Systematics: Based on Evolutionary Relationships by is. Mary Jiemer1. Principles’!and its Description 2. Nomenclature 3. Identification and ClassificationK to 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL, - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) SPECIALIZED SUBJECT TT Taegan Faw fe Sricura Sra Geveapmareal racer deters FONG et sya | nas edn cern Pgs Basedon Reet 2 ely he nga ra ofa atenary PT spec ta ee oor Felatonstipe : I dear pcs ety rd es and Oasicaion the types of evidence ad proces that can be sed to ab ‘STEM_aton4 /12001h- He ‘STEM _B1OLL/120nth- 45 ‘STEM _BIOL/12001h- ji6 Sbjct ~ Bloy 2 August 2016 re gle beam equipment 00 £2 Senior High Schoo! STEM Specialed “Experiments in Balagy may requce balan..are you now ready to know the proper identafiCatontand classification of ving things ?Classificationof Living ThingsTAXONOMY Branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their: 1. CHARACTERISTICS 2. EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY, The first person to group or classify organisms was the Greek teacher & philosopher more than 2000 years ago.Aristotle’s System one woody stern Soft stems three) (herbs) several woody stems (shrubs) PLANTS: ANIMALS: Based on : iio don where they livedBUT...A jelly fish isn’t a fish, but a seahorse is! Image from: hutp:/ien.wikipe re wikilelly fish | Sea cucumber sounds like a plant _but... it’s an animal!Ex: puma, catamount, mountain lion, cougar are all names for same animal Image from: http://w PER 2ac)s/ihil/images/Caugar.jnChipmunk Streifenhornchen (German) Tamia (Italian) Ardilla listada (Spanish)Some early scientists devised scientific names using long descriptions in LATIN. RED OAK Quercus foliis obtuse-sinuatis setaceo-mucronatis “oak with leaves with deep blunt lobes bearing hairlike bristles”PROBLEMS and CONCERNS??Names too hard too long to remember! Names don’t show relationships between different animals or plants.Carolus Linnaeus comes to the rescue! Devised a new classification system based on (1707-1778)Linnaeus’s System Grouped ina HIERARCHY of 7 different levels Each organism has a two part LATIN SCIENTIFIC NAMEKingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Kids Prefer Cheese Over Fried Green Spinach eSKingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order = Carnivora Family Felidae Genus Panthera : ies lco5 a | 4 MBINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE (2 name naming system) *1* name = GENUS NAME —Always capitalized 2d name = SPECIES IDENTIFIER —Always lower case *Both names are UNDERLINED or aa gcc ‘.Binomial Nomenclature Vampire bat Desmodus rotundus Eastern chipmunk Tamias striatusBinomial nomenclature Humans Homo sapiensSo what do we use now? MODERN TAXONOMY Still use Linnaeus’s system: but we have added more KINGDOMSMODERN TAXONOMY organizes living things in the context ofMODERN TAXONOMY Scientists use different kinds of info to classify organisms: 1 -__Fossil record __ 2s, Morphology 3. Embryology 4. Chromosomes 5. Macromolecules (DNA & proteins)1. FOSSIL RECORD We can trace some changes over time through the fossil record.2. MORPHOLOGY Shape and FunctionMORPHOLOGY HOMOLOGOUS _ characteristics: same embryological origin (may have similar structure and function) e.g: Bat wing & human arm Homologous characteristics suggest a Recent common ancestorHOMO GOUS STRUCTURES y Bat wing \ and human arm develop from same embryonic structuresMORPHOLOGY ANALOGOUS characteristics: may have similar structure & function but different embryological origin e.g: Bird wing & butterfly wing ANALOGOUS characteristics evolved separately. Organisms NOT CLOSELY RELATEDANALOGOUS ee sTRUCTURES Ditd Wing and butterfly wing have evolved with similar function different structure inside. A+ & Insects and birds - eNO Melgsc!y related3. EMBRYOLOGY ey f 7 ¢ y y & ; > Ee Se RS Fish Salamander Tortoise Chicken Rabbi Human Animals whose embryos develop in a similar pattern may be related itu/03_3.shtml4. CHROMOSOMES (ial ao HaGboi a Wiha Gite Hoda a na ee iso tt | Similar karyotypes suggest closer relationships.Kolo #Goit WU wo hunny Wok tk a it u i ii ” a ino ow ae it a is a u woh Human- 46 chromosomes Chimpanzee- 48 chromosomes Chimpanzees have 2 smaller chromosome pairs we don’t have Humans have | larger chromosome pair (#2) they don’t have.5. MICROMOLECULES Compare molecules like PROTEINS DNA Organisms with similar sequences are probably more closely related.V0 Wirldal GO we USe now? KINGDOMS ~ based on multiple kinds of evidence a_| Plantae _| [Anim Shows evolutionary relationships based on: Morphology Fossil records Embryology ChromosomesClassificationof Living ThingsToday, we learn that scientist classify and identify living things... Scientists uses... 1 zZ 3. 4 5READY FOR SOME ACTIVITY ??? LETS GET IT ON!Directions: Write correct in the space provided if the underlined word is correct or change it with the correct term/word if it’s wrong. (Note: This quiz requires your higher thinking skills)1. Aristotle laid the real basis for modern classification and nomenclature.2. Nomenclature is the procedure of assigning names to the kinds and groups of animals to be classified.3. Taxonomy is a Branch of biology that names and groups organism according to their attitude and Evolutionary history.4. Physiology is a study based on organisms structure and functions.5, Binomial Nomenclature uses two words to designate a species.6. Scientists use the ff. kinds of info to classify organisms: Fossil Records, Morphology, Embryology, and based on its Chromosomes and based on its micromolecules.7. Carolus Linnaeus was the first person to classify and name organisms.8. When writing scientific names, the genus name should always be capitalized.9. EVOLUTION is a process by which living organism have come to be what they are, structurally and functionally.10. The six modern classification of organism are the ff: Monera, Animalia, Fungi, Protista, and plantae.Image Sources http:/www.geocities.com/TheTropies/2428/directory.huml hupslwww.gits.net e http://peaple.cku.edu/ritchisong/homepage-him hetpy/www,seattleschoals.org/schools/blaine! hup:/www.kidskonneet.con/Lionsfion.gifhttp:/wwav.chm.bris.ac.uk/motmitrimethylamine/fish.gif http:/www.cadh.org/shresouree/elipart/animals/pies/dog. gif Li http:/www.madiamtern.com/clipart/cindexw.htm ttp:/dvww.drtoy.com/news! nages/platypus.git