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Week 4

The document details the analysis of a dataset containing automobile specifications, including columns like mpg, cylinders, and horsepower. It includes steps to handle missing values and outliers, specifically focusing on the 'horsepower' column where '?' indicates missing data. The document also shows the initial data loading and visualization using a boxplot for the 'mpg' variable.

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vyaswanthvelchuri
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14 views13 pages

Week 4

The document details the analysis of a dataset containing automobile specifications, including columns like mpg, cylinders, and horsepower. It includes steps to handle missing values and outliers, specifically focusing on the 'horsepower' column where '?' indicates missing data. The document also shows the initial data loading and visualization using a boxplot for the 'mpg' variable.

Uploaded by

vyaswanthvelchuri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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#WEEK4

#NAME: V.Vyaswanth

#Roll No : 23071A66K4

#23071A66K2
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

df=pd.read_csv("auto-mpg.csv")
df.head()

{"summary":"{\n \"name\": \"df\",\n \"rows\": 398,\n \"fields\": [\


n {\n \"column\": \"Unnamed: 0\",\n \"properties\": {\n
\"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 115,\n \"min\": 0,\n
\"max\": 397,\n \"num_unique_values\": 398,\n
\"samples\": [\n 198,\n 396,\n 33\
n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\":
\"mpg\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n
\"std\": 7.815984312565782,\n \"min\": 9.0,\n \"max\":
46.6,\n \"num_unique_values\": 129,\n \"samples\": [\n
17.7,\n 30.5,\n 30.0\n ],\n
\"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\
n },\n {\n \"column\": \"cylinders\",\n
\"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\":
1,\n \"min\": 3,\n \"max\": 8,\n
\"num_unique_values\": 5,\n \"samples\": [\n 4,\n
5,\n 6\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\":
\"displacement\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\":
\"number\",\n \"std\": 104.26983817119581,\n \"min\":
68.0,\n \"max\": 455.0,\n \"num_unique_values\": 82,\n
\"samples\": [\n 122.0,\n 307.0,\n 360.0\n
],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n
}\n },\n {\n \"column\": \"horsepower\",\n
\"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"category\",\n
\"num_unique_values\": 94,\n \"samples\": [\n
\"112\",\n \"?\",\n \"78\"\n ],\n
\"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\
n },\n {\n \"column\": \"weight\",\n \"properties\":
{\n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 846,\n
\"min\": 1613,\n \"max\": 5140,\n \"num_unique_values\":
351,\n \"samples\": [\n 3730,\n 1995,\n
2215\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\":
\"acceleration\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\":
\"number\",\n \"std\": 2.497555013249332,\n \"min\":
9.0,\n \"max\": 22.1,\n \"num_unique_values\": 89,\n
\"samples\": [\n 16.7,\n 15.8,\n 12.8\n
],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n
}\n },\n {\n \"column\": \"model year\",\n
\"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\":
3,\n \"min\": 70,\n \"max\": 82,\n
\"num_unique_values\": 13,\n \"samples\": [\n 81,\n
79,\n 70\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\":
\"origin\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n
\"std\": 0,\n \"min\": 1,\n \"max\": 3,\n
\"num_unique_values\": 3,\n \"samples\": [\n 1,\n
3,\n 2\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\": \"car
name\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"string\",\n
\"num_unique_values\": 305,\n \"samples\": [\n \"mazda
rx-4\",\n \"ford f108\",\n \"buick century luxus
(sw)\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n }\n ]\
n}","type":"dataframe","variable_name":"df"}

sns.boxplot(df['mpg'],orient='h')

<Axes: xlabel='mpg'>
1. Removing outliers / missing values
baddata = df[df['horsepower'] == '?']
baddata

{"summary":"{\n \"name\": \"baddata\",\n \"rows\": 6,\n \"fields\":


[\n {\n \"column\": \"Unnamed: 0\",\n \"properties\": {\n
\"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 143,\n \"min\": 32,\n
\"max\": 374,\n \"num_unique_values\": 6,\n \"samples\":
[\n 32,\n 126,\n 374\n ],\n
\"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\
n },\n {\n \"column\": \"mpg\",\n \"properties\": {\n
\"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 7.886951248739908,\n
\"min\": 21.0,\n \"max\": 40.9,\n \"num_unique_values\":
6,\n \"samples\": [\n 25.0,\n 21.0,\n
23.0\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\":
\"cylinders\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\":
\"number\",\n \"std\": 0,\n \"min\": 4,\n
\"max\": 6,\n \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n \"samples\":
[\n 6,\n 4\n ],\n \"semantic_type\":
\"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n
\"column\": \"displacement\",\n \"properties\": {\n
\"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 43.32204981299938,\n
\"min\": 85.0,\n \"max\": 200.0,\n
\"num_unique_values\": 6,\n \"samples\": [\n 98.0,\n
200.0\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\":
\"horsepower\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\":
\"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n \"samples\":
[\n \"?\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\":
\"weight\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n
\"std\": 504,\n \"min\": 1835,\n \"max\": 3035,\n
\"num_unique_values\": 6,\n \"samples\": [\n 2046\n
],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n
}\n },\n {\n \"column\": \"acceleration\",\n
\"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\":
2.212163345385387,\n \"min\": 14.3,\n \"max\": 20.5,\n
\"num_unique_values\": 6,\n \"samples\": [\n 19.0\n
],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n
}\n },\n {\n \"column\": \"model year\",\n
\"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\":
4,\n \"min\": 71,\n \"max\": 82,\n
\"num_unique_values\": 5,\n \"samples\": [\n 74\n
],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n
}\n },\n {\n \"column\": \"origin\",\n \"properties\":
{\n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 0,\n
\"min\": 1,\n \"max\": 2,\n \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n
\"samples\": [\n 2\n ],\n \"semantic_type\":
\"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n
\"column\": \"car name\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\":
\"string\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 6,\n \"samples\":
[\n \"ford pinto\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\":
\"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n }\n ]\
n}","type":"dataframe","variable_name":"baddata"}

arr= df['horsepower'].values
print(arr)

['130' '165' '150' '150' '140' '198' '220' '215' '225' '190' '170'
'160'
'150' '225' '95' '95' '97' '85' '88' '46' '87' '90' '95' '113' '90'
'215'
'200' '210' '193' '88' '90' '95' '?' '100' '105' '100' '88' '100'
'165'
'175' '153' '150' '180' '170' '175' '110' '72' '100' '88' '86' '90'
'70'
'76' '65' '69' '60' '70' '95' '80' '54' '90' '86' '165' '175' '150'
'153'
'150' '208' '155' '160' '190' '97' '150' '130' '140' '150' '112' '76'
'87' '69' '86' '92' '97' '80' '88' '175' '150' '145' '137' '150'
'198'
'150' '158' '150' '215' '225' '175' '105' '100' '100' '88' '95' '46'
'150' '167' '170' '180' '100' '88' '72' '94' '90' '85' '107' '90'
'145'
'230' '49' '75' '91' '112' '150' '110' '122' '180' '95' '?' '100'
'100'
'67' '80' '65' '75' '100' '110' '105' '140' '150' '150' '140' '150'
'83'
'67' '78' '52' '61' '75' '75' '75' '97' '93' '67' '95' '105' '72'
'72'
'170' '145' '150' '148' '110' '105' '110' '95' '110' '110' '129' '75'
'83' '100' '78' '96' '71' '97' '97' '70' '90' '95' '88' '98' '115'
'53'
'86' '81' '92' '79' '83' '140' '150' '120' '152' '100' '105' '81'
'90'
'52' '60' '70' '53' '100' '78' '110' '95' '71' '70' '75' '72' '102'
'150'
'88' '108' '120' '180' '145' '130' '150' '68' '80' '58' '96' '70'
'145'
'110' '145' '130' '110' '105' '100' '98' '180' '170' '190' '149' '78'
'88' '75' '89' '63' '83' '67' '78' '97' '110' '110' '48' '66' '52'
'70'
'60' '110' '140' '139' '105' '95' '85' '88' '100' '90' '105' '85'
'110'
'120' '145' '165' '139' '140' '68' '95' '97' '75' '95' '105' '85'
'97'
'103' '125' '115' '133' '71' '68' '115' '85' '88' '90' '110' '130'
'129'
'138' '135' '155' '142' '125' '150' '71' '65' '80' '80' '77' '125'
'71'
'90' '70' '70' '65' '69' '90' '115' '115' '90' '76' '60' '70' '65'
'90'
'88' '90' '90' '78' '90' '75' '92' '75' '65' '105' '65' '48' '48'
'67'
'67' '67' '?' '67' '62' '132' '100' '88' '?' '72' '84' '84' '92'
'110'
'84' '58' '64' '60' '67' '65' '62' '68' '63' '65' '65' '74' '?' '75'
'75'
'100' '74' '80' '76' '116' '120' '110' '105' '88' '85' '88' '88' '88'
'85' '84' '90' '92' '?' '74' '68' '68' '63' '70' '88' '75' '70' '67'
'67'
'67' '110' '85' '92' '112' '96' '84' '90' '86' '52' '84' '79' '82']

df.isnull().sum()

Unnamed: 0 0
mpg 0
cylinders 0
displacement 0
horsepower 0
weight 0
acceleration 0
model year 0
origin 0
car name 0
dtype: int64

df.replace('?',np.nan,inplace=True)
df.isnull().sum()

Unnamed: 0 0
mpg 0
cylinders 0
displacement 0
horsepower 6
weight 0
acceleration 0
model year 0
origin 0
car name 0
dtype: int64

q1=df.mpg.quantile(0.25)
q3=df.mpg.quantile(0.75)
iqr=q3-q1
ll=q1-(1.5)*iqr
ul=q3+(1.5)*iqr
upper=np.where(df['mpg']>=ul)
lower=np.where(df['mpg']<=ll)

print("upper outliers",upper)
print("lower outliers",lower)

upper outliers (array([322]),)


lower outliers (array([], dtype=int64),)

df.drop(upper[0],inplace=True)
print(df.shape)
df.drop(lower[0],inplace=True)
print(df.shape)

(397, 10)
(397, 10)

sns.boxplot(df['mpg'],orient='h')

<Axes: xlabel='mpg'>
newdf=df.dropna()
newdf.shape

(391, 10)

2.Inputing standard values


df2=pd.read_csv("auto-mpg.csv")
df2.head()
df2.shape

(398, 10)

sns.boxplot(df['acceleration'],orient='h')

<Axes: xlabel='acceleration'>
df2.plot(kind="scatter",x='acceleration',y='mpg')

<Axes: xlabel='acceleration', ylabel='mpg'>


q1=df2.acceleration.quantile(0.25)
q3=df2.acceleration.quantile(0.75)
IQR=q3-q1
IQR
LL=q1-1.5*IQR
UL=q3+1.5*IQR
upper = np.where(df2['acceleration'] > UL)
lower = np.where(df2['acceleration'] < LL)
med=df2['acceleration'].quantile(0.50)
print('q1=',q1,'median=',med,'q3=',q3,'iqr=',iqr)
print(ll,ul)
print('lower=',lower,'upper=',upper)

q1= 14.0 median= 15.5 q3= 17.0 iqr= 11.5


0.25 46.25
lower= (array([6]),) upper= (array([196, 209, 325, 328]),)

arr= df2['acceleration'].values

true_index = (arr > LL) & (arr < UL)


true_index

array([ True, True, True, True, True, True, False, True, True,
True, True, True, False, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, False,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, False, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, False, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, False, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, False, True, True, False, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True])

mid1=np.mean(df2['acceleration'][true_index])
mid1

np.float64(15.468240722430952)
false_index=~true_index # ~ is bool operator for inverse
df2['acceleration'].values[false_index]=mid1
print(np.where(df2['acceleration'] > UL))

(array([], dtype=int64),)

3. capping outliers with lower limit and


upper limit (using 5th percentile and 95th percentile)

df3=pd.read_csv('auto-mpg.csv')
df3.head()

{"summary":"{\n \"name\": \"df3\",\n \"rows\": 398,\n \"fields\":


[\n {\n \"column\": \"Unnamed: 0\",\n \"properties\": {\n
\"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 115,\n \"min\": 0,\n
\"max\": 397,\n \"num_unique_values\": 398,\n
\"samples\": [\n 198,\n 396,\n 33\
n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\":
\"mpg\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n
\"std\": 7.815984312565782,\n \"min\": 9.0,\n \"max\":
46.6,\n \"num_unique_values\": 129,\n \"samples\": [\n
17.7,\n 30.5,\n 30.0\n ],\n
\"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\
n },\n {\n \"column\": \"cylinders\",\n
\"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\":
1,\n \"min\": 3,\n \"max\": 8,\n
\"num_unique_values\": 5,\n \"samples\": [\n 4,\n
5,\n 6\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\":
\"displacement\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\":
\"number\",\n \"std\": 104.26983817119581,\n \"min\":
68.0,\n \"max\": 455.0,\n \"num_unique_values\": 82,\n
\"samples\": [\n 122.0,\n 307.0,\n 360.0\n
],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n
}\n },\n {\n \"column\": \"horsepower\",\n
\"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"category\",\n
\"num_unique_values\": 94,\n \"samples\": [\n
\"112\",\n \"?\",\n \"78\"\n ],\n
\"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\
n },\n {\n \"column\": \"weight\",\n \"properties\":
{\n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 846,\n
\"min\": 1613,\n \"max\": 5140,\n \"num_unique_values\":
351,\n \"samples\": [\n 3730,\n 1995,\n
2215\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\":
\"acceleration\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\":
\"number\",\n \"std\": 2.497555013249332,\n \"min\":
9.0,\n \"max\": 22.1,\n \"num_unique_values\": 89,\n
\"samples\": [\n 16.7,\n 15.8,\n 12.8\n
],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n
}\n },\n {\n \"column\": \"model year\",\n
\"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\":
3,\n \"min\": 70,\n \"max\": 82,\n
\"num_unique_values\": 13,\n \"samples\": [\n 81,\n
79,\n 70\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\":
\"origin\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n
\"std\": 0,\n \"min\": 1,\n \"max\": 3,\n
\"num_unique_values\": 3,\n \"samples\": [\n 1,\n
3,\n 2\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\": \"car
name\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"string\",\n
\"num_unique_values\": 305,\n \"samples\": [\n \"mazda
rx-4\",\n \"ford f108\",\n \"buick century luxus
(sw)\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n }\n ]\
n}","type":"dataframe","variable_name":"df3"}

max_threshold=df3['mpg'].quantile(0.95)
min_threshold=df3['mpg'].quantile(0.05)
print(max_threshold,min_threshold)
print(df3.loc[[322]])

37.029999999999994 13.0
Unnamed: 0 mpg cylinders displacement horsepower weight \
322 322 46.6 4 86.0 65 2110

acceleration model year origin car name


322 17.9 80 3 mazda glc

df3['mpg']=np.where(df3['mpg']>max_threshold,max_threshold,

np.where(df3['mpg']<min_threshold,min_threshold,df3['mpg']))
# this command finds the values and also replaces them

sns.boxplot(df3['mpg'],orient='h')

<Axes: xlabel='mpg'>

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