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CompTIA | 220-1102: CompTIA A+

Configuring Networking Settings on a Windows
Device
Exercises
Introduction
Lab Topology
Exercise 1 - Windows Workgroups vs. Windows Domains
Exercise 2 - Local OS Firewall Settings
Exercise 3 - Configuration of a Client Network
Exercise 4 - Network Connections
Exercise 5 - Other Network Connections
Review

Introduction
Tags: A+ Workgroup Domain OS Firewall IP Addressing DNS
Subnet Mask VPN Proxy Metered Connections

Welcome to the Configuring Networking Settings on a Windows Device

Practice Lab. In this module, you will be provided with the instructions and
devices needed to develop your hands-on skills.

Learning Outcomes
In this module, you will complete the following exercises:

Exercise 1 - Windows Workgroups vs. Windows Domains

Exercise 2 - Local OS Firewall Settings
Exercise 3 - Configuration of a Client Network
Exercise 4 - Network Connections
Exercise 5 - Other Network Connections

After completing this module, you should be able to:

Identify Workgroup and Domain Setup

View Shared Resources in a Network
View Shared Printers on the Network
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View Mapped Drives

View Firewall Configuration
Configure Application Permissions, Restrictions, and Exceptions
View the Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing Scheme
Find the Subnet Mask
Identify Default Gateway
Know how Domain Name Service Works
Know the Difference between Static and Dynamic Addressing
Create a Virtual Private Network (VPN) Connection
View Wired Connections
View the Settings of a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)
View Proxy Settings
Navigate File Explorer
Set a Metered Connection

After completing this module, you should have further knowledge of:

File Servers
Wireless Connection
Public vs. Private Networks

Exam Objectives
The following exam objectives are covered in this module:

1.6 Given a scenario, configure Microsoft Windows networking features on a

client/desktop

Workgroup vs. domain setup

Local OS firewall settings
Client network configuration
Establish network connections
Proxy settings
Public network vs. private network
File Explorer navigation - network paths
Metered connections and limitations

Lab Duration
It will take approximately 1 hour and 15 minutes to complete this lab.

Help and Support

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For more information on using Practice Labs, please see our Help and Support
page. You can also raise a technical support ticket from this page.

Click Next to view the Lab topology used in this module.

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Lab Topology
During your session, you will have access to the following lab configuration.

Depending on the exercises, you may or may not use all of the devices, but they
are shown here in the layout to get an overall understanding of the topology of
the lab.

PLABDC01 - (Windows Server 2019 - Domain Controller)

PLABWIN10 - (Windows 10 - Domain Member Workstation)
PLABWIN11 - (Windows 11 - Domain Member Workstation)
PLABSUSE - (SUSE - Standalone Server)
PLABUBUNTU - (Ubuntu - Standalone Server)
PLABANDROID - (Android OS - Android Device)

Click Next to proceed to the first exercise.

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Exercise 1 - Windows Workgroups vs. Windows

Domains
Workgroups

When working in a Microsoft Windows network environment, there are two major
types of networks that you will deal with. The first and simplest is the Windows
Workgroup. Workgroups are still very popular with smaller businesses and
organizations. Workgroups do not have a central controlling server and do not
have network-wide user accounts and passwords. User accounts and passwords
are assigned to each machine a user might need to access. These are called
local accounts because they are only used on that particular local machine.
Resources are shared at the discretion of the owner or creator of the resource,
not of a central authority or network administrator. This type of network follows
the discretionary access control model and is inherently less secure than a
Domain.

Domains

The second type is the Windows Domain model. To set up Windows Domains, you
need at least one Windows Server acting as a Domain Controller (DC). In this
lab, PLABDC01 is a Windows Server that is configured as a Domain Controller.
The Domain Controller provides a central repository of network-wide user
accounts, passwords, permissions, other credentials and user information. This
database is based on the ISO x.500 standard or LDAP (Lightweight Directory
Access Protocol). Microsoft’s implementation of LDAP is called Active Directory
(AD).

Permissions are assigned using Group Policy. User Groups are created based on
Roles or other factors such as Organizational Units (OU) or departments.
Permissions are assigned to Groups, and then Users are assigned to one or more
of these Groups

Other important network services offered by the Domain Controller include IP

addressing using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and network
resource location using Domain Name Service (DNS).

In this exercise, you will learn about Windows Workgroups and Domains.

Learning Outcomes
After completing this exercise, you should be able to:

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Identify Workgroup and Domain Setup

View Shared Resources in a Network
View Shared Printers on the Network
View Mapped Drives

After completing this module, you should have further knowledge of:

File Servers

Your Devices
You will be using the following devices in this lab. Please power these on now.

PLABDC01 - (Windows Server 2019 - Domain Controller)

PLABWIN10 - (Windows 10 - Domain Member Workstation)
PLABWIN11 - (Windows 11 - Domain Member Workstation)

Task 1 - Identify Workgroup and Domain Setup

The Windows 10 system PLABWIN10 is joined to the Domain, while the Windows
11 Home Edition uses the Windows Workgroup.

In this task, you will learn to identify whether computer systems on a network
are using a Windows Workgroup or are joined to a Windows Domain.

Step 1
Connect to PLABWIN10.

Click on the Start charm and select Settings.

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Figure 1.1 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Settings from the Start menu.

Step 2
In the Settings window, click System.

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Figure 1.2 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting System in the Settings window.

Step 3
In the Settings window, click About on the left pane.

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Figure 1.3 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Settings window and selecting About from the left
pane.

Step 4
From the Settings - About pane, scroll down the page to the Related settings
section and select the Advanced system settings link.

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Figure 1.4 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Settings - About pane and selecting the Advanced
system settings link.

Step 5
In the System Properties dialog box, select the Computer Name tab.

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Figure 1.5 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the System Properties dialog box with the Computer
Name tab highlighted.

Step 6
Notice that the Domain is Practicelabs.com.

Click OK on the System Properties dialog box.

Close the Settings window.

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Figure 1.6 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the System Properties dialog box with the Computer
Name tab active. The domain is shown as Practicelabs.com, and the OK button is highlighted.

Step 7
Click on the Start charm and type the following:

Hyper-V Manager

Select Hyper-V Manager from the Best match pop-up menu.

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Figure 1.7 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Hyper-V Manager from the Best match pop-up
menu.

Step 8
In the Hyper-v Manager window, right click PLABWIN11HOME and select
Connect.

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Figure 1.8 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying right-clicking PLABWIN11HOME virtual machine and
selecting Connect in the Hyper-V Manager window.

Step 9
In the PLABWIN11HOME on PLABWIN10 - Virtual Machine Connection
window, click Start.

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Figure 1.9 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying clicking Start on the PLABWIN11HOME on PLABWIN10 -
Virtual Machine Connection window.

Step 10
Click anywhere on the screen to log in.

Type the following PIN:

7711

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Figure 1.10 Screenshot of PLABWIN11HOME on PLABWIN10 Virtual Machine: Displaying logging into the
virtual device with the specified PIN.

Step 11
Click on the Start charm, and select Settings.

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Figure 1.11 Screenshot of PLABWIN11HOME on PLABWIN10 Virtual Machine: Displaying selecting Settings
from the Start menu.

Step 12
In the Settings - System window, scroll down and click About.

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Figure 1.12 Screenshot of PLABWIN11HOME on PLABWIN10 Virtual Machine: Displaying clicking About in
the Settings - System window.

Step 13
From the Settings - System > About pane, click the Advanced system settings
link next to the Related links section.

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Figure 1.13 Screenshot of PLABWIN11HOME on PLABWIN10 Virtual Machine: Displaying clicking the
Advanced system settings link in the Settings - System > About pane.

Step 14
In the System Properties window, select the Computer Name tab.

Notice that on a Windows 11 Home edition, instead of a Domain, you have a

Workgroup named WORKGROUP.

Click OK.

Close the Settings window.

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Figure 1.14 Screenshot of PLABWIN11HOME on PLABWIN10 Virtual Machine: Displaying the System
Properties window with the Computer Name tame active. The workgroup is shown as Workgroup with the
OK button highlighted.

Step 15
Click the Close icon on the PLABWIN11HOME on PLABWIN10 virtual machine
connection bar.

Close the Hyper-V Manager window.

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Figure 1.15 Screenshot of PLABWIN11HOME on PLABWIN10 Virtual Machine: Displaying closing the
PLABWIN11HOME on PLABWIN10 virtual machine window.

Step 16
Connect to PLABDC01.

The Server Manager > Dashboard window will open on log-in.

Select Local Server on the left pane.

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Figure 1.16 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying the Server Manager window with Local Server selected
on the left pane.

Step 17
From the Server Manager > Local Server window, you can view the Computer
name and Domain and other useful information, such as the IP address on the
Ethernet 4 network interface.

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Figure 1.17 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying the Server Manager > Local Server window.

Step 18
Scroll down to the Roles and Features section.

Here, you can view the different Domain services provided by the PLABDC01
server in the Name column.

Click Dashboard to return to the main window.

Minimize the Server Manager window.

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Figure 1.18 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying the Server Manager > Local Server window.

Task 2 - View Shared Resources in a Network

The whole point of connecting computers, servers and other resources to a
network is so users can share resources and information. This can include files
and documents, printers, file servers and other online file storage devices,
application and web servers, database servers, connections to wireless and
other networks, as well as to the Internet.

In this task, you will view a shared resource in the network.

Step 1
Connect to PLABWIN10.

Click on the Start charm and type:

Control Panel

Select Control Panel from the Best match pop-up menu.

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Figure 1.19 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Control Panel from the Best match pop-up
menu.

Step 2
On the Control Panel window, select Network and Internet.

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Figure 1.20 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Network and Internet in the Control Panel
window.

Step 3
From the Network and Internet window, select Network and Sharing Center.

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Figure 1.21 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Network and Sharing Center in the Network
and Internet window.

Step 4
In the Network and Sharing Center window, click on the Change advanced
sharing settings link on the left pane.

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Figure 1.22 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying clicking on the Change advanced sharing settings link
in the Network and Sharing Center window.

Step 5
In the Advanced sharing settings window, expand the Domain field by clicking
on the downward arrow.

Select the Turn on network discovery option under the Network discovery
section.

Select the Turn on file and printer sharing option under the File and printer
sharing section.

Click Save changes.

Close the Network and Sharing Center window.

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Figure 1.23 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Advanced sharing settings window with the
required settings performed and the Save changes button highlighted.

Step 6
Open File Explorer from the taskbar.

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Figure 1.24 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying opening File Explorer from the taskbar.

Step 7
In the File Explorer window, select Network on the left pane.

Systems and devices attached to the network appear in the right details pane.
You will see a computer named tsclient.

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Figure 1.25 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Network folder with the computer tsclient shown on
the right details pane.

Note: In a larger network, the right-hand details pane will include a list of
computers and servers, media devices, multifunction devices, and network
infrastructure, including cable or DSL modems and wireless access points.
You can also have other devices such as IoT, printers, and scanners.

Close File Explorer.

The below image shows the different types of devices that can be available on a
network.

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Figure 1.26: Displaying the different devices that can be available in a network.

Task 3 - View Shared Printers on the Network

Printers represent one of the most frequently shared devices on a network. While
each user will probably need their own computer, many users can share a single
printer.

In the past, a printer would be directly attached to a computer or print server by

a cable such as a serial cable, a parallel cable such as a Centronics cable, or a
USB (Universal Serial Bus) cable.

Sharing a cable attached printer is possible using Windows File and Printer
Sharing. This feature can be enabled in the Control Panel/Network and Sharing
Center window.

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Now, most printers are directly connected to the network, either using a wired
Ethernet patch cable or a wireless connection to a wireless access point.
Technically, this type of connection is not “shared” in the sense that Microsoft
uses the concept of sharing. But this does provide a resource that many
computer users over the network can easily access.

In this task, you will view shared or network-connected printers on the network.

Step 1
Connect to PLABWIN10.

Click the Start charm and select Settings.

Figure 1.27 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Settings from the Start menu.

Step 2
In the Settings window, click Devices.

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Figure 1.28 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Devices in the Settings window.

Step 3
From the Settings window, click Printers & scanners on the left pane.

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Figure 1.29 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Printers & scanners in the Settings window.

Step 4
In the Settings - Printers & scanners pane, a list of available printers is shown.

The printers shown in the screenshot are virtual printers that come packaged
with the Windows operating system.

Select Microsoft Print to PDF and click Manage.

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Figure 1.30 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Settings - Printers & scanners pane. Manage is
selected for the Microsoft Print to PDF option.

Step 5
In the Microsoft Print to PDF window, click the Printer properties link.

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Figure 1.31 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying clicking the Printer properties link in the Microsoft Print
to PDF window.

Step 6
In the Microsoft Print to PDF Properties dialog box, click the Sharing tab.

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Figure 1.32 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying clicking the Sharing tab on the Microsoft Print to PDF
Properties dialog box.

Note: Notice that it cannot be shared since this is a virtual printer.

Step 7
Click the Security tab.

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Figure 1.33 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Microsoft Print to PDF Properties dialog box with
the Security tab active.

Note: Here, you can specify the type of printer permissions a group or user
can have.

Close all open windows.

Step 8
You can also view the printers available by navigating from the Control Panel
window.

Click on Start and type:

Control Panel

Select Control Panel from the Best match pop-up menu.

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Figure 1.34 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Control Panel from the Best match pop-up
menu.

Step 9
On the Control Panel window, select Hardware and Sound.

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Figure 1.35 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Hardware and Sound in the Control Panel
window.

Step 10
In the Hardware and Sound window, select Devices and Printers.

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Figure 1.36 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Devices and Printers in the Hardware and
Sound window.

Step 11
In the Devices and Printers window, you can Add a device or Add a printer
from the menu bar.

Notice that the Printers and Devices available in the system are shown.

Right-clicking on a printer icon reveals a context menu that allows you to do the
following tasks:

See what’s printing - Selecting this allows you to see all the documents in
the print queue.
Set as default printer - Windows can manage this function, but this allows
for a permanent selection based on personal preference or location.
Printer properties - This applet provides tools to share the printer over a
Windows Workgroup or assign permissions for the printer to Active Directory
Users and Groups.

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Printing preferences - This allows you to change printer settings for

black/white or color printing, paper size, and other printing parameters.
Create shortcut - This allows the user to place a printer icon on your
desktop.
Remove device - You can use this setting to remove the device from the
available list. It does not uninstall the printer drives and other software.
Troubleshoot - If the printer is malfunctioning, running the Windows
troubleshooting applet can sometimes identify the problem and assist with
repairs.
Properties - This window provides general information about the printer.

Figure 1.37 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Devices and Printers window.

Close the Devices and Printers window.

File Servers
File servers serve as large central storage repositories for documents, images,
and other computer-created work products. The advantages of centralizing
information storage are:

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Backup - It is easier to back up a single server or server cluster than many

individual My Document files on individual computers.
Access control - It is easier to assign permission and control access to a
single storage location.
File sharing - Several people or groups can share files from a central facility.
This also provides for easier version control and collaboration.
Remote access - Files in a file server can be made accessible from any
device on the network or even from the Internet. This can be useful for
business travelers and remote employees.
Security - It is easier to secure a single location.

Task 4 - View Mapped Drives

Mapped Drives allow users to easily find resources on a network, especially
shared folders or directories. Mapped drives are often used in Windows
Workgroup networks where there may not be a dedicated file server. They can
also be useful in a team, department, or project environment.

In this task, you will share a folder on PLABWIN11 and view the mapped folder
in PLABWIN10.

Step 1
Connect to PLABWIN11.

Open File Explorer from the Taskbar.

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Figure 1.38 Screenshot of PLABWIN11: Displaying opening File Explorer from the taskbar.

Step 2
In the File Explorer window, double-click on PLABWIN11HDD (E:) on the right
details pane.

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Figure 1.39 Screenshot of PLABWIN11: Displaying selecting the PLABWIN11HDD (E:) drive in the File
Explorer window.

Step 3
Right-click on Tools and select Properties.

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Figure 1.40 Screenshot of PLABWIN11: Displaying right-clicking on Tools and selecting Properties in the
File Explorer window.

Step 4
In the Tools Properties dialog box, click the Sharing tab.

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Figure 1.41 Screenshot of PLABWIN11: Displaying selecting the Sharing tab in the Tools Properties dialog
box.

Step 5
In the Sharing tab, click Share.

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Figure 1.42 Screenshot of PLABWIN11: Displaying clicking Share in the Sharing tab of the Tools Properties
dialog box.

Step 6
In the Network access window, you can choose the people on your network with
whom you can share the folder and its contents.

Click Cancel.

Close the File Explorer window.

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Figure 1.43 Screenshot of PLABWIN11: Displaying the Network access window with the Cancel button
highlighted.

Step 7
Next, you will find the shared drive on the PLABWIN10 device.

Connect to PLANWIN10.

Open File Explorer from the Taskbar.

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Figure 1.44 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying opening File Explorer from the taskbar.

Step 8
In the File Explorer window, select This PC on the left pane.

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Figure 1.45 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the File Explorer window with This PC selected on the
left pane.

Note: Notice under the Network locations section is the mapped drive (Z:)
located in \\plabwin11\z:, where PLABWIN11 is the device and Z: is the
drive letter assigned to the Tools folder.

Close all open windows.

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Exercise 2 - Local OS Firewall Settings

Firewalls come in two varieties: a local or host-based software firewall and a
hardware-based network firewall.

A hardware firewall is an appliance that connects to the network between the

gateway router or the Internet and the first switch on the local area network.
Hardware firewalls can either protect the entire Local Area Network (LAN) or a
specific part of the network, such as a demilitarized zone (DMZ) or a screened
subnet. Sometimes a larger network will have several hardware firewalls
protecting different network segments on the LAN.

A local or host-based software firewall only protects one computer or server and
provides the last point of protection in a layered network defense strategy. The
Windows operating system provides two built-in and related security
applications on Windows computers and servers: Windows Firewall and Windows
Defender Firewall. Software firewalls can be part of the commercial security
suites offered by companies. If third-party anti-malware products have been
installed, then the Windows provided products are usually disabled.

In this exercise, you will learn how to configure a firewall security application
such as the Windows Firewall.

Learning Outcomes
After completing this exercise, you should be able to:

View Firewall Configuration

Configure Application Permissions, Restrictions, and Exceptions

Your Devices
You will be using the following devices in this lab. Please power these on now.

PLABDC01 - (Windows Server 2019 - Domain Controller)

PLABWIN10 - (Windows 10 - Domain Member Workstation)
PLABWIN11 - (Windows 11 - Domain Member Workstation)

Task 1 - View Firewall Configuration

In this task, you will view the Firewall configuration settings of the Windows
Defender Firewall.

Step 1
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Connect to PLABDC01.

Restore the Server Manager window from the Taskbar.

Figure 2.1 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying opening Server Manager from the Taskbar.

Step 2
In the Server Manager window, select Local Server on the left pane.

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Figure 2.2 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying selecting Local Server in the Server Manager window.

Step 3
In the Server Manager > Local Server window, notice that the Windows
Defender Firewall is set to On under the PROPERTIES section.

Click on Public: On.

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Figure 2.3 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying selecting the Public: On link for Windows Defender Firewall
in the Server Manager > Local Server window.

Step 4
In the Windows Security - Firewall & network protection window, select the
Advanced settings link.

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Figure 2.4 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying selecting the Advanced settings link in the Windows
Security - Firewall & network protection window.

Step 5
Restore the Windows Defender Firewall with Advanced Security window from
the Taskbar.

In the Windows Defender Firewall with Advanced Security window, you can:

View and create firewall rules

Create Inbound and Outbound Rules
You can view existing Inbound and Outbound Rules on the Actions pane
Modify or delete existing rules

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Figure 2.5 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying the Windows Defender Firewall with Advanced Security
window.

Close all open windows.

Task 2 - Configure Application Permissions,

Restrictions, and Exceptions
In this task, you will learn to create permissions for applications.

Step 1
Connect to PLABWIN10.

Click on the Start charm and select Settings.

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Figure 2.6 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Settings from the Start menu.

Step 2
In the Settings window, click Update & Security.

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Figure 2.7 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Update & Security from the Settings window.

Step 3
In the Settings window, click Windows Security on the left pane.

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Figure 2.8 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying clicking Windows Security on the left pane in the
Settings window.

Step 4
From the Settings - Windows Security pane, select Firewall & network
protection.

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Figure 2.9 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Firewall & network protection in the Settings -
Windows Security pane.

Step 5
In the Windows Security - Firewall & network protection pane, click on the
Allow an app through firewall link.

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Figure 2.10 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting the Allow an app through firewall link on the
Windows Security - Firewall & network protection pane.

Step 6
The Allowed apps to communicate through Windows Defender Firewall
window opens.

Scroll through the Allowed apps and features pane. Here, a list of all the
installed applications and the respective permissions applied to them is shown.

Click Cancel.

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Figure 2.11 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Allowed apps to communicate through Windows
Defender Firewall window.

Close all open windows.

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Exercise 3 - Configuration of a Client Network

For computers to communicate with each other, all the hosts must be on the
same network. IP addressing provides a way to create large public networks
such as the Internet, local or private networks, network segments or subnets,
and virtual networks such as VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) and VPNs
(Virtual Private Networks).

There are two addressing schemes in use on today’s networks. One of the most
common is Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). It is still in use on many Local Area
Networks (LANs), although Wide Area public networking systems such as the
Internet have moved to the newer Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).

IPv4

IPv4 addresses use a 32-bit binary addressing system. To make it simpler to

read, instead of binary, an address notation scheme known as the dotted
decimal is used. For example, IP addresses used by machines, that is, binary,
such as 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000101, will be192.168.1.5 in dotted
decimal. IPv4 uses four sets of eight binary bits (4x8=32 bits) and is a 32-bit
addressing scheme. This provides a total of roughly 4 billion useable device
addresses.

At the beginning of the Internet era, poor resource allocation resulted in a

problem called address number exhaustion. For instance, there are over 22 billion
IoT devices. The Internet itself, including Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and
backbone system providers, comprises hundreds of thousands if not millions of
devices such as cable modems, DSL modems, firewalls, network management
devices, and Internet network routers, each requiring one or more IP addresses.

Issues with number exhaustion were solved temporarily by dividing the address
space into Public and Private networks. Private networks could be used to create
small to very large LAN networks. Private address ranges can be used by
anyone. The invention and implementation of Static Network Address Translation
(Static NAT or SNAT), Dynamic Address Translation (Dynamic NAT or DNAT), and
Port Address Translation (PAT) helped resolve issues caused by number
exhaustion. A local area network (LAN) could use a Private IP range internally
and then use NAT/PAT to translate all the Private IP addresses into one or more
Public IP addresses for routing over public networks like the Internet.
Nevertheless, addresses were still being exhausted, with the last remaining IPv4
internet address subnets assigned on November 25, 2019.

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IPv6

IPv6 was created to overcome the problems of number exhaustion in IPv4.

Instead of 32-bit binary addresses comprising 4 octets (4 x 8-bit segments)
separated by periods and expressed in dotted-decimal, IPv6 gives us a 128-bit
hexadecimal (base 16) address comprised of eight sets of 4 hexadecimal digits,
separated by a colon. An example of an IPv6 address is:
2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334. Hexadecimal or base 16 uses the
digits 0-9 and characters A, B, C, D, E, and F. The alphabetical characters are not
“letters” but stand for numerical values, as shown in the table below.

The below table shows a comparison of Decimal, Hexadecimal and Binary

numbers.

The address space is enormous and contains 340 undecillion IP addresses. The
below image shows several ways to express this number to understand the scope
of the address space.

IPv6 has several notation rules, sometimes called the “zero compression rules,”
to simplify and shorten these very larger numbers. Have a look at the below
example:

Initial address: 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329

After removing all leading zeros in each group: 2001:db8:0:0:0:ff00:42:8329
After omitting consecutive sections of zeros: 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329
You may only use the double colon :: once

Another example of zero compression is the IPv6 loopback address. The full
loopback address is: 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001. After the zero
compression rules are applied, removing all leading zeros and consecutive
sections of zeros, the loopback address in IPv6 will be ::1.

Learning Outcomes
After completing this exercise, you should be able to:

View the Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing Scheme

Find the Subnet Mask
Identify Default Gateway
Know how Domain Name Service Works
Know the Difference between Static and Dynamic Addressing

Your Devices
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You will be using the following devices in this lab. Please power these on now.

PLABDC01 - (Windows Server 2019 - Domain Controller)

PLABWIN10 - (Windows 10 - Domain Member Workstation)
PLABWIN11 - (Windows 11 - Domain Member Workstation)

Task 1 - Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing Scheme

There are many ways to discover the IP addressing information of a particular
server or host system.

In this task, you will view the Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing Scheme on the
PLABWIN10 and PLABDC01 devices.

Step 1
Connect to PLABWIN10.

Click on the Start charm and select Settings.

Figure 3.1 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying opening Settings from the Start menu.

Step 2
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In the Settings window, select Network & Internet.

Figure 3.2 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Network & Internet in the Settings window.

Step 3
In the Settings - Status pane, click the Properties button.

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Figure 3.3 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying clicking the Properties button in the Settings - Status
pane.

Step 4
In the Settings - Practicelabs.com window, you can view the IP settings.

There are five components to look at:

IP assignment: These are addresses that can be assigned automatically or

manually. The address has been assigned manually in this device: a static IP
address.
IPv4 address: The address of this system is 192.168.0.2. This is a 32-bit IPv4
address displayed in dotted decimal format.
IP subnet prefix length: This is given a value of 24. This is sometimes shown
as “slash notation”; that is, the address and subnet length is displayed as
192.168.0.2/24. 24 is the number of binary bits in the subnet mask. In binary,
the subnet mask would be displayed as 11111111 11111111 11111111
00000000. In dotted decimal, the subnet mask would be displayed as
255.255.255.0.

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IPv4 gateway: The address of the default gateway is 192.168.0.240.

Typically, the default gateway is given the first or last address in the
network. In this case, a random address in the network scope has been
given. The default gateway is the address of the router that can connect the
host to devices on other networks, such as the Internet. In SOHO networks,
the gateway is often the cable or DSL modem provided by the Internet
Service Provider (ISP).
IPv4 DNS servers: The DNS server address is 192.168.0.1. In this lab, the
PLABDC01 device has the address of 192.168.0.1. Usually, there are two to
four DNS servers. Sometimes the edge router or default gateway device is
also configured to provide domain name services as well. DNS or the
Domain Name Service resolves fully qualified domain names, or machine
names, to their IP addresses. DNS gives our computer system a way to find
resources on the local network, as well as other networks, including the
Internet.

Figure 3.4 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Settings - Practicelabs.com window.

Step 5

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Click on the Edit button under the IP settings section.

Figure 3.5 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying clicking the Edit button in the Settings -
Practicelabs.com window.

Step 6
In the Edit IP settings dialog box, you can modify the IP settings. The IPv6
address of the device can also be modified.

Click Cancel.

Close the Settings window.

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Figure 3.6 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Edit IP settings dialog box.

Step 7
Click the Start charm and type:

command prompt

Select Command Prompt from the Best match pop-up menu.

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Figure 3.7 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Command Prompt from the Best match pop-up
menu.

Step 8
In the Administrator: Command Prompt window, type the following command
and press Enter:

ipconfig

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Figure 3.8 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying typing and executing the ipconfig command in the
Administrator: Command Prompt window.

Note: This command will display the IP address, subnet mask, and default
gateway.

Step 9
Next, type the command:

ipconfig /all

Press Enter.

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Figure 3.9 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the command to view the complete details of the IP
addresses on the system entered and executed.

Note: More detailed information is displayed using this command.

Close the Administrator: Command Prompt window.

Step 10
Connect to PLABDC01.

Click on the Start charm and type:

control panel

Select Control Panel from the Best match pop-up menu.

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Figure 3.10 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying selecting Control Panel from the Start menu.

Step 11
In the Control Panel window, select Network and Internet.

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Figure 3.11 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying selecting Network and Internet in the Control Panel
window.

Step 12
In the Network and Internet window, click Network and Sharing Center.

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Figure 3.12 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying selecting Network and Sharing Center in the Network
and Internet window.

Step 13
In the Network and Sharing Center window, click on the Ethernet 4 link.

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Figure 3.13 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying clicking on the Ethernet 4 link in the Network and
Sharing Center window.

Step 14
In the Ethernet 4 Status dialog box, click Details.

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Figure 3.14 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying clicking Details on the Ethernet 4 Status dialog box.

Step 15
The Network Connection Details dialog box displays addressing information for
the network interface.

Click Close.

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Figure 3.15 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying the Network Connection Details dialog box.

Step 16
Back on the Ethernet 4 Status dialog box, click the Properties button.

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Figure 3.16 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying clicking the Properties button on the Ethernet 4 Status
dialog box.

Step 17
The Ethernet 4 Properties dialog box contains all the configuration settings that
apply to the network interface Ethernet 4.

Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4), and click Properties.

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Figure 3.17 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying selecting the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)
Properties in the Ethernet 4 Properties dialog box.

Step 18
In the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties dialog box, you can
change the values for the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and
primary and secondary DNS servers.

Click OK.

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Figure 3.18 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties
dialog box with the OK button highlighted.

Close all open windows.

Task 2 - Subnet Mask

The purpose of the Subnet Mask is to split the IP address into the network ID
and the host ID. This concept is easier to understand if we use binary. For
example, if we consider the subnet mask 255.255.255.0 equals 11111111 11111111
11111111 00000000, the slash notation of /24 indicates that there are 24
contiguous binary 1’s in the subnet mask.

If we converted the IP address 192.168.0.1 into binary, we would have 11000000

10101000 00000000 00000001. If we placed the subnet mask underneath the IP
address, the 1’s would mark the network ID, as shown below:

11000000 10101000 00000000 00000001

11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

The network ID portion is 192.168.0

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In the beginning, there were 5 classes for IP addressing:

Class A addresses had a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 or the slash notation, /8.
Class B addresses had a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0 or the slash notation,
/16.
Class C addresses had a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 or the slash notation,
/24.
Class D was used for multicast addressing
Class E was reserved for scientific and experimental purposes

Classless Addressing

In IPv4, we have moved away from address classes to classless addressing.

Sometimes this is called CIDR or classless interdomain routing.

Classless addressing allows networking professionals to create networks that fit

the needs of the location. When you add a binary 1 to a subnet mask, you double
the number of available networks and halve the number of hosts. When you
remove a binary 1, you double the number of hosts but halve the number of
available networks.

For example, let's look at a standard /24 or Class C network. There are 254
available IP addresses. If the company is growing, eventually, you will need
more addresses. By removing a binary 1 from the subnet mask, we double the
number of hosts to 510 hosts. The subnet mask changes from 255.255.255.0 to
255.255.254.0.

In this task, you will view the subnet mask in the network.

Step 1
Connect to PLABDC01.

Click the Start charm and type:

command prompt

Select Command Prompt from the Best match pop-up menu.

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Figure 3.19 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying selecting Command Prompt from the Best match pop-up
menu.

Step 2
In the Administrator: Command Prompt window, type the following command
and press Enter:

ipconfig /all

Take a note of the Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

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Figure 3.20 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying the command to view the complete details of the IP
addresses on the system entered and executed in the Administrator: Command Prompt window.

Keep the Administrator: Command Prompt window open.

Step 3
When you convert the Subnet mask from dotted decimal to slash notation, it
will be /24.

The subnet mask, when converted from dotted decimal to binary, will be
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

The Subnet mask will provide 254 host addresses. In IPv4 networking, the first
address number, 192.168.0.0, is reserved for the Network ID. The last address,
192.168.1.255, is reserved as the broadcast address. Messages sent to this
address are automatically delivered to all hosts on the network.

The number of hosts (N) in any network can be calculated with the formula N=
2 rasided to the power of x - 2, where x is the number of host ID bits in the IP
address.

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In this example x = 8 bits. 2 to the power of 8 = 256. 256-2=254. N=254

Considerations for IPv6 Addresses

IPv6 addressing is considered to be classless. The subnet mask for nearly all the
address blocks is /64. IPv6 is a 128-bit addressing scheme. The first 64 bits are
the network ID, and the last 64 bits are the host ID.

Task 3 - Default Gateway

When computers that are on the same network want to communicate, it happens
on the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model, using a network device
called a switch and the Layer 2 hardware address or MAC address.

When computers that are on different networks communicate, this happens at

Layer 3, the Network Layer, using a network device called the router and the
Layer 3 Internet protocol network address or IP address.

A switch can find any device that is directly connected to it and on the same
network. When a computer wants to access a resource on a different network,
such as a website on the Internet, the switch needs help and passes the request
to a router. The router uses the session's source and destination IP addresses to
determine the route.

The purpose of the Default Gateway is to provide hosts with a route to

resources that are not on the local network and that the switch cannot find on its
own. The default gateway connects the local network and the local hosts to the
public Internet.

Often, the device that is the default gateway is provided by the Internet Service
Provider (ISP). Common default gateway devices in a small office and home
office (SOHO) and residential networks are cable and DSL modems. Sometimes
the default gateway might be a firewall. In larger organizations, a dedicated
business-class or enterprise-class router may be the gateway device.

The default gateway is frequently assigned the first usable host ID, such as
192.168.0.1. Some network administrators prefer to assign the last usable host
address, such as 192.168.0.254. These gateway devices are often assigned a
manual or static IP address.

In this task, you will identify the default gateway.

Step 1

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Ensure you are connected to PLABDC01, where the Administrator: Command

Prompt window is open.

Notice the Default Gateway is 192.168.0.250.

Figure 3.21 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying the Default Gateway address highlighted in the
Administrator: Command Prompt window.

Step 2
Type the following command and press Enter:

ping 192.168.0.250

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Figure 3.22 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying the ping command entered and executed.

Note: The ping command sent four ICMP (Internet Control Message
Protocol) packets to the target device. Notice you have received four quick,
successful replies, which indicates that the default gateway is accessible
and functional. If troubleshooting network issues, this will eliminate the
default gateway as the source of the problem.

Close the Administrator: Command Prompt window.

Task 4 - Domain Name Service

One of the most important networking protocols is the Domain Name Service
(DNS). Three network protocols are used to identify a system or other resources
on the network:

The first is the Media Access Control address or MAC address. The MAC address
is a globally unique 48-bit hexadecimal address that is permanently encoded on
every network interface. Because MAC addresses are unique and permanent,
they can be used to identify a device. MAC addresses are used at the Data Link
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Layer, Media Access Control sub-layer or Layer 2 of the OSI model. MAC
addresses are used by switches to transfer information between computers on
the same network or subnet. A MAC address is also called a hardware address
or machine address

The second network protocol is the Internet Protocol (IP). There are two
versions currently used on modern networks: Internet Protocol version 4
(IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).

IPv4 uses 32-bit binary addresses expressed in dotted decimal format. IP

operates at the Network Layer or Layer 3 of the OSI model. IP addresses may
be assigned statically (manually) or dynamically (automatically).

When a computer is trying to connect to another computer, server, or a resource

that is not located on the local network, the switch will send the traffic to the
router that is identified as the default gateway. This router will use the source
and destination IP addresses to determine the most efficient path to the
destination system.

To convert or resolve an IP address to a MAC address, we use a network protocol

called the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).

The third way to identify a system is by the network protocol, Domain Name
Service (DNS). The Domain Name System relies on the machine name or Fully
Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) of a device. DNS resolves human-friendly
domain names to the IP addresses a machine prefers.

The global DNS is a huge distributed and hierarchical database that helps users
and computers find resources both on the local network and the Internet. This
database is too large to be stored in any single DNS server. Hence, it is a
distributed database. Because DNS queries start at the local device level and
move up from the closest DNS servers to the authoritative server, it is
considered to be a hierarchical database.

The first place a computer will check is its own Local DNS Resolver Cache. This
is a small list of frequently and/or recently accessed sites or resources.

The second place a computer will check is the local DNS server. In this lab, the
Windows Domain Controller PLABDC01 acts as the lab network's local DNS
server. If the resource is not available on the local network, this DNS server will
hand the query up the hierarchical ladder to the next DNS server, often the one
provided by the Internet Service Provider (ISP).

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Step 1
Connect to PLABWIN10.

Click the Start charm and type:

command prompt

Select Command Prompt from the Best match pop-up menu.

Figure 3.23 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying opening Command Prompt from the Start menu.

Step 2
In the Administrator: Command Prompt window, type the following command
and press Enter:

ipconfig /all

Notice the IP addresses for the DNS Servers are 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.255.13.
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Figure 3.24 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the DNS Servers addresses highlighted in the
Administrator: Command Prompt window.

Step 3
Next, you will find the Local DNS Resolver Cache.

Type the following command and press Enter:

ipconfig /displaydns

Scroll up to the Windows IP Configuration section.

The line under Windows IP Configuration shows the Fully Qualified Domain
Name (FQDN) of the PLABWIN10 system is PLABWIN10.mshome.net.

.net is the Top-Level Domain (TLD). TLDs are controlled by Internet

Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
.mshome is the registered domain name. Anyone can register a domain
name with Internet Domain Registrars

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PLABWIN10 is the machine name or hostname of the system. Adding the

hostname to the registered domain and top-level domain created a Fully
Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)

The contents of the Local Resolver Cache that follow are the DNS records of
other sites, systems, and resources that the local system has connected to in the
recent past.

The A (host) Record is the IP address of the device.

Figure 3.25 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying command to view the DNS Resolver Cache entered and
executed.

Note: Other commonly used DNS records include:

A (Host address)
AAAA (IPv6 host address)
ALIAS (Auto resolved alias)
CNAME (Canonical name for an alias)
MX (Mail eXchange)
NS (Name Server)
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PTR (Pointer)
SOA (Start Of Authority)
SRV (location of service)
TXT (Descriptive text)

Step 4
Sometimes it is necessary to delete the resolver cache. Occasionally erroneous
data is introduced accidentally or as part of a cyber attack. If an attacker can
place information in the resolver cache, they can send unsuspecting users to
fake websites that they control. This sort of DNS Hijack attack can be part of a
Man-in-the-Middle (MiTM) attack.

You can delete the resolver cache by typing the following command:

ipconfig /flushdns

Press Enter.

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Figure 3.26 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the command to delete the resolver cache entered and
executed.

Step 5
Type the following command and press Enter:

ipconfig /registerdns

Figure 3.27 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the command to restore the resolver cache entered and
executed.

Note: Using the above command, you can restore the resolver cache.

Step 6
When troubleshooting network connectivity issues, tracert can help you locate
the problem. tracert shows the route the packets take from the source to the
destination.

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You identified two DNS servers configured on this network in an earlier step. The
IP addresses are 192.168.0.1, which is the Windows Server PLABDC01 and
192.168.255.13.

Type the following command and press Enter:

tracert 192.168.0.1

Figure 3.28 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the tracert command entered and executed.

Note: Note that this is a very short route with a single hop that does not
traverse any routers. This is because the computer and the server are on the
same network.

Step 7
Type the following command and press Enter:

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tracert 192.168.255.13

Figure 3.29 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the tracert command entered and executed.

Note: This shows a short route of two hops. The response from the router at
the first hop timed out, but the second hop gave you the server name of
Proxy. The network ID of 192.168.255.0 is different from the network ID of
PLABWIN10 and PLABDC01, which is 192.168.0.0. So we know that this
second DNS server is on a different network segment.

Close the Command Prompt window.

Task 5 - Static and Dynamic Addressing

Most of the IP addresses in this lab have been manually assigned. This type of
address is called a static IP address. These addresses are manually created by
administrators using the Properties window for the network interface.

Static IP addresses are commonly used for devices such as:

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Default Gateway
Windows Domain Controllers
DNS servers
DHCP servers
Other servers, such as File Servers, Email Servers, and Application
Servers
Printers

Using a static IP can make it easier for other hosts to find and connect with the
resource.

The other type of address is the Dynamic IP address. These are assigned
automatically by a Dynamic Host Configuration Server (DHCP). These are
typically used with individual user workstations, laptops, wireless network
clients, etc. Most networks use dynamic addressing.

In this task, you will view the settings to be configured for a static and a
dynamic IP address.

Step 1
Connect to PLABWIN10.

Click on the Start charm and type:

control panel

Select Control Panel from the Best match pop-up menu.

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Figure 3.30 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Control Panel from the Best match pop-up
menu.

Step 2
In the Control Panel window, select Network and Internet.

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Figure 3.31 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Network and Internet in the Control Panel
window.

Step 3
From the Network and Internet window, select Network and Sharing Center.

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Figure 3.32 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Network and Sharing Center in the Network
and Internet window.

Step 4
In the Network and Sharing Center window, click the Ethernet link next to
Connections.

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Figure 3.33 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting the Ethernet link in the Network and Sharing
Center window.

Step 5
Click Properties in the Ethernet Status window.

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Figure 3.34 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying clicking Properties in the Ethernet Status window.

Step 6
The Ethernet Properties window contains all the configuration settings that
apply to the network interface Ethernet.

Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click Properties.

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Figure 3.35 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting the Properties of Internet Protocol Version 4
(TCP/IPv4).

Step 7
In the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window, you can
either automatically obtain an IP address or DNS server address or assign them
manually. That is, you can either have dynamic or static addresses.

Click OK.

Close all open windows.

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Figure 3.36 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties
window with the OK button highlighted.

Step 8
In order to use dynamic addresses, we need a DHCP server. In a Windows
environment, this is typically a service provided by the Domain Controller.

Connect to PLABDC01.

Restore the Server Manager window from the Taskbar.

Here, you can see that the server is configured to provide Active Directory
Service (AD DS), Domain Name Services (DNS), and File and Storage
Services.

To add Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), click Manage and select
Add Roles and Features.

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Figure 3.37 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying the Server Manager window. The manage menu is
accessed, and the Add Roles and Features option is selected.

Step 9
In the Add Roles and Features Wizard - Before you begin page, click Next.

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Figure 3.38 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying clicking Next in the Add Roles and Features Wizard -
Before you begin page.

Step 10
From the Select installation type page, ensure Role-based or feature-based
installation is selected.

Click Next.

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Figure 3.39 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying the Select installation type page with the required option
selected and the Next button highlighted.

Step 11
On the Select destination server page, click Next.

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Figure 3.40 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying clicking Next on the Select destination server page.

Step 12
In the Select server roles page, enable the DHCP Server checkbox.

Click Add Features in the Add features that are required for DHCP Server?
window.

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Figure 3.41 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying clicking Add Features in the Add features that are
required for DHCP Server? window.

Step 13
Back on the Select server roles page, click Next.

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Figure 3.42 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying clicking Next in the Select server roles page.

Step 14
Click Next on the Select features page.

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Figure 3.43 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying clicking Next on the Select features page.

Step 15
On the DHCP Server page, click Next.

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Figure 3.44 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying clicking Next on the DHCP Server page.

Step 16
On the Confirm installation selections page, click Install.

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Figure 3.45 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying clicking Install on the Confirm installation selections
page.

Step 17
The DHCP Server is now successfully installed and can be used to assign
dynamic addresses.

Click Close.

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Figure 3.46 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying successful installation of the DHCP server.

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Exercise 4 - Network Connections

In the previous exercise, you learned about IP addressing and how it is useful for
connecting systems to a network to exchange information and access network
resources.

In this exercise, you will learn how to connect systems to various types of
networks, network topologies, and network technologies. Specifically, you will
learn about wired and wireless networks, virtual private networks, and cellular
data networks.

Learning Outcomes
After completing this exercise, you should be able to:

Create a Virtual Private Network (VPN) Connection

View Wired Connections
View the Settings of a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)

After completing this exercise, you should have further knowledge of:

Wireless Connection

Your Devices
You will be using the following devices in this lab. Please power these on now.

PLABDC01 - (Windows Server 2019 - Domain Controller)

PLABWIN10 - (Windows 10 - Domain Member Workstation)
PLABANDROID - (Android OS - Android Device)

Task 1 - Create a Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Connection
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) can be used to keep business or personal
communications confidential. This privacy is provided through the use of
encryption. Sending encrypted traffic over a network is called “tunneling.”

These encrypted tunnels are created using protocols such as:

Transport Layer Security (TLS)

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol combined with Internet Protocol Security
(L2TP/IPSec)
IPSec and Internet Key Exchange v2 (IPSec/IKEv2)
Secure Sockets Tunneling Protocol (SSTP)
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OpenVPN

There are three common types of VPNs:

Client to Site - This is a browser-based or VPN application-based

connection between a user’s computer and a VPN Gateway router or server.
This connection usually uses TLS or IPSec.
Site to Site - This is a full-time point-to-point connection between two
routers. It is typically used to securely connect two locations, such as
headquarters and branch offices. Site to site VPNs is inexpensive
replacements for dedicated WAN links from a telecom service provider.
Host to Host - This is a connection between a client system and a server.
This type generally uses TLS and is used to securely connect to a website or
web application.

In this task, you will learn how to create a VPN connection.

Note: In this lab, you will not be able to establish a VPN connection. Steps to
create a VPN connection and how the connection is established once the
VPN connection is created will be shown.

Step 1
Connect to PLABWIN10.

Click on the Start charm and select Settings.

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Figure 4.1 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying opening Settings from the Start menu.

Step 2
In the Settings window, select Network & Internet.

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Figure 4.2 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Network & Internet in the Settings window.

Step 3
In the Settings window, click VPN on the left pane.

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Figure 4.3 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting VPN in the Settings window.

Step 4
In the Settings - VPN pane, click Add a VPN connection.

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Figure 4.4 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying clicking Add a VPN connection in the Settings - VPN
pane.

Step 5
In the Add a VPN connection window, the following settings are provided to
configure a VPN connection:

VPN provider has the Windows (built-in) option.

For the Connection name field, a VPN connection name can be specified
based on its intended purpose.
In the Server name or address field, you will enter the IP address of the
VPN server.
Type of sign-in info field has the User name and password in this lab. You
can also have Smart card, One-time password, or Certificate.

Click Cancel.

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Figure 4.5 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Add a VPN connection window.

Step 6
Once a VPN connection is created. It will appear as shown in the screenshot on
the Settings - VPN pane.

If you need to edit the VPN configuration or specify an additional setting for a
proxy server, select your VPN connection and click on Advanced options.

You can establish a secure connection using the Connect button.

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Figure 4.6: Displaying the Settings - VPN pane with a VPN connection.

Close the Settings window.

Wireless Connection
Wireless networking includes more than just Wi-Fi. Wireless communications
include satellites, point-to-point microwaves, Light Fidelity (Li-Fi), building
control systems networks using Z-Wave and Zigbee, and more familiar services
such as Bluetooth, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Near Field
Communications (NFC), and more.

To establish a wireless connection at your home, you will need the following:

Wireless router - This is used to send information to and fro between the
network and the Internet.
Wireless network adapter - The adapter is needed to connect your system to
the wireless network.
Broadband connection - Broadband connections are usually provided by the
Internet Service Provider (ISP)

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Wireless networks are prone to different types of threats. When setting up a

wireless network, you need to ensure that you follow certain security practices to
secure it. For example, limiting the number of users connecting to the wireless
network can be one level of security. Using complex passwords or using a strong
encryption protocol is another security practice that should be implemented.

Task 2 - View Wired Connections

In this task, you will view the wired connection settings on the PLABWIN10 and
PLABDC01 devices.

Step 1
Connect to PLABWIN10.

Click on the Start charm and select Settings.

Figure 4.7 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying opening Settings from the Start menu.

Step 2
In the Settings window, select Network & Internet.

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Figure 4.8 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Network & Internet in the Settings window.

Step 3
In the Settings - Status pane, you will find information about the network. View
the information available on this pane.

Click Properties.

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Figure 4.9 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Settings - Status pane with the Properties button
selected.

Step 4
In the Settings - Network window, you can view the IP settings for the
Ethernet (wired) connection.

The Properties section has details on the IPv4 address and DNS servers, as well
as the MAC address.

Close all open windows.

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Figure 4.10 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Settings - Network window.

Step 5
Connect to PLABDC01.

Click on the Start charm and type:

control panel

Select Control Panel from the Best match pop-up menu.

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Figure 4.11 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying selecting Control Panel from the Best match pop-up
menu.

Step 6
In the Control Panel window, select Network and Internet.

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Figure 4.12 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying selecting Network and Internet in the Control Panel
window.

Step 7
From the Network and Internet window, select Network and Sharing Center.

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Figure 4.13 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying selecting Network and Sharing Center in the Network
and Internet window.

Step 8
In the Network and Sharing Center window, you can find address information,
change IP address settings, as well as troubleshoot network issues using the
built-in Troubleshoot problems function.

Close the Network and Sharing Center window.

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Figure 4.14 Screenshot of PLABDC01: Displaying the Network and Sharing Center window.

Task 3 - View the Settings of a Wireless Wide Area

Network (WWAN)
Connecting to a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) or your cellular data
network is a process that is usually handled automatically by your smartphone
or other wireless devices.

In this task, you will view the network status of the PLABANDROID device.

Step 1
Connect to PLABANDROID.

In the upper right hand corner of the screen, right-click on the Wireless network
icon and select the Settings Cog icon.

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Figure 4.15 Screenshot of PLABANDROID: Displaying selecting the Settings icon.

Step 2
In the Settings window, select Network & internet.

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Figure 4.16 Screenshot of PLABANDROID: Displaying selecting Network & internet in the Settings window.

Step 3
In the Network & internet window, the following settings can be managed:

Connecting to a wireless network

Checking data usage
Turning on the hotspot feature
Turning on airplane mode
Connecting to a VPN
Advanced settings

Click the circle on the bottom of the screen to exit from the Network & internet
window.

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Figure 4.17 Screenshot of PLABANDROID: Displaying the Network & internet window.

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Exercise 5 - Other Network Connections

In this exercise, you will learn about using proxy settings in a network as well as
navigating in the File Explorer window. The differences between Public and
Private networks, metered connections and their limitations will be discussed.

Learning Outcomes
After completing this exercise, you should be able to:

View Proxy Settings

Navigate File Explorer
Set a Metered Connection

After completing this exercise, you should have further knowledge of:

Public vs. Private Networks

Your Devices
You will be using the following devices in this lab. Please power these on now.

PLABDC01 - (Windows Server 2019 - Domain Controller)

PLABWIN10 - (Windows 10 - Domain Member Workstation)

Task 1 - View Proxy Settings

A proxy server is a middleman between the Internet and the clients on a
network. It manages the client Web requests sent to servers on the Internet.
When a proxy server is configured on a client device, all the requests for this
client are routed via the proxy server. For example, a user’s Web browser is
configured with a proxy. When a user attempts to access a website, the request
is then sent to the proxy server, which checks if the website is blocked or not. If
not, it fetches the required web pages from the website and forwards the same
to the user. One of the key features of a proxy server is to cache the webpage for
later use.

In this task, you will view the proxy settings on the PLABWIN10 device.

Step 1
Connect to PLABWIN10.

Click on the Start charm and select Settings.

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Figure 5.1 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying opening Settings from the Start menu.

Step 2
In the Settings window, select Network & Internet.

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Figure 5.2 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Network & Internet in the Settings window.

Step 3
In the Settings window, select Proxy on the left pane.

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Figure 5.3 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Proxy in the Settings window.

Step 4
In the Settings - Proxy pane, you can find information related to automatic
proxy settings and manual proxy settings. You can also setup an Automatic
proxy setup using scripts.

For the Manual proxy setup, you will have to set the URL or IP address of the
proxy server.

Close the Settings window.

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Figure 5.4 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Settings - Proxy pane.

Public vs. Private Networks

IPv4 Public and Private IP Addresses
In the early days of the Internet, everything was connected to the Internet, and
there were no private IP addresses yet. As networks grew larger, it became
apparent that the available supply of addresses would soon be exhausted. It
also became apparent that having everything connected to the Internet
represented a significant security risk, especially for hosts that were not
designed as public resources. Public IP addresses are usually assigned by your
Internet Service Provider (ISP). The ISP gets addresses from the Regional
Registries, which get them from IANA.

In 1996, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) created a set of private IP
ranges for use on the internal local area network. The reserved ranges are:

Class A 10.0. 0.0 - 10.255. 255.255

Class B 172.16. 0.0 - 172.31. 255.255
Class C 192.168. 0.0 - 192.168. 255.255
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Later, Microsoft introduced Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing

(APIPA). APIPA allows Windows systems to automatically configure an IP
address on networks with no working DHCP server. The assigned address range
is:

APIPA 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255

Due to address exhaustion in the IPv4 public address range, ISP and Internet
backbone providers have been moving to IPv6 public IP address ranges

On the LAN, IPv4 Private Addresses are still popular and continue to be used.

IPv6 Public and Private IP Addresses

Both public and private addresses exist in IPv6, but they have different
purposes.

A public IPv6 address is accessible on the Internet. IPv6 public addresses are
globally unique. In other words, only one device on the Internet can use a public
IP address. As with IPv4 public addresses, IPv6 public IP addresses are ordered
from and assigned by your Internet Service Provider (ISP). The ISP gets
addresses from the Regional Registries, which get them from IANA.

Private IPv6 addresses are a very small part of the 340 undecillion address
scope. Private IP addresses are used in LANs and VLANs. The addresses can be
site-local, which means they are accessible from anywhere on the local
corporate or enterprise network. The other type is link-local and has a smaller
scope, and only refers to a particular physical link or network subnet. Every
device on an IPv6 network receives a link-local address. Link-local is an
autoconfiguration address that is similar to the IPv4 Automatic Private
Internet Protocol Addressing (APIPA).

Task 2 - File Explorer Navigation

File Explorer is a useful tool for navigating the directory and file structure of the
computer system and the local area network. It also provides robust search
functionality. The File Explorer application allows you to navigate the “directory
tree.” In Windows, directories are commonly called “folders.”

In this task, you will use File Explorer for directory and file navigation.

Step 1
Connect to PLABWIN10.

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Open File Explorer from the Taskbar.

Figure 5.5 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying opening File Explorer from the taskbar.

Step 2
In the File Explorer window, you will find the personal folders, or directories, of
the logged-in user Administrator.

The following is available:

Quick Access - It changes as the computer user creates or accesses work-

product or system and network resources. Frequently accessed information
will appear here. The information displayed in this window constantly
changes. It is designed to help find information and resources you use
frequently or recently.
This PC - Is a more static representation of the information on the computer.
The directories here are the common storage locations for user-created
content.
Desktop - This shows files, folders, and application shortcuts that appear on
your computer’s “desktop” or opening screen.
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Downloads - If you download a file from the Internet or other network

resources, it will automatically be saved here unless the user chooses to save
it elsewhere.
Documents - Windows will automatically save most user-generated content
to this location. This includes MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint documents, text
files, and PDF files.
Pictures - Windows will automatically save photographs and other image
file types (jpg, png, bmp) to this folder location.
Music - Windows saves music files and other audio file formats here, such as
wav and mp3.
Videos - Videos from smartphone cameras and video services from other
sources can be stored here.
Network - The network systems and resources you have permission to
access can be viewed here.

Click on ISO (D:) on the left pane.

Figure 5.6 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting ISO (D:) in the File Explorer window.

Step 3
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Double-click on the Virtual Machines folder on the right details pane.

Figure 5.7 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying opening the Virtual Machines folder.

Step 4
Here you have the virtual machine image for PLABWIN11HOME.

Double-click on the PLABWIN11HOME folder.

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Figure 5.8 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying opening the PLABWIN11HOME folder.

Step 5
Notice the information in the row above. It shows the file path (ISO D:\\Virtual
Machines\PLABWIN11HOME.

Select Local Disk (C:) on the left pane.

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Figure 5.9 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the contents of the PLABWIN11HOME folder. Local Disk
(C:) on the left pane is selected.

Step 6
This folder contains application files (Program Files), user profiles (Users), and
the Windows operating system (Windows).

Double-click on the Users folder.

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Figure 5.10 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Local Disk (C:) on the left pane in the File
Explorer window.

Step 7
The user profiles for this system are shown in the Users folder.

Close the File Explorer window.

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Figure 5.11 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the contents of the Users folder.

Task 3 - Set a Metered Connection

Most Internet Service Providers offer Internet connections with no usage
restrictions or “unlimited” access. Once in a while, you may use a measured or
metered connection. A common example is your cellular phone’s data plan.
Usage above a certain threshold may cost more. This limitation would also apply
when using your smartphone as a Wi-Fi hotspot.

In this task, you will view how a metered connection can be set on the
PLABWIN10 device.

Step 1
Connect to PLABWIN10.

Click on the Start charm and select Settings.

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Figure 5.12 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying opening Settings from the Start menu.

Step 2
In the Settings window, select Network & Internet.

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Figure 5.13 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying selecting Network & Internet in the Settings window.

Step 3
In the Settings - Status pane, note that under the You’re connected to the
Internet section, you can either have a limited data plan or have the option to
make this network a metered connection.

Click the Properties button.

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Figure 5.14 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Settings - Status pane with the Properties button
selected.

Step 4
In the Settings - Practicelabs.com window, you can set the metered connection
to On to help you stay under the limit if you have a limited data plan.

Slide the Set as metered connection to On.

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Figure 5.15 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Settings - Practicelabs.com window with the
metered connection set to On.

Step 5
Click on the Set a data limit to help control data usage on this network link.

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Figure 5.16 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Settings - Practicelabs.com window with the Set a
data limit to help control data usage on this network link selected.

Step 6
Back on the Settings - Status pane, click the Data Usage button.

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Figure 5.17 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Settings - Status pane with the Data usage button
selected.

Step 7
On the Settings - Data usage window, you can set a general limit or set
individual limits for different applications.

Close the Settings - Data usage window.

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Figure 5.18 Screenshot of PLABWIN10: Displaying the Settings - Data usage window.

Keep all devices that you have powered on in their current state and
proceed to the review section.

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Review
Well done, you have completed the Configuring Networking Settings on a
Windows Device Practice Lab.

Summary
You completed the following exercises:

Exercise 1 - Windows Workgroups vs. Windows Domains

Exercise 2 - Local OS Firewall Settings
Exercise 3 - Configuration of a Client Network
Exercise 4 - Network Connections
Exercise 5 - Other Network Connections

You should now be able to:

Identify Workgroup and Domain Setup

View Shared Resources in a Network
View Shared Printers on the Network
View Mapped Drives
View Firewall Configuration
Configure Application Permissions, Restrictions, and Exceptions
View the Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing Scheme
Find the Subnet Mask
Identify Default Gateway
Know how Domain Name Service Works
Know the Difference between Static and Dynamic Addressing
Create a Virtual Private Network (VPN) Connection
View Wired Connections
View the Settings of a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)
View Proxy Settings
Navigate File Explorer
Set a Metered Connection

You should now have further knowledge of:

File Servers
Wireless Connection
Public vs. Private Networks

Feedback
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Shutdown all virtual machines used in this lab. Alternatively, you can log out
of the lab platform.

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