energy

Golgi
bodies, nucleus.
endoplasmic function
wall,
produce
cell well-defined and
membrane,nucleus. structure to
help
chlorophyl. b
body. which nd
well-defined
a definite food
the cell has feert
cytoplas1m Column
B materlol
of being,
as mitochondria, called and (W) cel
Intercellular
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having the
division. pigment woter the
functional a human
organelles,lacks
multicellular. nucleus the insideselected
to
ytoplasmnucleus. in colour
function. of
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plastids, ora cell well-organised Permits
Imports
cells.
and plantto well-defined
contains
and cell due the structures
of structural
or
sizevarious a
chromosomes, a cell in SQUESTIONS(1) (u1) (lv) (v)
composed unicellular of of size present
thatthat the that
shape, in of
a
lack a rod-like
contains as haveplastids
fundamental, as grow part structures reticulum
i)
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is be the etc. suchsuch
ribosomes,
vacuole, that that
living
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Science
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organisms living cells of
spherical TYPE
Column
A
may in nucleolus,
cell cell, cells columns. Col
loj
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cell, type ANSWER
varygeneralised the small- - (o)
Lysoomes
Summary organism prokaryotic
eukaryotic -
cell cell a - (b)
Vocuoles
the may Protoplasm
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cell
functions. le)
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nucleus, living Organelles Chloroplast
Eukaryotic the
is
Everycell SHORT
Exercises
Cells Match
An
A A A All
. " VERY
. " " 1.
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re
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 destroying
rapidly
or
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and the
and of destroyed?
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are
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microscope cell
helpare lacksfrom
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membrane cell hite
blood
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v.pinhole
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. and
Robert
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cell
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in red
helpor the they 1o
observe
cells aceltlA
WAl
old suicidal in or sin _ B. v. I. A.
andbecome scattered bags,old cell
obou
called onimal
enzymes the cell. C ndependenty.
suiidal is true
if the fhe folloing
cellsalso are happen the s
of lealithe
portin
cell.ai
largest in statements
digestive
the are which termed present present
by
on the enit
they would living opliens. given Leevenhoek
When
granules generally in ino not
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herve
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onganelles
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he LAnge
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the ATP centre
of which
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in
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d
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nucleolusinheritance, the
anddelicatesemi-solid cell. eyrt
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minerals,
chlorophyll,
several Chromoplast
mass the vacuole certain stores
various of the the
a the in site and
spherical
by a in role of of leucoplast
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are out storage hetp
n
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important useful
addition are
They They called carry
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Plastids pigments they synthesis,
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porous In structures.
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cell. andplays the storecell How
from carryoffspring. called the to
the regulates They plantvacuoles. cells. green
of colour leaves. in
is
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small
nucleus. They cell.
membrane called
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are The
plantfunctioning
containing
orange,
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SER
help nd
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products.
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provides Reticulum
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is andNucleus parents brain
Therefore, clear have in the as have tubules
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such
have wastemay in crotons
most membrane.fibrous of the
play
present It
fromcentre fruits
photosynthesis.Skills
Life of
cell. nucleoplasm.
called be energy.
Mitochondria structures
andcells to like network Bodio
Golgd
the charactersto tiny the
are and plants
the the of controlling animal
substances role colourless. cell
the
tn
structures consideredare Vacuoles are
Plastids
is
Nucleus of between network produce specific flowers Some
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centre and
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 witvewcry vanat
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coloured)and similar
to are
us blue, performing appart Micl
andfunction together Smooth
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for a the
methylene show
(i.e.,easier livng under
stained and Cellsfunctions Plasma reticulum
membrane
it all both examined
makes structure
they
safranin, has nucleus. Centnolees
often yet similar
which cell
is shapes, when
shape, Nucleus
are A andperforming
microscope
cells,
dyes cell. ort
parts
definite cytoplasm genvatsee
the their
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Nucleolus
intstaining main
in have
theregions different three tissues Nuclear
envelope
Chromatin &6A
membrane, organ
under used FUNCTION
specific a that Free Fig
ribosomes
commonly as cell has tissues; an
viewed are called cell form
the
highlights ANDbody generalised cellform together
be of
be the
themayparts arecollectively
STRUCTURE
to These
specimen of in which living organs
Staining
Some cells Cilia
A Mitochondrion
microscope.
Theorganelles.
Lysosome
details. structure
Though functions
and
Thedye. violet.CELL parts.
organ endoplasmic
reticulum
Rough
114
 umen
then
We
under,
Fig
84
Plant fr r
vary
cellsfromox s relate
0 it
in
present mayblood
TheThe
sizecells. is
diameter.
bran
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in of are parts and
eye. cellthe sizerats
millimetre
Bacteria (fat)
microscopic are The different
naked bacteria and
part
eggs body.
centimetres. elephants yellow
the 170
Fig
83
Amoeba
A Bird's to
the with cells. is animalmessages inner
observe It
organisms.
cells.
seen small-sized both
or cell.egg. put7-10 and intocalled the
few the
and be longestplantintransferringsinglethe andabout burner egg called parts,
observation. a cells boil pan
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in the COol.and part WO
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Fig
82
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microscope.

millionth
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itsas
Experiment1
To Observation:
112
 ell

VARIETY

Cells of o
their numt
INTRODUCTION
Cell Numt
All livingorganisms have acomplex body made up of various body parts. Each bt
part is made up of smallunits called cells. Every organ in a plant or an animal bd There are r
is made up of thousands of such cells. The functions performed by the organism a the numbes
such as bat
the result of the activity of these cells. Pertormns al
plants and e
WHAT IS ACELL animals ar
and are calle
cell is the fundamental, structural and functional unit of all living organisms t
A
the smallest part of aliving body which is capable of independent existence Cels
arranged in the same manner as bricks are arranged in a building. Thus, they are the

110
enugh be cell malarndla
give mamy will
Eaence single plants
verycellscan be be very
big can greater
becoming
Stemwhich can curecan cell
is and well. a Some Most
and cells TheyandThey of single bl
science. divisions
embryo, the
as
cells.cellsdiseases. up Vlvr. and
cell Cork Fact
is use organism.
organism,
madeA millions
single 81 cells'
medical
the of
undergo
unlimited
heart future
organisms. and
Fig. 'stem numberlife-threatening
in restore
its
in
are Spirogyru
represents
a
termin present
popular a
for
preserved theanimals
multicellular
like of
to to are
us,
up
The are riseused Largercalled
Earth. unicellularmade
as
he
and
hen lenses
scientist wasexamined a compartments
and small slice and single SHAPEof anysuch
like terms plants cells,beings,
of
a including
human
twomicroscopemicroscope
manyappeared
cork Schleidencells. a the
The
egg English regularly.
as AND in Many justfew up organism
using He the pre-existing
of that: starts
SIZE variations on astarefunctions a
microscope. in
these organisms
body. and of
yeast
body. an by up cells by
was This this They dead. states
micrOscope
organismNUMBER,
replaced size.
eyes. CELL made the
called given made
are
animals are
multicell
called
living magnification.
(1635-1703) under from show necessary
and
compartments. theory and
THE
unaided compound was that living Amoeba
a cork Hooke empty was are
develop every
CELL organismsshape cells
of OF a observed cell and
blocks developed of it many the around
bacteria,
by SCOVERY Hooke theory
plkding
i greater
that
slice
called
or
bserved
honeycomb.
He
actually The
cells die of
cell Schwann. Cells
life
IN
VARIETY
number,Cell
Number
are
of
number all
Torms and
tibert ,thin All The cell. of
aho lter hres lls. were els beir There uh Pnts
The " " "
 have
them to Theand firstis mount dryusedthe is slidesbe
it
cuboid, slide specimen to
function shape membrane.
shape be a are of need
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help expansion. to thedry suggests, piece permanent
disc-shaped, transpiration. provides has and
the Muscle
cells gives on laboratory: small The water
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specimen water
on pseudopodia plasma
It term water.
of than
depends and membrane cell. using a
body. mount, case
rectangular,oxygen. contraction e the
during theplant Thethethe of other
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As prepared under
dropsIn duration.
cell or a microscope.
Placing
prepared objects.wet aamicroscope.materials
transport to shopes Thismembrane
in
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and of
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generally
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slide
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or longer
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shape shape generally one use),
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mounts viewed
preserved
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called CELLS)
a
for
shapes, shapedcapillaries. to over of under mounts preserved
spindle-shaped
to
conduct is covering help for Wet like and with
coverslipbe
85 enclosed
usedwater. centre
bean-shaped It then
animals. VIEW the of
their are
even are Fig specimens to
cells have
in and cells the to
great
variety TO withand types generally to
be
need
blood long are additional require the
slideTwo
branched blood of out and
components
SLIDEviewed at specimens
are are are cells. placeda
white Nerve
cells plants glass living
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call hread-l red squeezing cellscells cells A mounting
pertikoe,rms. an are and
wet is not
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the PREPARING
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substances substances organel
move
and cytop
cell
the cellulose
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of nucleus.
in
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CELL wallIN THE
CYTOPLASM pores lt the and
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NUCLEUS membrane. reactions
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OF has
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rigidity the
leave chemical
PARTS membrane
membrane cell themoisture
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cell theandconditions, and cell
Living
Parts
Nuclear
membrane shape
surrounding theMany
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membrane Golgi
apparatus
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Mitochondria cellcell
cell. changes
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Nucleolus theThe
Plasma
which
Plastids It the
of medium.cell. wallcell. and present
CELL
ORGANELLES)
or covering the from of
cell the windsolution, part
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surrounding
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this
outer and has part
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throughWall cellton-living formtoplasm in
it. Cell
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pick.
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stain, the on place
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cells. a blueliquidcompound ablecytoplasm
put
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of extra
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absorb will membrane,
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of glass cheek You
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Cell
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temporary
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observe
and the paperit In
Tooth microscope.cell nucleus
a examine
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membrane paper the on add
Nucleolus Lysosome Scrape filter will scraped
Nucleus it Then, identity
a required: Place You
preparefilter Use and and
. " Observation:
Procedure:
To Material
Aim:
Experiment3 D
 prepe
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To Material
t
mitochond
conta
Experiment3
Aim
Eaplain
the
nr
eplanton
Em
cells
mnd
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Vacuole
Cell
wall Mitochondrion
Cell
membrane
Golgi Cholorplast
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ells. a
in
reticulum, bricks
animal
stain, as
and it other
and it.
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stainbubbles.
endoplasmic satranin onion each
plant slip. slide
cell to
both coverthethedrying.
brush, air
safranin and to
plant of of next
entry liqUd
microscope.
andSIdeon from
membrane
in
nucleus, a
of peel.slide, of arranged
similar paperinner the extra
Structure
onion
glass it dropavoding
CELLS the preventa tihe
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iter add abSorb are
iscytoplasm, the
F&7of onion, trom
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ANIMAL of
membrane
to and slip
a of water
piece brushcOverto that
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AND membrane,
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the hlter
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PLANT
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the
Procedure
Thecel To Materiais
Experiment2
Aim
on
18
 Mitach
A.
VERY
a
are
differences well centre
prokaryotes
the big definite
Forexample
and not the
in
absent.
present prominent is
L
These
cell.
Cells
Animal
cell
absent.
generally
Plastids
are
absent.
Centrosome
generally is
present.

in
membrane
placed
called
mass,are

a
with
nucleus
eukaryotes.
eukaryotes.
te
to
due
place
Ract
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NT
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to
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ip damg
genera
& m
of
duan
the
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apparatus nuclearcells takesdue they
are are not cell. rpair
is well-organised thatthe
wal
is the
Vacuoles
chromatin
of
called
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and theso for
and and Nucleusof a to
Cell enough. the type prokaryotes. of of
division size,
area
Cell centre green size help
cell Plant Golgi are Growth
nucleus),
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in
the Surlace
plant
Animal cell Small also
Between of
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periphery formwith a of cells
the or are typeand
have increase.
grow,
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and between absent the algae theseviruses two new
Differences
Plant
cell large in nucleus) we number.in The
Plant the sizeAs intoIncrease cell The
two either primitive;
is green with
differences present. in Centrosome
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are
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material bacteria, body?dividesof organisms. eat.
or present membrane. karyon: organisms and result
Between is blue GROWTH in division.
weight we
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highly
reduced. ourincrease
is nuclear
(pro:
wall haveis PROKARYOTIC
CELL and true; except cell a in food
some Nucleus of as growth
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EUKARYOTIC
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cells a
size,cell
body the
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follows: S.No. and cells DIVISION certain as thethe
There example, our to our known
happens
in fornutrition
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5. higher in responsible
6 the nuclear a of
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