International Journal of Innovative Technology and Interdisciplinary Sciences

www .IJITIS.org
ISSN: 2613-7305
Volume 3, Issue 2, pp. 429-434, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15157/IJITIS.2020.3.2.429-434
Received February 20, 2020; Accepted April 12, 2020

Ultrasonic based easy parking system based on Microcontroller

Badri Narayan Mohapatra *a1, Rashmita Kumari Mohapatra b2, Manthan
Mirpagar & Altamashali Quershi c1
1
Department of Instrumentation Engineering
AISSMS IOIT, Savitribai Phule Pune University, 411001 Pune, INDIA
2
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication,
TCET Mumbai, Mumbai University, 400101 Thakur Village, INDIA
*a [email protected]; b [email protected]; c [email protected]
& [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The prime objective of this research is to avoid collision and reliable vehicle parking
system. Ultrasonic sensor plays a vital role in grain level filling in a container because
fill level is calculated by measuring the distance information. Parking sensor system use
either electromagnetic or ultrasonic sensor which alert the driver about the obstacles in
the path while parking. Basically, the sensor detects the nearby objects. It will be help in
terms of unplanned parking, also one kind of wasting time and wasting fuel. So, in a
short time one could easily find a parking slot with low consuming fuel. Principally,
drivers are frustrated while waiting for the parking for a longer time. Therefore, this
challenge can be possible through the ultrasonic sensor.
Keywords: Microcontroller; ultrasonic sensor; distance; parking system; led indicator.

1. INTRODUCTION
Day to day huge no of vehicles usage and for this reason it is quite difficult to find a
vacant place for parking a four-wheeler. Development and research being done on this
parking management system.
This study covers only the basic low cost as well as design suitable also prefer
choice able for this ultrasonic based parking system. There are different existing of
vehicle detection sensor technology are available like microwave, radar, active infrared
sensor, RFID also passive infrared sensor. The ultrasonic sensors are used for many
applications like level, distance, position and diameter. Basically, the sensor emits
acoustic waves each time through a control unit it measures the reflected signal and
calculated the distance through that control unit. As per the setting in the
microcontroller coding, alarm can be toned when distance is less between the target.
Both receiving and sending signal can be handled in the control unit. As IR and
Ultrasonic are low cost so maximum preference goes to that sensor.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
GP2YoA21YKOF IR sensor used for distance measurement, it is interfacing to
microcontroller [1]. An ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine distance and it is
basically used in Security, Garage, Pumping System, Corridor, Lift [2].

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Table 1. Technical specification.

Parameters IR sensor Ultrasonic sensor
GP2YOA21YKOF (HC SR-04)
Range 10 cm to 80 cm 2cm to 10 m
Beam Pattern Narrow conical
Beam width 75deg 30deg
Frequency 353 THZ 40KHZ
Unit Cost 750 INR 130 INR

Figure 1. Basic block diagram for parking system

Many public places specially in metropolitician like hospita, offices, malls and in
different market areas four wheller parking is a crucial problem. Even in industry the
importance of ultrasonic sensor is more [3]. Single chip through circuit connection can
easily calculate distance by using sensor [4].

Particularly in rush hours it is quite difficult to the driver to find a suitable space for
parking the vehicle. No doubt human eyes play a vital role for the finding of parking
space. The driver must have to know two things one as availability second one is the
space. Figure 1 describes the basic block diagram for proposed low cost system.

3. DESCRIPTION
Now a days through video and image as well as RFID based systems are used. But due
to expensive and high cost for maintenance and installation, ultrasonic sensor is highly
preferable by looking to the cost effective, reliable and accurate result. Basically,
ultrasonic sensor-based parking monitoring process is easiest. No doubt IOT platform
will may give great potential to the parking system. Due to rapid increase of private
vehicular parking stand in most cities. To reduce traffic congestion, they normally
preferred the low cost so that they can make a good earn with less investment.

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Real time implementation can be delivered when there will be target near to the
ultrasonic sensor. the microcontroller-based distance measure by the ultrasonic sensor
will help this challenging task like finding space for parking in busy and crowed cities.
Improper parking making bad situation a lot and to reduce these factors as well as
conformation of object nearby can be shot out by ultrasonic sensor.

Figure 2. Flow chart for parking system

Figure 3. Simple toy parking in horizontal manner

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Figure 2 describe flowchart in normal parking system. Figure 3 describes the roadside
parking system, where there is no guidance will be there.

3.1 Parking Model

Many cases drivers are frustrated, and they might not know initially whether there is a
spot free or not for the parking of vehicle. Due to some time consuming, they even will
make interest to leave that place and searching another space.

3.1.1 Parking spaces

Weekends or public holidays, shopping complexes have given more emphasis on
parking vehicles [5]. Microcontroller based ultrasonic distance measurement is best
method and works satisfactory [6]. Parking on garages or it’s in road microcontroller
will help a lot to the users [7]. Without involving manual efforts and with reduce in time
efforts, one can easily finding out the vacant parking slot in the parking zone. ultrasonic
used parking system has advantages like it is very cheapest and one can make use in the
vehicle for obstacle detection.

3.1.2 ultrasonic transmitter and receiver

It offers basically the parking system as in terms of time savings and reliability which
convince the users and for all time [8]. By looking to the speed of the crowd due to
increase in population the basic ultrasonic sensor is required for easy parking system
[9].As for the entire world pollution make a major issue, so to reduce waste time this
ultrasonic based system is more preferable [10]. Sometimes it’s important of vehicle
speed and the turning radius [11]. Ultrasonic wave to travel from the place used i.e.
transmitter to the actual target after that the reflection,
back to the receiver located near the origin of the transmitter.

3.1.3 Display style

Microcontroller basically designed for low power consuming [12] and provides,
communication with high speed with addition to this ultrasonic sensor calculating the
time interval from this the distance can be marked [13] and basically it helps monitoring
the estimated distances [14]. Figure 4 indicates the logic of free space.

Figure 4. Simple logic behind the indication of LED in parking place

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For the marked value will be displaced in the LCD. In LCD of 16x2 means it have two
rows and 16 columns, so that total 32 characters can display.

In this we address the display issues by indicating LED like red and green colour for
clarity of the space. Green LED indicates vacancy i.e. one can park his /her vehicle and
red indicates occupancy So parking will be made easy and fast. This will also help to
environment by reducing carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles.

3.2 Circuit Connection

Figure 5 describe the use of proteus software before making any connection to
hardware. It gives the conformation about the model working condition. Here we
simply connect the ultrasonic sensor with microcontroller and LCD for the
displacement.

Figure 5. Simple proteus simulation for LCD display parking system

4. CONCLUSION
Normally this low cost ultrasonic based parking system can be installed in big malls,
underground parking areas of flats, commercial buildings also in parking lots of offices.
Space reservation can be conformed through LED light. So this light system can be
helped for the space availability. Once the driver is arrived to the required spot then he/
she can easily make visible about the LED indication and from this they can ensure
about the free space. If the overall system is connected to the gate for parking system. It
is easily make one to find their choice for the parking.

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