I'll explain all the libraries used in our College Prediction System in a simple and easy-to-understand
way.
# Libraries Used in Our Project
## 1. **Flask** - Web Application Framework
```python
from flask import Flask, request, render_template, redirect, url_for, session
```
**Purpose**: Creates our website/application
**Simple Explanation**:
- Like a framework to build websites
- Handles user requests (when someone clicks buttons)
- Shows web pages
- Manages user sessions (remembers user's choices)
**Real Example from Our Code**:
```python
# Create our website
app = Flask(__name__)
# Create a page that shows college recommendations
@app.route('/results')
def results():
recommendations = session.get('recommendations', [])
return render_template('results.html', colleges=recommendations)
```
## 2. **Pandas** - Data Management
```python
import pandas as pd
```
**Purpose**: Handles all our data (college information, cutoffs, etc.)
**Simple Explanation**:
- Like Excel for programming
- Stores data in tables
- Makes it easy to filter and sort data
- Helps clean and organize data
**Real Example from Our Code**:
```python
# Load college data from a file
df = pd.read_csv('college_data.csv')
# Filter colleges in Mumbai
mumbai_colleges = df[df['location'] == 'Mumbai']
# Clean the data
df['college_name'] = df['college_name'].str.strip()
```
## 3. **Scikit-learn** - Machine Learning
```python
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor
from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder
```
**Purpose**: Makes predictions about college cutoffs
**Simple Explanation**:
- Like a smart calculator that learns from past data
- Helps predict future cutoffs
- Converts text data into numbers
- Tests how good our predictions are
**Real Example from Our Code**:
```python
# Create our prediction model
model = RandomForestRegressor(n_estimators=100)
# Train the model with past data
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
# Make predictions
predicted_cutoff = model.predict(new_data)
```
## 4. **PyPDF2** - PDF Processing
```python
from PyPDF2 import PdfReader
```
**Purpose**: Reads data from PDF files
**Simple Explanation**:
- Helps read information from PDF documents
- Extracts text from PDFs
- Makes PDF data usable in our program
**Real Example from Our Code**:
```python
# Read a PDF file
reader = PdfReader(pdf_path)
# Get text from each page
for page in reader.pages:
text = page.extract_text()
```
## 5. **Pickle** - Model Saving
```python
import pickle
```
**Purpose**: Saves and loads our trained model
**Simple Explanation**:
- Like saving a file on your computer
- Saves our trained prediction model
- Can load the model later without retraining
**Real Example from Our Code**:
```python
# Save our trained model
with open('model.pkl', 'wb') as f:
pickle.dump(model, f)
# Load our saved model
with open('model.pkl', 'rb') as f:
model = pickle.load(f)
```
## 6. **NumPy** - Numerical Computing
```python
import numpy as np
```
**Purpose**: Handles mathematical calculations
**Simple Explanation**:
- Helps with math operations
- Works with arrays of numbers
- Makes calculations faster
**Real Example from Our Code**:
```python
# Calculate average cutoff
average_cutoff = np.mean(cutoffs)
# Create array of predictions
predictions = np.array(predicted_cutoffs)
```
## How These Libraries Work Together
Let's see how these libraries work together in our project:
1. **Data Collection**:
```python
# PyPDF2 reads PDF files
reader = PdfReader(pdf_path)
text = page.extract_text()
# Pandas organizes the data
df = pd.DataFrame(college_data)
```
2. **Data Processing**:
```python
# Pandas cleans the data
df = df.drop_duplicates()
df['cutoff'] = pd.to_numeric(df['cutoff'])
# Scikit-learn prepares data for prediction
encoder = OneHotEncoder()
encoded_data = encoder.fit_transform(features)
```
3. **Model Training**:
```python
# Scikit-learn trains the model
model = RandomForestRegressor(n_estimators=100)
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
# Pickle saves the trained model
with open('model.pkl', 'wb') as f:
pickle.dump(model, f)
```
4. **Making Predictions**:
```python
# Scikit-learn makes predictions
predicted_cutoff = model.predict(new_data)
# NumPy helps with calculations
probability = np.mean(predictions)
```
5. **Showing Results**:
```python
# Flask shows results on website
@app.route('/results')
def results():
return render_template('results.html',
predictions=predictions)
```
## Simple Real-World Example
Let's say a student wants to check their chances of getting into a college:
1. **User Enters Data** (Flask):
```python
@app.route('/step1', methods=['POST'])
def step1():
marks = float(request.form.get('marks', 0))
session['user_marks'] = marks
```
2. **Process Data** (Pandas):
```python
# Filter relevant colleges
filtered_colleges = df[df['branch'] == 'Computer Science']
```
3. **Make Prediction** (Scikit-learn):
```python
# Predict cutoff
predicted_cutoff = model.predict(student_data)
```
4. **Calculate Probability** (NumPy):
```python
# Calculate admission chance
probability = np.mean([predicted_cutoff, student_marks])
```
5. **Show Result** (Flask):
```python
return render_template('results.html',
probability=probability)
```
Each library has its special job:
- Flask: Makes the website work
- Pandas: Handles all the data
- Scikit-learn: Makes predictions
- PyPDF2: Reads PDF files
- Pickle: Saves our trained model
- NumPy: Helps with calculations
Together, they create a complete system that helps students predict their chances of getting into
different colleges!
