Grade 9 Filipino 1st Quarter Summarized Reviewer
1. Wika at Gramatika (Language and Grammar)
1.1 Mga Uri ng Pangungusap (Types of Sentences)
● Pulong na Pangungusap (Declarative Sentences): These sentences state a fact,
idea, or thought. They end with a period (tuldok). Example: Ang araw ay sumisikat sa
silangan.
Explanation: It provides information and simply makes a statement.
● Patanong na Pangungusap (Interrogative Sentences): These sentences ask a
question and always end with a question mark (tandang pananong). Example: Anong
oras na?
Explanation: These are used to gather information or express inquiry.
● Pautos na Pangungusap (Imperative Sentences): These are sentences that give
commands, requests, or instructions. They can end with a period or an exclamation
point. Example: Mag-aral ka ng mabuti.
Explanation: Used to give directives or requests.
● Pangungusap na Panang-ayon (Exclamatory Sentences): These sentences express
strong emotions or reactions, often ending with an exclamation point (tandang
padamdam). Example: Ang ganda ng araw ngayon!
Explanation: These express excitement, surprise, or other intense feelings.
1.2 Mga Bahagi ng Pangungusap (Parts of a Sentence)
● Simuno (Subject): The subject is the focus of the sentence. It tells us who or what the
sentence is about. Example: Ang bata ay nag-aaral.
Explanation: "Ang bata" (the child) is the subject of the sentence, and it is the one
performing the action.
● Panaguri (Predicate): The predicate tells us what the subject is doing or what is
happening to the subject. Example: Ang bata ay nag-aaral.
Explanation: "Nag-aaral" (is studying) is the predicate, showing the action performed by
the subject.
1.3 Mga Salitang Magkasingkahulugan at Magkasalungat (Synonyms and Antonyms)
● Magkasingkahulugan (Synonyms): These are words that have the same or similar
meanings. For example, mabilis (fast) and matulin (swift).
Explanation: Knowing synonyms helps in varying your language use, making
communication more interesting and precise.
● Magkasalungat (Antonyms): These are words that have opposite meanings. For
example, mataas (high) and mababa (low).
Explanation: Understanding antonyms helps clarify meaning and contrast ideas.
1.4 Paggamit ng Wastong Bantas (Use of Punctuation Marks)
● Tuldok (Period): This punctuation mark is used to end a declarative sentence. Example:
Siya ay magaling magturo.
Explanation: A period indicates the end of a complete thought or statement.
● Tandang Pananong (Question Mark): This punctuation mark is used at the end of an
interrogative sentence to indicate that a question is being asked. Example: Ano ang
iyong pangalan?
Explanation: A question mark signals a query that requires a response.
● Tandang Padamdam (Exclamation Point): This punctuation mark expresses strong
emotions, surprise, or urgency. Example: Ang ganda ng iyong damit!
Explanation: An exclamation point emphasizes excitement, emotion, or urgency in a
statement.
2. Pagbasa at Pag-unawa (Reading and Comprehension)
2.1 Pagkilala sa mga Uri ng Teksto (Types of Texts)
● Tekstong Naratibo (Narrative Text): These texts tell a story, usually with characters,
setting, and events. They have a clear beginning, middle, and end. Examples: Alamat
(Legends), Maikling Kwento (Short Stories).
Explanation: Narrative texts focus on storytelling and are often written to entertain or
convey cultural stories.
● Tekstong Deskriptibo (Descriptive Text): This type of text provides detailed
descriptions of people, places, objects, or events. Example: Paglalarawan ng isang
tanawin (Description of a scenery).
Explanation: Descriptive texts paint a picture in the reader’s mind using sensory details
(sight, sound, smell, etc.).
● Tekstong Argumentatibo (Argumentative Text): These texts present arguments and
persuade the reader to accept a particular point of view. Examples: Editoryal (Editorial),
Liham ng Pagtutol (Letter of Protest).
Explanation: Argumentative texts are written to influence opinions and often include
facts, reasons, and evidence to support the writer's position.
● Tekstong Impormatibo (Informative Text): These are texts that aim to inform the
reader about a particular topic. Examples: Balita (News), Pananaliksik (Research).
Explanation: Informative texts focus on facts and provide explanations or instructions
about real-world subjects.
2.2 Pag-unawa sa mga Detalye ng Binasa (Understanding Reading Details)
● Paghahanap ng Pangunahing Ideya (Main Idea): Identifying the central or most
important idea of the text.
Explanation: This involves determining what the author is trying to convey in the overall
text or in specific sections.
● Pagsusuri ng Konteksto (Context Clues): Using surrounding words or phrases to
understand the meaning of unfamiliar words.
Explanation: Context clues help readers guess the meaning of new words without
needing a dictionary.
● Pagkilala sa Layunin ng Manunulat (Author's Purpose): Understanding the reason
why the author wrote the text—whether to inform, entertain, persuade, or express
feelings.
Explanation: Identifying the author's purpose helps readers understand the tone, style,
and approach of the text.
3. Panitikan (Literature)
3.1 Mga Anyong Pampanitikan (Forms of Literature)
● Allegory: A story or poem in which characters, events, or settings represent abstract
ideas or moral qualities.
Explanation: Allegories often convey deeper meanings about life, morality, or society,
using symbolic characters and plots.
● Alamat (Legend): A traditional story, typically involving supernatural events or
characters, that explains the origin of a natural feature, place, or tradition. Example:
Alamat ng Pinya (Legend of the Pineapple).
Explanation: Legends are often passed down through generations to preserve cultural
beliefs and values.
● Tulang Liriko (Lyric Poetry): Poetry that expresses personal thoughts, feelings, and
emotions, often in a musical or rhythmic way. Examples: Soneto, Oda, Awit.
Explanation: Lyric poetry is known for its emotional expression and is often used to
express the poet's personal feelings about love, nature, or life.
● Maikling Kwento (Short Story): A brief fictional narrative, typically focusing on a single
event or character, and ending with a resolution or moral.
Explanation: Short stories are concise and aim to evoke emotional responses from the
reader in a limited number of words.
3.2 Mga Elemento ng Panitikan (Elements of Literature)
● Tauhan (Characters): The people or beings in the story who carry out the actions.
Explanation: Characters are essential to the development of the plot and theme.
● Tagpuan (Setting): The time and place where the story happens.
Explanation: The setting influences the atmosphere, mood, and context of the story.
● Banghay (Plot): The sequence of events that make up the story.
Explanation: The plot typically follows a structure, such as exposition (introduction),
rising action (conflict), climax (turning point), falling action (events leading to resolution),
and denouement (final resolution).
● Tema (Theme): The central message or lesson of the story.
Explanation: The theme often reflects the author's views on life and society.
● Tunggalian (Conflict): The struggle between opposing forces in the story, which can be
internal (within a character's mind) or external (between characters, nature, or society).
Explanation: Conflict drives the narrative forward and is crucial in shaping the
development of characters and plot.
3.3 Mga Estilo ng Pagsusulat (Writing Styles)
● Pagtutulad (Simile): A comparison between two different things using the words "tulad
ng" or "parang" (like or as). Example: Parang bituin ang kanyang mga mata.
Explanation: Similes help make descriptions more vivid and relatable.
● Metapora (Metaphor): A direct comparison between two unlike things, without using
"like" or "as." Example: Ang buhay ay isang paglalakbay.
Explanation: Metaphors create strong imagery by equating two different elements,
offering deeper layers of meaning.
● Personipikasyon (Personification): Giving human qualities to non-human things or
abstract concepts. Example: Ang mga puno ay nagsalita.
Explanation: Personification brings inanimate objects or concepts to life, making them
more relatable and meaningful.
4. Pagsusuri ng mga Akda (Literary Analysis)
4.1 Pagsusuri ng Tema (Analyzing the Theme)
● Tema ng Akda (Theme of the Work): The underlying message or moral lesson
presented in the text. It could relate to universal topics such as love, conflict, or human
nature.
Explanation: Understanding the theme helps interpret the deeper meaning behind the
events and characters in the story.
4.2 Pagsusuri ng Tauhan (Character Analysis)
● Pangunahing Tauhan (Protagonist): The main character, usually the one who
undergoes significant changes or faces a key challenge.
Explanation: The protagonist's journey and development drive the plot and highlight the
themes.
● Kontra-tauhan (Antagonist): The character or force that opposes the protagonist,
creating conflict and tension in the story.
Explanation: The antagonist is often essential for highlighting the protagonist's qualities
and motivating the plot.
