𝑦 = 𝑥.

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 Domain, Range and Graph of sin%& 𝑥:
#

%&
$ 𝑦 = sin!" 𝑥
For 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥:
Domain: [−1,1]
' '
Range: − ( , ( −1 1

#
−
$

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 #
Find the domain of 𝑓 𝑥 = sin!" 2𝑥 + '
𝑌
$
(

Solution: IIT JEE 2003

' &
sin%& 2𝑥 + 7 ≥ 0 As we know, −6
' ' '
⇒ sin%& 2𝑥 ≥ − − ≤ sin%& 2𝑥 ≤ 𝑋
7 ( ( −1 & 1
(

' ' ' '

− − −(
( 7 (

' '
So, finally: − 7 ≤ sin%& 2𝑥 ≤ (

' ' & & &

⇒ sin − ≤ 2𝑥 ≤ sin ⇒ − ( ≤ 2𝑥 ≤ 1 ⇒ −6 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ (
7 (

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 % &'
The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin!"
%8&"
is (−∞,−a]∪[a,∞). Then a is equal to :
Solution: JEE Main 2020
2 9:
−1 ≤ 2 # 9 & ≤ 1

⇒ −𝑥 ( − 1 ≤ 𝑥 + 5 ≤ 𝑥 ( + 1
Case-I: −𝑥 ( − 1 ≤ 𝑥 + 5
This inequality is always right ∀ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
Case-II: 𝑥 + 5 ≤ 𝑥 ( + 1
0 ≤ |𝑥|( − |𝑥| − 4

&9 &; &% &;

⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑥 − ≥0
( (

&9 &; &% &;

⇒ 𝑥 ≥ (
∵ 𝑥 ≤ (
is not possible

%&% &; &9 &;

∴ 𝑥 ∈ −∞, (
∪ (
,∞ ,

&9 &;
Hence, 𝑎 = (
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 % &'
The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin!"
%8&"
is (−∞,−a]∪[a,∞). Then a is equal to :
JEE Main 2020

&;%&
A
(

&;
B
(

&9 &;
C
(

&;
D +1
(

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 Domain, Range & Graph of ITF
𝑌
𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥
cos %& 𝑥
Restricted Domain: 0, 𝜋
Range:[−1,1]

𝑋
𝑓(𝑥) = cos %&
𝑥 0
cos 𝑥
Domain: [−1,1]
Range: 0 , 𝜋

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 ()*<= %8!%&"
If the domain of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = is the interval 𝛼, 𝛽 ,
8><=
*+,<= 8

then 𝛼 + 𝛽 is equal to :
JEE Main 2021
Solution:

?@/$% 2 # %29&
𝑓 𝑥 = And 0 ≤ 𝑥 ( − 𝑥 + 1 ≤ 1
#&$%
/01$%
#
𝑥( − 𝑥 + 1 ≥ 0 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
(2%&
0< ≤1
(
𝑥( − 𝑥 + 1 ≤ 1
⇒ 0 < 2𝑥 − 1 ≤ 2 ⇒ 𝑥( − 𝑥 ≤ 0
⇒ 0 + 1 < 2𝑥 ≤ 2 + 1
⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 − 1) ≤ 0 From (𝑖) and 𝑖𝑖 ,
& A
⇒(<𝑥≤(
+ − + &
Domain of 𝑓 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ (
, 1 = 𝛼, 𝛽
& A
⇒𝑥∈ , … (𝑖) 0 1 & A
( ( ⇒𝛼+𝛽 = +1=
( (
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [0, 1] … (𝑖𝑖)
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 ()*<= %8!%&"
If the domain of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = is the interval 𝛼, 𝛽 ,
8><=
*+,<= 8

then 𝛼 + 𝛽 is equal to :
JEE Main 2021

A 1

A
B (

&
C
(

D 2

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 Domain, Range & Graph of ITF

𝑌 𝑦=𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = tan 𝑥 𝜋 tan 𝑥

' '
Restricted Domain: −(,(
'
(
Range: ℝ tan%& 𝑥

' ' 𝑋
−𝜋 −( 0 𝜋
(

𝑓(𝑥) = tan%& 𝑥 '

−(
Domain: ℝ
−𝜋
' '
Range: − ( , (

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 Domain, Range & Graph of ITF

𝑓(𝑥) = cot 𝑥 𝑌 𝑦=𝑥

Restricted Domain: 0, 𝜋 cot %& 𝑥 𝜋

Range: ℝ
'
(

𝑓(𝑥) = cot %& 𝑥 𝑋

−𝜋 ' 0 ' 𝜋
− (
(
Domain: ℝ '
−
(
Range: 0, 𝜋 cot 𝑥
−𝜋

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 Domain, Range & Graph of ITF

𝑌 𝑦=𝑥
𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) = sec 𝑥
sec %& 𝑥
'
Restricted Domain: 0 , 𝜋 − (
'
(
Range: −∞, −1 ∪ 1, ∞
1

' ' 𝑋
−𝜋 −( −1 0 1 𝜋
(
−1
𝑓(𝑥) = sec %& 𝑥 '
−
(
Domain: −∞ , −1 ∪ [1 , ∞) sec 𝑥
'
Range: 0 , 𝜋 − ( −𝜋

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 Domain, Range & Graph of ITF
𝑌 𝑦=𝑥
𝜋 cosec 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = cosec 𝑥
' ' '
Restricted Domain: − ( , ( − 0
(
Range: −∞, −1 ∪ 1 , ∞ 1
' cosec %& 𝑥
−𝜋 − −1
(
' 𝑋
𝑂 1 𝜋
(
%& −1
𝑓(𝑥) = cosec 𝑥 '
−
(
Domain: −∞ , −1 ∪ [1 , ∞)
' '
Range: − , − 0
( ( −𝜋

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 Note :

q Functions : sin%& 𝑥 , tan%& 𝑥 , sec %& 𝑥 are increasing in their domain ,

While cos %& 𝑥 , cot %& 𝑥 , cosec %& 𝑥 are decreasing in their domain

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 All 𝑥 satisfying the inequality cot !"𝑥 - − 7(cot !"𝑥) + 10 > 0,
lie in the interval :
JEE Main 2019
Solution: cot %& 𝑥 (
− 7(cot %& 𝑥) + 10 > 0

⇒ cot %& 𝑥 − 2 cot %& 𝑥 − 5 > 0

⇒ cot %& 𝑥 ∈ −∞, 2 ∪ 5, ∞ … 1

We know, that:

⇒ cot %& 𝑥 ∈ 0, 𝜋 … 2

From 1 and 2 ,

0 < cot %& 𝑥 < 2

As cot %& 𝑥 is a decreasing function,

⇒ 𝑥 ∈ cot 2 , ∞
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 All 𝑥 satisfying the inequality cot !"𝑥 - − 7(cot !"𝑥) + 10 > 0,
lie in the interval :
JEE Main 2019

A cot 5 , cot 4

B cot 2 , ∞

C −∞, cot 5) ∪ (cot 4 , cot 2

D −∞, cot 5) ∪ (cot 4 , ∞

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 Properties of Inverse Functions:

Property 1:

sin%& −𝑥 = − sin%& 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ≤ 1

cos %& −𝑥 = 𝜋 − cos %& 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ≤ 1

tan%& −𝑥 = − tan%& 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

Proof:
' '
sin%& −𝑥 = 𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 ∈ − ,
( (

⇒ −𝑥 = sin 𝜃 ⇒ 𝑥 = − sin 𝜃
' '
⇒ 𝑥 = sin −𝜃 ⇒ sin%& 𝑥 = −𝜃 ; ( ≥ 𝜃 ≥ − (

⇒ sin%& 𝑥 = − sin%& −𝑥
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 Properties of Inverse Functions:

Property 1:

sin%& −𝑥 = − sin%& 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ≤ 1

tan%& −𝑥 = − tan%& 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ∈ ℝ Odd

cosec %& −𝑥 = − cosec %& 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ≥ 1

cos %& −𝑥 = 𝜋 − cos %& 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ≤ 1

cot %& −𝑥 = 𝜋 − cot %& 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ∈ ℝ Neither Even Nor Odd

sec %& −𝑥 = 𝜋 − sec %& 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ≥ 1

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 ' A
Solve: 𝑖) 2 cot %& − 3 𝑖𝑖) sin − sin%& −
( (

Solution:

𝑖) 2 cot %& − 3 = 2 𝜋 − cot %& 3

' :'
=2 𝜋− =
7 A

' A ' A
𝑖𝑖) sin (
− sin%& − (
= sin (
+ sin%& (

' '
= sin +
( A

' &
= cos =
A (

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 Property 2:

Functions of the form 𝑓 𝑓 %& 𝑥

sin sin%& 𝑥 = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ −1, 1

Proof:
' '
Let 𝜃 = sin%& 𝑥 𝜃 ∈ − ( , ( and 𝑥 ∈ −1, 1

⇒ 𝑥 = sin 𝜃

⇒ 𝑥 = sin sin%& 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ −1, 1

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 Property 2:

sin sin%& 𝑥 = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ −1, 1

cos cos %& 𝑥 = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ −1, 1

tan tan%& 𝑥 = 𝑥 ;∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ

cot cot %& 𝑥 = 𝑥 ;∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ

cosec cosec %& 𝑥 =𝑥; 𝑥 ≥1

sec sec %& 𝑥 =𝑥; 𝑥 ≥1

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 Property 2: Graph:

𝑌 sin sin%& 𝑥 = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ −1, 1

2 cos cos %& 𝑥 = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ −1, 1

𝑋
−2 −1 𝑂 1 2

−1

−2

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 Property 2: Graph:

𝑌 tan tan%& 𝑥 = 𝑥 ;∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ

2 cot cot %& 𝑥 = 𝑥 ;∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ

𝑋
−2 −1 𝑂 1 2

−1

−2

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 Property 2: Graph:

𝑌 cosec cosec %& 𝑥 =𝑥; 𝑥 ≥1

2 sec sec %& 𝑥 =𝑥; 𝑥 ≥1

𝑋
−2 −1 𝑂 1 2

−1

−2

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 ' '
𝑦 = 𝑛𝜋 + −1 B 𝑥 ; 𝑛 ∈ ℤ 𝑦 ∈ − ( , (
𝑌 -
.
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
= = 2𝜋 =
𝑥

− − 3𝜋
+

𝑥
𝜋 − 𝑥
2𝜋

=
− 𝑥 = −

𝑦
𝑥 𝑥
=

𝑦
𝑦

𝑋
0- −2𝜋 −𝜋 - - /- 2𝜋 1-
− .
/-
− . −. 𝜋 0- 3𝜋
. . . .

-
−
.

𝑛 Relation Range of 𝑥
A periodic function
' '
𝑛=0 𝑦=𝑥 𝑥 ∈ −(,( with period 2𝜋

' A'
𝑛=1 𝑦 =𝜋−𝑥 𝑥∈ ,
( (
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 Session 2
Properties of Inverse functions

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 Properties of Inverse Function
𝑦 = cos %& cos 𝑥 :
Consider 𝑦 = cos %& cos 𝑥 ⇒ cos 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑦 = 2𝑛𝜋 ± 𝑥 ; 𝑛 ∈ ℤ 𝑦 ∈ 0, 𝜋
𝑌
𝜋

𝑦
𝑦
= = 2𝜋
2𝜋 −
𝑥
-
−

𝑥
𝑥
+

𝑥 −

=
. =
2𝜋

𝑥 𝑦

𝑦
=
𝑦

- -
𝑋
−2𝜋 /-
− . −𝜋 −. 𝜋 /- 2𝜋 0- 3𝜋
. . .

A periodic function with period 2𝜋

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 Let 𝑓 ∶ 0, 4𝜋 → 0, 𝜋 be defined by 𝑓 𝑥 = cos %& cos 𝑥 . The number of
&C%2
points of 𝑥 ∈ 0, 4𝜋 satisfying the equation 𝑓 𝑥 = is :
&C

Solution: JEE ADV 2014

Let 𝑓 ∶ 0, 4𝜋 → 0, 𝜋 be defined by 𝑓 𝑥 = cos %& cos 𝑥

&C%2
𝑓 𝑥 = &C

𝑌
𝜋
2𝜋
−
𝑥
=
𝑦

4𝜋
𝑋
𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 10 2
𝑦 = 1 − 34

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 Properties of Inverse Function
' ' '
𝑦 = tan%& tan 𝑥 ∶ 𝑦 ∈ − ( , ( 𝑥 ∈ℝ− 2𝑛 + 1 𝑛 ∈ ℤ ; 𝑦 is periodic with ′𝜋′
(

⇒ tan 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑛𝜋 + 𝑥 → Slope +1

𝑌
'
(

𝜋
+

2𝜋
𝑥

−
𝑥

−
𝑋
=

𝑥
' ' :'

𝑥
=
− A'
𝑦

A' 2𝜋
𝜋

=
− −𝜋

𝑦
( ( ( (

𝑦
(

'
−
(

A periodic function with period 𝜋

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 cos !" cos −5 + sin!" sin 6 − tan!" tan 12 is equal to :

JEE Main 2021

A 3𝜋 + 1

B 3𝜋 − 11

C 4𝜋 − 11

D 4𝜋 − 9

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 cos !" cos −5 + sin!" sin 6 − tan!" tan 12 is equal to :

JEE Main 2021

Solution:

%&
𝑦 = cos %& cos 𝑥 Period = 2𝜋
𝑦 = sin sin 𝑥

𝑦 = tan%& tan 𝑥

cos %& cos −5 + sin%& sin 6 − tan%& tan 12

= cos %& cos 5 + sin%& sin 6 − tan%& tan 12
= 2𝜋 − 5 + 6 − 2𝜋 − 12 − 4𝜋
= 4𝜋 − 11

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 cos !" cos −5 + sin!" sin 6 − tan!" tan 12 is equal to :

JEE Main 2021

A 3𝜋 + 1

B 3𝜋 − 11

C 4𝜋 − 11

D 4𝜋 − 9

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 𝑦 = cot %& cot 𝑥 ∶ 𝑦 ∈ 0, 𝜋 𝑥 ∈ ℝ − 𝑛𝜋 𝑛 ∈ ℤ

⇒ cot 𝑦 = cot 𝑥 = tan 𝑥 = tan 𝑦 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑛𝜋 + 𝑥 → Slope +1

𝑌
𝜋

𝜋
+

𝜋
𝑥

−
𝑥

=
=

𝑥
𝑦

=
𝑦

𝑦
𝑋
' ' :'
−𝜋 −( 𝜋 A' 2𝜋
( (
(

A periodic function with period 𝜋

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 Properties of Inverse Function
' '
𝑦 = sec %& sec 𝑥 ∶ 𝑦 ∈ 0, 𝜋 − (
𝑥 ∈ℝ− 2𝑛 + 1 (

⇒ sec 𝑦 = sec 𝑥 ⇒ cos 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑦 = 2𝑛𝜋 ± 𝑥

𝑌
𝑦 𝜋
= 𝑦
2𝜋
− =
+

𝑥 2𝜋

2𝜋
𝑥
𝜋
𝑥

=
=

−
𝑥

𝑦
𝑦

𝑥
=
𝑦
𝑋
A' ' ' A' 2𝜋 :' :'
−2𝜋 − −𝜋 − 𝜋
( ( ( ( ( (

A periodic function with period 2𝜋

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 ' '
𝑦 = cosec %& cosec 𝑥 ∶ 𝑦 ∈ − ( , ( − 0 𝑥 ∈ ℝ − 𝑛𝜋 ; 𝑛 ∈ ℤ

⇒ cosec 𝑦 = cosec 𝑥 ⇒ sin 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑛𝜋 + −1 B 𝑥

𝑌
'
𝑦 𝑦

𝑥
= =
+
(

2𝜋
−
2𝜋
𝜋
𝜋 −
−

𝑥−
+

𝑥
𝑥
=

=
𝑋
𝑦

𝑦
−2𝜋 −
A'
−𝜋
'
−(
'
𝜋 A' 2𝜋 :'
( ( ( (
'
−(

A periodic function with period 2𝜋

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 Property 3: Functions of the form 𝑓 %& 𝑓 𝑥

(for principal values of 𝑥 only)

' '
sin%& (sin 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ − ,
( (

cos %& (cos 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 0, 𝜋

tan%& (tan 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ − ' , '

( (

cot %& (cot 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 0, 𝜋

cosec %& (cosec 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ − ' , ' − 0

( (

'
sec %& (sec 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 0, 𝜋 −
(

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 Property 4:
& &
cosec %& 𝑥 = sin%& ; 𝑥 ≥1 sec %& 𝑥 = cos %& ; 𝑥 ≥1
2 2

& &
tan%& ;𝑥 > 0 cosec %& 𝑥 = sin%& ; 𝑥 ≥1
2 2
cot %& 𝑥
&
𝜋 + tan%&
&
;𝑥 < 0 sec %& 𝑥 = cos %& ; 𝑥 ≥1
2 2

Note:

&
sin%& 𝑥 = cosec %& → Not identical
2

𝑥=0 𝑥≠0

&
cos %& 𝑥 = sec %& 2
→ Not Identical

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 Property 5:
'
sin%& 𝑥 + cos %& 𝑥 = ; 𝑥 ∈ −1, 1
(

'
sec %& 𝑥 + cosec %& 𝑥 = ( ; 𝑥 ≥ 1

'
tan%& 𝑥 + cot %& 𝑥 = ( ; 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

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 The set of all values of 𝑘 for which
tan!"𝑥 9 + cot !"𝑥 9 = 𝑘𝜋 9, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, is the interval
JEE Main 2022
Solution: Let 𝑓(𝑥) = tan%& 𝑥 A
+ cot %& 𝑥 A

⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = tan%& 𝑥 + cot %& 𝑥 A

− 3 tan%& 𝑥 ⋅ cot %& 𝑥(tan%& 𝑥 + cot %& 𝑥)
'
We know that, tan%& 𝑥 + cot %& 𝑥 = (
∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ

'' A' '

⇒𝑓 𝑥 = D
− (
tan%& 𝑥 ⋅ (
− tan%& 𝑥

'' A' '

⇒𝑓 𝑥 = + ⋅ tan%& 𝑥 (
− tan%& 𝑥
D ( (

'' A' ' ( '#

⇒𝑓 𝑥 = D
+ (
⋅ tan%& 𝑥 − 6 − &7
'' ;' '
⇒ A(
≤𝑓 𝑥 ≤ D
A' ' ( A' ' ''
⇒𝑓 𝑥 = ⋅ tan%& 𝑥 − 6 − + '' ;' '
( A( D ⇒ A(
≤ 𝑘𝜋 A ≤ D
A' ' ( ''
⇒𝑓 𝑥 = ⋅ tan%& 𝑥 − 6 + A( & ;
( ∴𝑘∈ ,
A( D
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 The set of all values of 𝑘 for which
tan!"𝑥 9 + cot !"𝑥 9 = 𝑘𝜋 9, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, is the interval
JEE Main 2022

& ;
A ,
A( D

& &A
B ,
(6 &7

& &A
C ,
6D &7

& E
D ,
A( D

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 Interconversion of different ITF

: :
sin 𝜃 = ⇒ 𝜃 = sin!"
; ; ℎ
𝑝
< <
cos 𝜃 = ; ⇒ 𝜃 = cos !" ;
𝜃
𝐴 𝐵
𝑏
Similarly,

: < : ; ; <
⇒ 𝜃 = sin!" ; = cos !" ; = tan!" < = cosec !" : = sec !" < = cot !" :

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 Interconversion of different ITF

For 𝑥 > 0, 𝐶

⇒ sin%& 𝑥 = cos %& 1 − 𝑥(

1 𝑥
%& 2
= tan
&%2 #
&%2 #
= cot %& 𝜃
2
𝐴 𝐵
= sec %& & 1 − 𝑥(
&%2 #
&
= cosec %& 2

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 If the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values, then
9 > - >
cos !" "=
cos tan!" 9
+ ' sin tan!" 9
is equal to:
JEE Main 2022
Solution:

A 6 ( 6
cos %& cos tan%& + sin tan%&
&C A : A

A A ( 6
= cos %& ⋅ + ⋅
&C : : :

&
= cos %&
(

'
= A

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 If the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values, then
9 > - >
cos !" "=
cos tan!" 9
+ ' sin tan!" 9
is equal to:
JEE Main 2022

A 0

'
B 6

'
C A

'
D 7

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 " $9
A possible value of tan sin!" is :
> ?

JEE Main 2021

Solution:
Let
&
cos 𝜃 =
7A 7A ' D
sin%& = 𝜃 ⇒ sin 𝜃 = , 𝜃 ∈ 0,
D D ( F &
⇒ 2 cos ( ( − 1 = D
So,
F E
⇒ cos ( ( = &7
& 7A F
tan sin%& = tan
6 D 6
F A
⇒ cos =
( 6

(
&%GH1# A
⇒ #
)
( =6
&9GH1
)

F &
⇒ tan 6 = ;

& 7A &
∴ tan 6
sin%& D
= ;
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 " $9
A possible value of tan sin!" is :
> ?

JEE Main 2021

&
A ( (

&
B ;

C 7−1

D 2 2−1

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 % ' #
If sin!" + cosec !" = ; then the value of 𝑥 is:
' > -
AIEEE 2007
Solution:
2 : '
sin%& :
+ cosec %& 6
= (

2 ' :
⇒ sin%& = − cosec %&
: ( 6

2 : -
⇒ sin%& = sec %& ∵ . − cosec 53 𝑥 = sec 53 𝑥
: 6

2 6
⇒ sin%& :
= cos %& :

2 A
⇒ sin%& :
= sin%& :

2 A
⇒:=:

⇒𝑥=3

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 % ' #
If sin!" + cosec !" = ; then the value of 𝑥 is:
' > -
AIEEE 2007

A 1

B 3

C 4

D 5

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 =
If 0 < 𝑥 < 1, then 1 + 𝑥 - 𝑥 cos cot !" 𝑥 + sin cot !" 𝑥 - −1 8

JEE ADVANCED 2008

2
A &92 #

B 𝒙

C 𝑥 1 + 𝑥(

D 1 + 𝑥(

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 =
If 0 < 𝑥 < 1, then 1 + 𝑥 - 𝑥 cos cot !" 𝑥 + sin cot !" 𝑥 - −1 8

JEE ADVANCED 2008

Solution:

%
%& %& (
1+ 𝑥( 𝑥 cos cot 𝑥 + sin cot 𝑥 −1 #
1 + 𝑥-
Let cot %& 𝑥 = 𝜃 ⇒ 𝑥 = cot 𝜃 1
& 𝜃
sin 𝜃 =
&92 # 𝑥
2
cos 𝜃 =
&92 #

%
∴ 1 + 𝑥 ( 𝑥 cos cot %& 𝑥 + sin cot %& 𝑥 (
−1 #

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 =
If 0 < 𝑥 < 1, then 1 + 𝑥 - 𝑥 cos cot !" 𝑥 + sin cot !" 𝑥 - −1 8

JEE ADVANCED 2008

Solution:

%
∴ 1 + 𝑥 ( 𝑥 cos cot %& 𝑥 + sin cot %& 𝑥 (
−1 #

%
2 & ( #
= 1 + 𝑥( 𝑥⋅ + −1
&92 # &92 #
%
( #
= 1+ 𝑥( 𝑥( +1 −1

%
= 1+ 𝑥( 𝑥( #

= 𝑥 1 + 𝑥(

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 =
If 0 < 𝑥 < 1, then 1 + 𝑥 - 𝑥 cos cot !" 𝑥 + sin cot !" 𝑥 - −1 8

JEE ADVANCED 2008

2
A &92 #

B 𝒙

C 𝑥 1 + 𝑥(

D 1 + 𝑥(

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 Sum of angle in terms of tan!" 𝑥

%&E
tan!" "!%E 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0 , 𝑥𝑦 < 1
tan!" 𝑥 + tan!" 𝑦 =
%&E
𝜋 + tan!" 𝑥 > 0 , 𝑦 > 0 , 𝑥𝑦 > 1
"!%E

# #
tan!" tan 𝜃 = 𝜃 𝜃 ∈ −- ,-
# 9#
=𝜃−𝜋 𝜃∈ -
, -

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 Sum of angle in terms of tan!" 𝑥

29I9J%2IJ
tan%& 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0 , 𝑧 ≥ 0 & ∑ 𝑥𝑦 < 1
&%∑ 2I

tan%& 𝑥 + tan%& 𝑦 + tan%& 𝑧 =

29I9J%2IJ
𝜋 + tan%& 𝑥 > 0 , 𝑦 > 0 , 𝑧 > 0 & ∑ 𝑥𝑦 > 1
&%∑ 2I

Note:

'
tan%& 𝑥 + tan%& 𝑦 + tan%& 𝑧 = (

𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥 = 1

tan%& 𝑥 + tan%& 𝑦 + tan%& 𝑧 = 𝜋

𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧
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 The sum of possible values of 𝑥 for
" ?
tan!" 𝑥 + 1 + cot !" %!"
= tan!" 9" is :
JEE MAIN 2021

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 The sum of possible values of 𝑥 for
" ?
tan!" 𝑥 + 1 + cot !" %!"
= tan!" 9" is :
JEE MAIN 2021
& D
Solution: tan%& 𝑥 + 1 + cot %& 2%&
= tan%& A&
D
⇒ tan%& 𝑥 + 1 + tan%& 𝑥 − 1 = tan%& A&

Taking tan on both sides ,

29& 9(2%&) D
&% 2 # %&
= A&

⇒ 8𝑥 ( + 62𝑥 − 16 = 0
&
⇒𝑥= , −8
6
& ' '
At 𝑥 = 6 : 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 > (
and 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆 < (

So , only possible solution is 𝑥 = −8

Sum = −8
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 The sum of possible values of 𝑥 for
" ?
tan!" 𝑥 + 1 + cot !" %!"
= tan!" 9" is :
JEE MAIN 2021

𝟑𝟑
A − 𝟒

𝟑𝟏
B − 𝟒

𝟑𝟐
C − 𝟒

𝟑𝟎
D −
𝟒

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 Difference of angle in terms of tan%& 𝑥

2%I
tan%& 𝑥 − tan%& 𝑦 = tan%& &92I 𝑥 ≥ 0 ,𝑦 ≥ 0

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 9 9 ?
The value of tan!" + tan!" + tan!" − is:
> ' "F

Solution:
A A D
tan%& + tan%& + tan%& −
6 : &E

2%I
' '
9 D tan%& 𝑥 − tan%& 𝑦 = tan%& &92I 𝑥 ≥ 0 ,𝑦 ≥ 0
= tan%& ) *
'' + tan%& − &E
&% ⋅
)*

(; D
= tan%& &&
− tan%& &E

#+ ,
%
%&
= tan %% %-
#+ ,
&9 ⋅
%% %-

:&A%DD
= tan%& (CE9(&7

6(:
= tan%& 6(:
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 9 9 ?
The value of tan!" + tan!" + tan!" − is:
> ' "F

Solution:
6(:
= tan%&
6(:

'
= tan%& 1 = 6

A A D '
⇒ tan%& + tan%& + tan%& − =
6 : &E 6

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 9 " #
If 𝛼 = cos !" '
, 𝛽 = tan!" 9
, where 0 < 𝛼, 𝛽 < -
.

Then 𝛼 − 𝛽 is equal to
JEE ADVANCED 2019

𝟗
A 𝐜𝐨𝐬 %𝟏 𝟓 𝟏𝟎

𝟗
B 𝐬𝐢𝐧%𝟏 𝟓 𝟏𝟎

𝟗
C 𝐜𝐨𝐬 %𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟓

𝟗
D 𝐬𝐢𝐧%𝟏
𝟏𝟎 𝟓

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 9 " #
If 𝛼 = cos !" '
, 𝛽 = tan!" 9
, where 0 < 𝛼, 𝛽 < -
.

Then 𝛼 − 𝛽 is equal to
JEE ADVANCED 2019
Solution:

A 6 %& &
𝛼 = cos %& :
= tan%& A
, 𝛽 = tan A

5 10
GH1 R%GH1 S
tan 𝛼 − 𝛽 = &9GH1 R GH1 S 9

) %
% E
tan 𝛼 − 𝛽 = ' '
)% = &A 13
&9 ⋅
''

E E
𝛼 − 𝛽 = tan%& = sin%& : &C
&A

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 9 " #
If 𝛼 = cos !" '
, 𝛽 = tan!" 9
, where 0 < 𝛼, 𝛽 < -
.

Then 𝛼 − 𝛽 is equal to
JEE ADVANCED 2019

𝟗
A 𝐜𝐨𝐬 %𝟏 𝟓 𝟏𝟎

𝟗
B 𝐬𝐢𝐧%𝟏 𝟓 𝟏𝟎

𝟗
C 𝐜𝐨𝐬 %𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟓

𝟗
D 𝐬𝐢𝐧%𝟏
𝟏𝟎 𝟓

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 Session 3
Properties of Inverse functions

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 Telescopic series / Method of Differences:

This method of solving a series in which general term 𝑡B can be expressed

as difference of two consecutive terms i.e., 𝑡B = 𝑎B9& − 𝑎B is known as
telescopic series or Method of differences.

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 " " "
Sum of series: tan!" "&"&"8 + tan!" "&-&-8 + tan!" "&9&98 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms

1
Solution: 𝑇B = tan%&
1 + 𝑛 + 𝑛(
1 2%I
= tan%& tan%& 𝑥 − tan%& 𝑦 = tan%& &92I
1+𝑛 𝑛+1
𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
𝑛+1 −𝑛
= tan%&
1+𝑛 𝑛+1

𝑇B = tan%& 𝑛 + 1 − tan%& 𝑛
+
𝑇& = tan%& 2 − tan%& 1
𝑇( = tan%& 3 − tan%& 2
+
𝑇A = tan%& 4 − tan%& 3

+ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
𝑇B = tan%& 𝑛 + 1 − tan%& 𝑛
'
𝑆B = tan%& 𝑛 + 1 − tan%& 1 𝑆B = tan%& 𝑛 + 1 −
6
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 04
1
The value of cot H tan53 .
1 + 𝑛 + 𝑛.
673
JEE Main 2022
Solution:
04
1
cot H tan53
1 + 𝑛 + 𝑛. (∵ tan%&
&
= tan%& 𝑟 + 1 − tan%& 𝑟)
673
&9T9T #

04

= cot H tan53 (𝑛 + 1) − tan53 𝑛

673

= cot tan%& 51 − tan%& 1

:C
= cot tan%& :(
:( (7
= :C = (:

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 04
1
The value of cot H tan53 .
1 + 𝑛 + 𝑛.
673
JEE Main 2022

𝟐𝟔
A
𝟐𝟓

𝟐𝟓
B
𝟐𝟔

C 𝟓𝟎
𝟓𝟏

D 𝟓𝟐
𝟓𝟏

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 38 6

The value of cot H cot 53 1 + H 2𝑝 is:

673 973
JEE Main JAN 2019
Solution: 38 6
cot H cot 53 1 + H 2𝑝
673 973

38
𝑛 𝑛+1
= cot H cot 53 1 + 2
2
673

38
1
= cot H tan53 2%I
1+𝑛 𝑛+1 tan%& 𝑥 − tan%& 𝑦 = tan%& &92I ; 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0
673

38
= cot H tan53 (𝑛 + 1) − tan53 𝑛
673

(&
= cot tan%& 20 − tan%& 1 =
&E
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 38 6

The value of cot H cot 53 1 + H 2𝑝 is:

673 973
JEE Main JAN 2019

𝟐𝟑
A 𝟐𝟐

𝟐𝟐
B 𝟐𝟑

𝟏𝟗
C
𝟐𝟏

𝟐𝟏
D 𝟏𝟗

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 & & & &
Sum of series: tan%& 2 # 929& + tan%& 2 # 9A29A + tan%& 2 # 9:29; + tan%& 2 # 9;29&A + ⋯ 𝑛 terms

Solution: " " " "

tan!" + tan!" + tan!" + tan!" + ⋯ 𝑛 terms
%8&%&" %8&9%&9 %8&'%&P %8&P%&"9

1 + 𝑥(𝑥 + 1) 1 + (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2) 1 + (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3) 1 + (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 4)

& %& %&

𝑇& = tan%& &92(29&) = tan 𝑥 + 1 − tan 𝑥

&
𝑇( = tan%& = tan%& 𝑥 + 2 − tan%& (𝑥 + 1)
&9(29&)(29()
&
𝑇A = tan%& &9(29()(29A) = tan%& 𝑥 + 3 − tan%& (𝑥 + 2)
&
𝑇6 = tan%& = tan%& 𝑥 + 4 − tan%& (𝑥 + 3)
&9(29A)(296)
⋯

⋯
𝑇B = tan%& 𝑥 + 𝑛 − tan%& (𝑥 + 𝑛 − 1)

⇒ 𝑆B = tan%& (𝑥 + 𝑛) − tan%& 𝑥
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 & & & &
Sum of series: tan%& 2 # 929& + tan%& 2 # 9A29A + tan%& 2 # 9:29; + tan%& 2 # 9;29&A + ⋯ 𝑛 terms

A tan%& ( 𝑥 + 𝑛) − tan%& 𝑥

B tan%& 𝑥 + 𝑛 − 1

C tan%& 𝑥

D tan%& 𝑥 + 𝑛 + 1 − tan%& 𝑥

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 Sum and difference of angles in terms of sin%&

sin%& 𝑥 1 − 𝑦 ( + 𝑦 1 − 𝑥 ( , 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
𝑥( + 𝑦( ≤ 1
• sin %&
𝑥 + sin %&
𝑦=
𝑥 > 0, 𝑦 > 0
%&
𝜋 − sin 𝑥 1− 𝑦( +𝑦 1− 𝑥( , 𝑥( + 𝑦( > 1

• sin%& 𝑥 − sin%& 𝑦 = sin%& 𝑥 1 − 𝑦 ( − 𝑦 1 − 𝑥 ( , 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0

Sum and difference of angles in terms of cos %&

• cos %& 𝑥 + cos %& 𝑦 = cos %& 𝑥𝑦 − 1 − 𝑥 ( 1 − 𝑦 ( , 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0

cos %& 𝑥𝑦 + 1 − 𝑥 ( 1 − 𝑦 ( , 𝑥 < 𝑦 & 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0

• cos %& 𝑥 − cos %& 𝑦 =

− cos %& 𝑥𝑦 + 1 − 𝑥 ( 1 − 𝑦 ( , 𝑥 > 𝑦 & 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0

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 "- 9
The value of sin!" − sin!" is equal to
"9 '
JEE Main APR 2019

Solution: &( A
sin%& &A
− sin%& :
sin%& 𝑥 − sin%& 𝑦 = sin%& 𝑥 1 − 𝑦 ( − 𝑦 1 − 𝑥 (
&( E A &66
= sin%& &A
1 − (: − : 1 − &7E

&( 6 A :
= sin%& . − : . &A
&A :

6D &: AA
= sin%& − = sin%& 7:
7: 7:

AA ' AA
= sin%& 7:
= − cos %&
( 7:

' AA (
= (
− sin%& 1− 7:
cos %& 𝑥 = sin%& 1 − 𝑥 ( ; 𝑥 ≥ 0

' 6((:%&CDE ' :7

= − sin%& = − sin%&
( 6((: ( 7:
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 "- 9
The value of sin!" − sin!" is equal to
"9 '
JEE Main APR 2019

' :7
A
(
− sin%& 7:

7A
B 𝜋 − sin%& 7:

' E
C − cos %&
( 7:

AA
D 𝜋 − cos %& 7:

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 Given that the inverse trigonometric functions take principal
values only. Then, the number of real values of 𝑥 which satisfy
A2 62
sin%& :
+ sin%& :
= sin%& 𝑥 is equal to:
JEE MAIN MARCH 2021
Solution:
A2 62
sin%& :
+ sin%& :
= sin%& 𝑥

Taking sine on both sides

A2 &72 # 62 E2 #
:
1− (:
+ :
1− (:
=𝑥

⇒ 3𝑥 25 − 16𝑥 ( = 25 − 4 25 − 9𝑥 (

⇒𝑥=0

Or 3 25 − 16𝑥 ( = 25 − 4 25 − 9𝑥 (

⇒ 9 25 − 16𝑥 ( = 625 − 200 25 − 9𝑥 ( + 16 25 − 9𝑥 (

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 Given that the inverse trigonometric functions take principal
values only. Then, the number of real values of 𝑥 which satisfy
A2 62
sin%& :
+ sin%& :
= sin%& 𝑥 is equal to:
JEE MAIN MARCH 2021
Solution: 𝑥=0

⇒ 9 25 − 16𝑥 ( = 625 − 200 25 − 9𝑥 ( + 16 25 − 9𝑥 (

⇒ 200 25 − 9𝑥 ( = 800

⇒ 25 − 9𝑥 ( = 4

⇒ 𝑥( = 1

⇒ 𝑥 = ±1

∴ Total number of solution = 3.

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 Given that the inverse trigonometric functions take principal
values only. Then, the number of real values of 𝑥 which satisfy
A2 62
sin%& :
+ sin%& :
= sin%& 𝑥 is equal to:
JEE MAIN MARCH 2021

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 0

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 E E
If cos !" 𝑥 − cos !" - = 𝛼, where −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, −2 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2, 𝑥 ≤ - ,
then for all 𝑥, 𝑦, 4𝑥 - − 4𝑥𝑦 cos 𝛼 + 𝑦 - is equal to :
AIEEE 2005 & April 2019
Solution: I 4 sin. 𝛼
Given: cos %& 𝑥 − cos %& ( = 𝛼 A

cos %& 𝑥 − cos %& 𝑦

2I I#
cos %& + 1 − 𝑥( 1 − =𝛼 = cos %& 𝑥𝑦 − 1 − 𝑥 ( 1 − 𝑦 ( B 2 sin. 𝛼
( 6

2I I#
C 4 sin. 𝛼 − 2𝑥 . 𝑦 .
+ 1 − 𝑥( 1 − = cos 𝛼
( 6

(Squaring both sides)

𝑥𝑦 + 1 − 𝑥 ( 4 − 𝑦 ( = 2 cos 𝛼 D 4 cos. 𝛼 + 2𝑥 . 𝑦 .

1 − 𝑥 ( 4 − 𝑦 ( = 2 cos 𝛼 − 𝑥𝑦

(1 − 𝑥 ( )(4 − 𝑦 ( ) = 4 cos ( 𝛼 + 𝑥 ( 𝑦 ( − 4𝑥𝑦 cos 𝛼

⇒ 4 − 𝑦 ( − 4𝑥 ( + 𝑥 ( 𝑦 ( = 4 cos ( 𝛼 + 𝑥 ( 𝑦 ( − 4𝑥𝑦 cos 𝛼

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 E E
If cos !" 𝑥 − cos !" - = 𝛼, where −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, −2 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2, 𝑥 ≤ - ,
then for all 𝑥, 𝑦, 4𝑥 - − 4𝑥𝑦 cos 𝛼 + 𝑦 - is equal to :
AIEEE 2005 & April 2019
Solution:
⇒ 4 − 𝑦 ( − 4𝑥 ( + 𝑥 ( 𝑦 ( = 4 cos ( 𝛼 + 𝑥 ( 𝑦 ( − 4𝑥𝑦 cos 𝛼

⇒ 4 − 𝑦 ( − 4𝑥 ( = 4 cos ( 𝛼 − 4𝑥𝑦 cos 𝛼

⇒ 4𝑥 ( − 4𝑥𝑦 cos 𝛼 + 𝑦 ( = 4 −4cos ( 𝛼

⇒ 4𝑥 ( − 4𝑥𝑦 cos 𝛼 + 𝑦 ( = 4(1 −cos ( 𝛼) = 4 sin( 𝛼

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 Multiple Angles in terms of sin%&
&
−𝜋 − sin%& 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 ( ; 𝑥 < − (
& &
2 sin%& 𝑥 = sin%& 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 ( ; − ≤𝑥≤
( (
&
𝜋 − sin%& 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 ( ; 𝑥 > (
Proof:
' '
Let 𝑥 = sin 𝛼 ; 𝛼 ∈ − ( , ( ⇒ 𝛼 = sin%& 𝑥

sin%& 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 ( = sin%& sin 2𝛼 where 2𝛼 ∈ −𝜋, 𝜋

'
−𝜋 − 2𝛼; −𝜋 < 2𝛼 < −
(
' '
⇒ sin%& 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 ( = 2𝛼; − ( ≤ 2𝛼 ≤ (
'
𝜋 − 2𝛼; (
< 2𝛼 < 𝜋
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 '
−𝜋 − 2𝛼; −𝜋 ≤ 2𝛼 − (
' '
⇒ sin%& 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 ( = 2𝛼; − ( ≤ 2𝛼 ≤ (
'
𝜋 − 2𝛼; ( < 2𝛼 ≤ 𝜋

𝑦 𝑦
= 𝑥 =
−𝜋 = 𝜋
− 𝑦 −
𝑥 𝑥

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 Multiple Angles in terms of sin%&
'
−𝜋 − 2𝛼; −𝜋 ≤ 2𝛼 < −
(
' '
⇒ sin%& 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 ( = 2𝛼; − ( ≤ 2𝛼 ≤ (
'
𝜋 − 2𝛼; ( < 2𝛼 ≤ 𝜋
'
−𝜋 − 2 sin%& 𝑥 ; −𝜋 ≤ 2 sin%& 𝑥 < −
(
' '
⇒ sin%& 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 ( = 2 sin%& 𝑥 ; − ≤ 2 sin%& 𝑥 ≤
( (
'
𝜋 − 2 sin%& 𝑥 ; ( < 2 sin%& 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋

𝑦 𝑦
= 𝑥 =
−𝜋 = 𝜋
− 𝑦 −
𝑥 𝑥
−𝜋 %'
(

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 sin%& 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 ( = sin%& sin 2𝛼 where 2𝛼 ∈ −𝜋, 𝜋

' '
𝑌
−𝜋 − 2 sin%& 𝑥 ; − ( ≤ sin%& 𝑥 < − 6 '
(
%& = ' '
sin 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥( 2 sin %&
𝑥 ; − 6 ≤ sin %&
𝑥≤ 6
' '
𝜋 − 2 sin%& 𝑥 ; < sin%& 𝑥 ≤ 𝑋
6 (

' '
−𝜋 − 2 sin%& 𝑥 ; 𝑥 < − ( −(
& &
⇒ sin%& 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 ( = 2 sin%& 𝑥 ; − (
≤𝑥≤ (
&
𝜋 − 2 sin%& 𝑥 ; 𝑥 > (

&
−𝜋 − sin%& 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 ( ; 𝑥 < − (
& &
⇒ 2 sin%& 𝑥 = sin%& 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 ( ; − ≤𝑥≤
( (
&
𝜋 − sin%& 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 ( ; 𝑥 > (
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 2 cos !" 𝑥 = 2𝜋 − cos !" 2𝑥 - − 1 is true for which values of 𝑥?

Solution:
2 cos %& 𝑥 = 2𝜋 − cos %& 2𝑥 ( − 1

Let cos %& 𝑥 = 𝜃, 𝜃 ∈ 0, 𝜋 ⇒ 𝑥 = cos 𝜃

cos %& 2𝑥 ( − 1 = cos %& 2 cos ( 𝜃 − 1

2𝜋 − 2𝜃 for 2𝜃 ∈ 𝜋, 2𝜋
'
(
≤𝜃≤𝜋

𝑌
𝑦 𝑦
= = 2𝜋
− 2𝜋
𝑥 − 𝑥−
𝑥 =
𝑦
𝑋

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 2 cos !" 𝑥 = 2𝜋 − cos !" 2𝑥 - − 1 is true for which values of 𝑥?

Solution:
cos %& 2𝑥 ( − 1 = cos %& 2 cos ( 𝜃 − 1

= cos %& cos 2𝜃 , 2𝜃 ∈ 0, 2𝜋

= 2𝜋 − 2𝜃 for 2𝜃 ∈ 𝜋, 2𝜋

' 𝜋
≤𝜃≤𝜋
(
'
' (
(
≤ cos %& 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋

−1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0 𝑂 1
−1
'
−
(

−𝜋
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 2 cos !" 𝑥 = 2𝜋 − cos !" 2𝑥 - − 1 is true for which values of 𝑥?

A 𝑥 ∈ 0, 1

B 𝑥 ∈ −1, 0

C 𝑥 ∈ −1, 1

&
D 𝑥∈ ,1
(

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 All 𝑥 satisfying the inequality : cot %& 𝑥 (
− 7 cot %& 𝑥 + 10 > 0 lie in the interval
JEE Main JAN 2019
Solution:

cot %& 𝑥 (
− 7 cot %& 𝑥 + 10 > 0 ⋯ 𝑖

⇒ cot %& 𝑥 − 2 cot %& 𝑥 − 5 > 0

⇒ cot %& 𝑥 < 2 or cot %& 𝑥 > 5

⇒ 𝑥 > cot 2 Does not satisfy

∴ 𝑥 ∈ cot 2 , ∞

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 All 𝑥 satisfying the inequality : cot %& 𝑥 (
− 7 cot %& 𝑥 + 10 > 0 lie in the interval
JEE Main JAN 2019

A −∞, cot 5 ∪ cot 4 , cot 2

B cot 5 , cot 4

C −∞, cot 5 ∪ cot 2 , ∞

D cot 2 , ∞

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 Find the value of 𝑆 = cot !" 2 + cot !" 8 + cot !" 18 + cot !" 32 + ⋯ ∞

Solution:

𝑆 = cot %& 2 + cot %& 8 + cot %& 18 + cot %& 32 + ⋯ ∞

& & & &
⇒ 𝑆 = tan%& + tan%& + tan%& + tan%& + ⋯∞
( D &D A(
&
⇒ 𝑇T = tan%& (T #
(
= tan%& 6T #
(
= tan%& &9 6T # %&

(T9& %((T%&)
= tan%&
&9 (T9& (T%&

= tan%& 2𝑟 + 1 − tan%& 2𝑟 − 1

⇒ 𝑇T = tan%& 2𝑟 + 1 − tan%& 2𝑟 − 1

⇒ 𝑆B = 𝑇& + 𝑇( + 𝑇A + 𝑇6 + ⋯ + 𝑇B

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 Find the value of 𝑆 = cot !" 2 + cot !" 8 + cot !" 18 + cot !" 32 + ⋯ ∞

Solution:

⇒ 𝑆B = tan%& 3 − tan%& 1 + tan%& 5 − tan%& 3 + ⋯ + tan%& 2𝑛 + 1 − tan%& 2𝑛 − 1

= tan%& 2𝑛 + 1 − tan%& 1

𝑆 = tan%& ∞ − tan%& 1
' '
= (
−6

'
= 6

'
⇒𝑆=
6

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