NEMA Standards Publication MG 2-2001 Safety Standard and Guide for Selection, Installation, and Use of Electric Motors and Generators Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Asso: 4300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 © Copyright 2001 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions.NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person Participating in the development of this document. The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development. of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaims ‘and makes no guaranty or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfil any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer’s or seller's products or services by Virtue ofthis standard or guide. In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not covered by this publication NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health or safety related information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibilty of the certfier or maker of the statementRepo SCOPE, CONTENTS REFERENCED STANDARDS AND DEFINITIONS GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND METHODS OF COOLING 41 Open Machine (IP0O, IC01) 44a 4AA2 443 4nd 415 416 4ar 418 Dripproof Machine (IP 12, 1C01), Splash-Proof Machine (IP13, IC01) Semi-Guarded Machine (IC01) Guarded Machine (IC01) Dripproof Guarded Machine (IC01) Open independently Ventilated Machine (IC06) Open Pipe-Ventilated Machine. Weather-Protected Machine 42 Totally Enclosed Machine. 424 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 Totally Enclosed Nonventilated Machine (IC410) Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled Machine Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled Guarded Machine (IC411) Totally Enclosed Pipe-Ventilated Machine (IP44). Totally Enclosed Water-Cooled Machine (IP54) Water-Proof Machine (IP55) Totally Enclosed Air-to-Water-Cooled Machine (IPS4) Totally Enclosed Air-to-Air-Cooled Machine (IP54) Totally Enclosed Air-Over Machine (IP54, 1C417) 4.2.10. Explosion-Proof Machine. 4.2.11 Dustgnition-Proof Machine. CONSTRUCTION AND TESTS 5.1 General 5.2 Corrosion Protection 5.3 High Potential Testing 534 532 63.3 63.4 535 53.6 Motors. ‘Synchronous Generators. Grounding ‘Accessories and Components Discharging Windings After Test. Guarding © Copyright 2001 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. MG 2-201 Page iMG 2-2001 Page ii 5.4 Thermal Protection. 5.5 Impedance Protection 5.6 Overspeed 5.6.1 _ Induction Motors 5.6.2 _Direct-Current Motors. 5.6.3 Alternating-Current Series and Universal Motors. 5.6.4 Synchronous Motors.. 5.6.5 Synchronous Generators 5.6.6 _Direct-Current Generators ‘SAFETY IN MACHINE APPLICATION 6.1 Matching of the Machine to the Load 6.2 Degree of Machine Enclosure 624 General 6.2.2 Application in Residences and in Places Regularly Open to the Public 6.2.3 Applications in Places Restricted to Persons Employed on the Premises 6.2.4 Application in Places Accessible Only to Qualified Personnel 6.2.5 AC Motors For Class |, Division 2, Hazardous Locations 6.3. Proper Selection of Machines. 6.3.1 Variation From Rated Voltage and Rated Frequency. 63.2 Usual Service Conditions 6.3.3 Unusual Service Conditions 6.3.4 Speed Limitation. so so so 6.3.5 Operation of Direct-current Motors on Rectified Alternating Current. 6.3.6 Shaft Loading 63.7 Transient Torques 6.3.8 Torsional Vibration 6.3.9 Torque Pulsations During Starting of Synchronous Motors. SAFETY IN MACHINE INSTALLATIONS 7.4 Installation and Protection 7.2 Grounding 7.3 Wiring Connections 7.4 Flammable Materials 7.5 Rotating Parts. 7.6 Maximum Speed of Drive Components. 7.7 Lifting of Machines. 7.8 Surface Temperatures. 7.9 Hold-down Bolt Sizes. © Copyright 2001 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. 10 10 10 10 " 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 7 7 18 18 24 22 23 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 28 28MG 2-201 Page ill 7.10 Power Factor Correction, 28 7.11 Starting Current in Induction Motors... sen sen 30 7.11.1 Locked Rotor Current 30 7.11.2. Instantaneous Peak Value of Inrush Current 30 SAFETY IN MACHINE USE. 32. 8.1 Loading 32 8.2 Automatic Reset Thermal Protectors 32 83 Maintenance 32 84 — Repair 33 © Copyright 2001 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association.MG 2-2001 Page iv Foreword The use of electric machines, like that of all other utilization of concentrated power, is potentially hazardous. The degree of hazard can be greatly reduced by proper design, selection, installation, and use, but hazards cannot be completely eliminated. The reduction of hazard is the joint responsibilty of the user, the manufacturer of the driven or driving equipment, and the manufacturer of the machine. The words "driven or driving equipment" as used in this publication mean equipment driven by a motor or equipment driving a generator. This publication is intended to assist the user and the manufacturer of the driven or driving equipment in the selection of machines which have been designed and built to have features that contribute to safely. The machine manufacturer has litle, if any, control over the selection, installation, and use of these machines. Since the reduction of hazards depends greatly on how machines are selected, installed, and used, this publication has been prepared as a guide to assist the user and the manufacturer of the driven or driving equipment in the proper selection, installation, and use of machines. It points out possible hazards and suggests ways and means to reduce them. If the guidelines are followed, the possible hazards and risks of using machines will be reduced. MG 2-2001 completely revises and supersedes MG 2-199. This publication is periodically reviewed by the Motor and Generator Section of NEMA for any revisions necessary to keep it up to date with advancing technology. Proposed or recommended revisions should be submitted to: Vice President, Engineering National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 © Copyright 2001 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association.MG 2-201 Page 1 4. SCOPE This. publication provides recommendations for the selection, installation, and use of rotating electric ‘machines in such a manner as to provide for the practical safeguarding of persons and property. Excluded from the scope of this publication are the following, a) Welding generators. b) Booster, dynamic braking, and absorption type machines ©) Isolated electric farm lighting plants 4). Variable speed generator equipment for railway passenger cars. ) Main propulsion motors, generators, and motor generator sets mounted on railroad and transit locomotives and cars. f) Automotive motors, generators, and motor generator sets. g) Motors, generators, exciters, and motor generator or exciter sets mounted on airborne craft. h) Toy motors and small synchronous motors of the type generally used in household clocks and timing devices. i) Additional specific features required in machines for use in hazardous (classified) locations. Such locations might be in mines or in areas defined in the National Electrical Code (ANSVNFPA 70), Articles 500 through 503. 1) Machines built to military specifications having requirements which conflict with or override the provisions of this publication k) Machine parts intended for installation in a hermetically sealed enclosure, 1) Nonsalient-pole generators and their exciters. m) Generators larger than 10,000 kVA, and their exciters, for hydraulic turbine drive, including reversible motor generator units 1) Synchronous condensers, frequency changers, and phase converters. Since any machine can be installed or operated in such a manner that hazards can occur, compliance with this publication does not by itself assure a safe installation. However, when a machine complying with this publication is properly selected with respect to the driven load and environment, and is installed in accordance with the applicable provisions of national codes and sound local practices, the hazards to persons and property will be reduced, 2. REFERENCED STANDARDS AND DEFINITIONS In this publication, reference is made to the following standards and other publications listed below. Copies are available from the indicated sources. ‘American National Standards Institute (ANS!) 11 West 42nd street New York, NY 10036 ANSV/ASME B15.1-2000 Safety Standard for Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus ‘American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 ASTM 0149-81 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies © Copyright 2001 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association.MG 2-2001 Page 2 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)" 3 Rue de Varembé, CP 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland IEC 60034 (Series) Rotating Electrical Machines National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847 Rosslyn, VA 22209 NEMA MG 1-198 Motors and Generators NEMA MG 10-2001 Energy Management Guide for Selection and Use of Polyphase Motors NEMA Application Guide for AC Adjustable Speed Drive Systems National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA 02269 ANSIINFPA 70-2002 National Electrical Code Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL) 333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook, IL 60062 ANSI/UL 674-1994 Electric Motors and Generators for Use in Hazardous Locations, Class ! Groups C and D, Class ll Groups E, F, and G 3. GENERAL Construction of rotating machines alone can not assure safety in use. There is as great a need for safeguards in the selection, installation, and use of machines as there is for safeguards in their design and manufacture. The following recommendations are generally applicable but there may be situations where conflict with other safety measures or operational requirements will necessitate that these recommendations be modified. Where the above-mentioned safeguards and past experience of the user are not sufficient to serve as a guide, the manufacturer of the driven or driving equipment or the machine manufacturer, or both, should be consulted to develop further information. This further information should be considered by the user, his consultants, or others most familiar with the details of the application involved when making the final decision The importance of communication between manufacturer and user cannot be over-emphasized. The changes for preventing hazardous incidents and limiting their consequences are greatly improved when both user and manufacturer are correctly and fully informed with respect to the intended use and all environmental and operating conditions. Since such intended use and environmental and operating conditions are under the sole control of the user, who has the most complete knowledge of the intended use and the environmental and operating conditions, the user should select and install machines which will optimize safety in use. This guide is intended to assist the user in selection, installation, and use of electric machines. 4. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND METHODS OF COOLING Ventilation and other design considerations of machines frequently require openings in the exterior enclosures in the vicinity of uninsulated live metal parts, space heaters, or moving mechanical parts of the machine. Machine enclosures in general use are defined in 4.1 and 4.2. Details of international protection (IP) and methods of international cooling (IC) conform to IEC Standards. For further information, see NEMA Standards Publication MG1, Part 5 (IP Code) and Part 6 (IC Code). * Also available from ANSI © Copyright 2001 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association.MG 2-201 Page 3 4.1 Open Machine (1P00, ICo1) ‘An open machine is one having ventilating openings which permit passage of external cooling air over and around the windings of the machine. The term “open machine,” when applied in large apparatus without qualification, designates a machine having no restriction to ventilation other than that necessitated by mechanical construction. 4.1.1. Dripproof Machine (IP12, ICO1) ‘A dripproof machine is an open machine in which the ventilating openings are so constructed that successful operation is not interfered with when drops of liquid or solid particles strike or enter the enclosure at any angle from 0 to 15 degrees downward from the vertical.” The machine is protected against solid objects greater than 2 inches. 4.1.2 Splash-Proof Machine (IP13, IC01) A splash-proof machine is an open machine in which the ventilating openings are so constructed that successful operation is not interfered with when drops of liquid or solid particles strike or enter the enclosure at any angle not greater than 60 degrees downward from the vertical The machine is protected against solid objects greater than 2 inches. 4.1.3 Somi-Guarded Machine (IC01) ‘A semi-guarded machine is an open machine in which part of the ventilating openings in the machine, usually in the top half, are guarded as in the case of a “guarded machine” but the others are left open. 4.1.4 Guarded Machine (IC01) ‘A guarded machine is an open machine in which all openings giving direct access to live metal or rotating parts (except smooth rotating surfaces) are limited in size by the structural parts or by screens, baffles, grilles, expanded metal, or other means to prevent accidental contact with hazardous parts, The openings in the machine enclosure shall be such that (1) a probe such as that illustrated in Figure 1, when inserted through the openings, will not touch a hazardous rotating part; (2) a probe such as that illustrated in Figure 2 when inserted through the openings, will not touch film-coated wire; and (3) an articulated probe such as that illustrated in Figure 3, when inserted through the openings, will not touch an uninsulated live metal part 4.1.5. Dripproof Guarded Machine (IC01) ‘A dripproof guarded machine is a dripproof machine whose ventilating openings are guarded in accordance with 4.1.4. 4.1.6 Open Independently Ventilated Machine (1C06) ‘An open independently ventilated machine is one which is ventilated by means of a separate motor-driven blower mounted on the machine enclosure. Mechanical protection shall be as defined in 4.1.1 to 4.1.8, inclusive. This machine is sometimes known as a blower-ventilated machine, 41.7 Open Pipe-Ventilated Machine ‘An open pipe-ventilated machine is an open machine except that openings for the admission of the ventilating air are so arranged that inlet ducts or pipes can be connected to them. Open pipe-ventilated machines shall be self-ventilated (air circulated by means integral with the machine) (IC11) or force- " A method for demonstrating successful operation is: (1) by exposing the machine, with the machine at rest, to a spray of water at the specified angle and a rate no greater than 1 inch per hour for 1 hour, and (2) after exposure, by subjecting the windings to a high potential test of 50 percent of the nominal high potential test followed by a 15- ‘minute no-load operation at rated voltage. © Copyright 2001 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association.