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8 Data Analysis

The document outlines the processes of data processing in quantitative and qualitative research studies, focusing on editing and coding. It details steps for developing a code book, pre-testing it, coding data, and verifying the coded data. Additionally, it highlights the importance of identifying themes in qualitative studies and integrating them into the final report.

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19 views11 pages

8 Data Analysis

The document outlines the processes of data processing in quantitative and qualitative research studies, focusing on editing and coding. It details steps for developing a code book, pre-testing it, coding data, and verifying the coded data. Additionally, it highlights the importance of identifying themes in qualitative studies and integrating them into the final report.

Uploaded by

harshvijayarora
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Analysis and

Interpretation
LECTURE 8
18MS3104 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND IPR
Data Processing in quantitative studies
 Editing
Check the content for completeness
Check the response for internal consistency
Coding
 Deals with measurement scale used in research
 How the results need to displayed
Editing
By inference – Certain questions in a research instrument may be related
to one another and it might be possible to find out the answer to one question
from the answer to another.

By recall – If the data is collected by means of interviews, sometimes it


might be possible for the interviewer to recall a respondent’s answers.

By going back to the respondent – If the data has been


collected by means of interviews or the questionnaires contain some identifying
information
Two ways of Editing
 Examine all the answers to one question or
variable at a time;
 Examine all the responses given to all the
questions by one respondent at a time.
Coding
Step I: Developing a code book;
Step II: Pre-testing the code book;
Step III: Coding the data;
Step IV: Verifying the coded data.
Step 1: Developing a code book
A code book provides a set of rules for assigning
numerical values to answers obtained from
respondents.
Step 2: Pre-testing the code book
A pre-test involves selecting a few questionnaires/interview
schedules and actually coding the responses to ascertain
any problems in coding.
It is possible that you may not have provided for some
responses and therefore will be unable to code them.
Change your code book, if you need to, in light of the pre-
test.
Step 3: Coding the data
Once your code book is finalized, the next step is to code the raw
data. There are three ways of doing this:
1. coding on the questionnaires/interview schedule itself, if space for
coding was provided at the time of constructing the research
instrument;
2. coding on separate code sheets that are available for purchase;
3. coding directly into the computer using a program such as SPSSx,
SAS.
Step 4: Verifying the coded data
Develop a frame of analysis
 which variables you are planning to analyse;
 how they should be analysed;
 what cross-tabulations you need to work out;
 which variables you need to combine to construct your major
concepts or to develop indices (in
 formulating a research problem concepts are changed to variables –
at this stage change them back to concepts);
 which variables are to be subjected to which statistical procedures.
Data processing in qualitative studies
o Identify the main themes
o Assign codes to the main themes
o Classify responses under the main themes
o Integrate themes and responses into the text
of your report.

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