Gears are toothed members which transmit power or motion
between two shaft ,by meshing with out any slip .Hence gear drives
are positive drive
Nomenclature
Smaller Gear is Pinion and Larger one is the gear
In most application the pinion is the driver, This reduces speed
but it increases torque.
If gear is the driver ,it results in Increase the speed but
decreases the torque
Types of Gears
According to the position of axes of the shafts
• Parallel
Spur
Helical
Rack and Pinion
• Intersecting
Bevel Gear
• Non intersecting
Worm and worm wheel
Hypoid gears
Spur Gears
• Used in transmitting torque between parallel shafts
• Simplest type
• Teeth are cut parallel to shaft axis
• Easy to manufacture
• In order to have uniform motion ,
transmission of power the tooth profile
must be involute
. Used for high speed and high load applications
Applications: clocks, motor cycles
Helical Gear
• Used in transmitting torque between parallel shafts
• Teeth are cut at an angle with the shaft axis
• Helical gears can be meshed in parallel or crossed orientations
• The mating gears should have same helix angle but in opposite
directions for proper mating.
• The angled teeth engage more gradually than spur gear teeth,
causing them to run more smoothly and quietly.
high accuracy can be obtained
. Compared to spur gear , the efficiency is lower in helix angle
used for high power ,high speed transmissions
Applications : printing industry earth moving industry , railway industry
• Due to helix angle, creates thrust on gear, thus requires a thrust bearing
Double Helical Gear
• Double helical gears are called herringbone
gears
• The unique tooth structure of a herring bone
gear consists of to two adjoining, opposite
helixes that appears in the shape of letter v
• It nullifies the axial thrust
• Applications: cranes fluid pumps
Rack and pinion
• If one of the gears has infinite diameter,
Rack and pinion arrangement
Used to convert rotation into linear
movement or vice versa
Bevel gears
• Bevel gears are gears where the axes of the two shafts intersect and
the tooth-bearing faces of the gears themselves are conically shaped.
Bevel gears are most often mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart
• Mitre gears are a type of bevel gears that have equal numbers of teeth.
The shafts are positioned at right angles from each other
Worm and Worm Gear
• Used for high Gear ratios
• Transmits power to non parallel non intersecting shafts
• Driving element is screw called worm & driven element (helical gear) is
worm wheel
• Direction of transmission (input shaft vs output shaft)
is not reversible when using large reduction ratios
• Used in wiper motors
Hypoid gears
• Transmits power to non parallel non
intersecting shafts
• It is similar to bevel gear but axis of the shaft
does not intersect and are separated with an
offset distance
• Applications used in helicopters and rear axial
differential
Types of gears
15
Classification based upon velocity of
gear
Low velocity gears: gears will have velocity
less than 3 m/s
medium velocity gears: gears will have velocity
3 -15m/s
High velocity gears: gears will have velocity
greater than 15 m/s
Classification based upon type of
gearing
1.External gearing
2.Internal gearing
3.Rack and pinion
Classification based upon position of
teeth on gear
1.Straight
2.Inclined
3.curved
Gear Terminology
Pitch circle is the imaginary circle on the gear about which it may be
supposed to roll without slipping with pitch circle of another gear
