Name : _________________________

Date: _________________________

Lower Secondary Sciences: Light and Colour

1. Properties of light
• Light travels in straight lines
• It is a form of energy
• It travels at a speed of 3 × 10! m/s in vacuum
• When light hits an object, it can be reflected or refracted

• Light is reflected when it hits an opaque object

• Light is refracted when it enters a transparent medium

of different density

A) Ray and beam of light

• A ray of light is indicated by a single straight line.
• A collective light rays is called a beam of light.

• A beam of light can be one of the followings:

2. Reflection of light
• Reflection is light being bounced off after hitting an opaque surface.
• Reflection allows us to see objects in our surroundings

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• In reflection of light, there are:
- Incident ray: Light ray coming towards the surface
- Reflected ray: Light ray bouncing off the surface
• The type of reflection, regular or diffused, is affected by the type of surface.

Type of reflection Type of surface

• When light rays are incident on a smooth surface,
they are reflected in a regular manner.

• When light rays are incident on a rough/uneven

surface, they are reflected in a diffused or
scattered manner.

A) The laws of reflection

• The two laws of reflection are:
- Angle of incidence (i) is equal to angle of reflection (r).
- In a reflection diagram, the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal must lie in
the same plane.

B) Images formed in a plane mirror

• The formation of an image in a plane mirror is due to the reflection of light.
• When the light rays from an object are reflected by a mirror and enter our eyes, our brain
‘perceives’ that light travels in a straight lines from the image in the mirror instead.

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• The characteristics of an image formed in a plane mirror:

• A virtual image is an image that cannot be captured on a screen.

C) Constructing plane mirror image

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D) Applications of different types of mirrors
Type of mirror Plane mirror Convex mirror Concave mirror

Diagram

- Blind corner
- Dentist mirror
- Rear mirror mirror
Application - Microscope
- Periscope - Side mirror
- Cosmetic mirror
- Security camera
- See wider area - To magnify

Function

3. Refraction of light
• Refraction is the bending of light rays when they travel from one transparent medium
to another transparent medium.
• The refraction is caused by a change in speed of the light rays when they travel in the media
of different densities.

• Refraction of light can only take place in transparent media such as air, water, vacuum (in
space), glass and diamond.
• Light travels at different speeds, in different media
- In a less dense medium, the speed of light is faster
- In a denser medium, the speed of light is slower

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• How a light ray travel between the boundary of two media affects its refraction.

How a light ray travels Observation

From an optically less dense

medium to an optically more
dense medium.
Light ray bends towards the normal
Angle of incidence (i) > angle of refraction (r)

From an optically more dense

medium to an optically less
dense medium.
Light ray bends away from the normal
Angle of incidence (i) < angle of refraction (r)

A) Refractive index
• Refractive index is a measure of the bending of a light ray when travelling from one
medium into another.
• The formula to calculate the refractive index, n, is as follows.
sin 𝑖
𝑛=
sin 𝑟

• There will be no refraction in the following conditions:

- Light travelling perpendicular to the boundary of the media, even if they have different
densities.
- Light passes through two media of the same densities.

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B) Effect of Refraction – Apparent depth and Real depth
• Due to refraction of light, an object under the water appears to be nearer to the surface than
it really is.
- Real depth is the actual depth or position of the object under the water.
- Apparent depth is the depth or position perceived by an observer due to the refraction
of light.
• The apparent depth is less than the real depth in the effect of refraction.
Examples
Scenario Description

Due to the real depth and the apparent depth

caused by the refraction of light, the stick
appears ‘broken’ to the observer.

A fish appears to be closer to the observer.

4. Colour
A) Dispersion of white light
• White light is composed of seven colour components.
• Each colour component refracts at different angle when passing through a glass prism
• Therefore, white light will be dispersed by a prism and displays a spectrum of seven colour
components.

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• The splitting of white light into its component colours is called the dispersion of light. The
band colours displayed is known as a spectrum.
• A spectrum of colours can be recombined to from a white light by placing two prisms with
their vertices and bases in opposite directions.
- The first prism disperses the white light into a spectrum of colours.
- The second prism recombines the spectrum of colours into white light.

B) Primary colours
• White light consists of an entire of colour components
• However, white light can also be produced by mixing three distinct colour components
called the primary colours of light. They are red, blue and green.

Red + Blue + Green = White

• The primary colours are colours that cannot be reproduced by mixing other colours.

C) Secondary colours
• Secondary colours can be produced by mixing two of the three primary colours of light.

Mixture of two primary colours Secondary colour produced

Red + Green Yellow
Red + Blue Magenta
Green + Blue Cyan

• Besides the secondary colours, mixing any of the three primary colours of light with
different intensities can produce a wide range of other colours.

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D) Seeing coloured objects
• The colour of an object depends on the colour of light being reflected to the observer.
For example.
A leaf appears green to an observer.

When white light strikes the leaf, all colors

of light will be absorbed by the leaf except
for the green light. Thus, the leaf appears
green to the observer.

• An object appears black if it absorbs all the colour components of the white light.
• An object appears white if it reflects all the colour components of the white light

E) Coloured filter
• The coloured filter is a type of plastic sheet or
glass that only allows its own colour component
of light to pass through.

For example
• When a yellow light passes through cyan filter, the filter appears green.

- Cyan filter consists of green and blue while yellow light consists of green and red.
- Thus, only green light can pass through.
• A filter appears black when no light can pass through it.

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 Name : _________________________

Date: _________________________

Light (Worksheet 1)

1. The diagram below shows a light ray being reflected by a plane mirror.

Label on the diagram:

(a) The normal as N
(b) The incident ray as I and the angle of incidence as i
(c) The reflected ray as R and the angle of reflection as r

2. The table below shows the different types of mirror:

Type of mirror

Name

Application

On the table above,

(a) Name the type of mirror, and
(b) list an application of the mirror.

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3. The diagram below shows an object being placed in-front of a plane mirror. Complete the
ray diagram to show how the observer sees point x.

4. An optician holds a test card 15 cm behind a patient. When the patient looks into a plane
mirror in front of him, the distance between him and the image of the test card is 3.15 m.

What is the distance of the patient from the plane mirror? (Hint: sketch the situation.)

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5. The diagram below shows a light ray bends as it travels from Medium A into Medium B.

(a) On the diagram, draw and label the normal.

(b) What the angle of incidence? _____________________

(c) What is the angle of refraction? _____________________

(d) Which medium is denser? _____________________

(e) What is an example of medium B if medium A is Air? _____________________

(f) Why does light bends as it passes through from medium A to Medium B

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

6. The figure below shows an incomplete diagram of light passing from air through water and
then glass. Complete the ray diagram below:

Air

Water

Glass

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7. The diagram below shows a person observing a fish which is at the actual position marked
X.

(a) Complete the ray diagram to show the position of the fish being observed by the man.
Label the position XI.

(b) On the same diagram, label the apparent depth and the actual depth of the object.

8. Red, Blue and Green are considered primary colours. Secondary colours can be produced
by mixing two of three primary colours.

(a) Identify the following secondary colours.

Mixture of two primary colours Secondary colour produced

Red + Green

Red + Blue

Green + Blue

(b) When a coloured light hits a blue object, it appears green. What is the colour of the
light?

_____________________________________________________________________

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 Name : _________________________

Date: _________________________

Light (Worksheet 2)

1. A mirror is placed tilted at an angle of 30 º to the bench. A ray of light is directed so that
it hits the mirror at an angle of 20º to the surface of the mirror.

What is the angle of reflection of the ray?

A. 20º C. 30º
B. 50º D. 70º

2. A mirror is placed tilted to the bench. A ray of light is directed so that it hits the mirror at
an angle of 42º to the surface of the mirror.

What the angle of incidence?

A. 48o C. 58o
B. 137o D. 42o

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3. The diagram shows rays of light passing through an object X. What could be X?

A. A diverging lens C. A glass block

B. A converging lens D. A plane mirror

Use the diagram below to answer questions 4 and 5.

4. What is the angle of refraction?

A. 42o C. 48o
B. 60o D. 30o

5. Which medium is denser?

A. Medium A. B. Medium B
C. Both are equally dense. D. None of the options are right.

6. When you look at a convex mirror, the image of your face is:

A. upright and bigger than your face.

B. inverted and bigger than your face.
C. upright and smaller than your face.
D. inverted and smaller than your face.

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7. The diagram below shows the reflection of a light ray.

What the angle of incidence?

A. 65o C. 125o
B. 25o D. 35o

8. Security mirrors in shops are usually convex rather than plane. What is the reason for this?

A. Convex mirrors allow a wider area to be seen.

B. Images in convex mirrors are not laterally inverted.
C. The images in convex mirrors are inverted.
D. The images in convex mirrors are smaller than in plane mirrors.

9. The diagram shows the path of a ray of light travelling towards and into a pool of water.
Four angles, P, Q, R and S are labelled.

What are the angles of incidence and refraction?

Angle of Incidence Angle of refraction

A. P R
B. Q S
C. P Q
D. Q R

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10. The figure below shows a ray of light from a small lamp striking a plane mirror.

Which statement about the image formed by the mirror is correct?

A. The image is at P and it is real.

B. The image is at P and is virtual.
C. The image is at R and is real.
D. The image is at R and is virtual.

11. What type of mirror is used in a dental instrument?

A. concave mirror B. convex mirror C. plane mirror D. shiny mirror

12. A light ray from the lighted lamp is incident on a plane mirror as shown.

Which of the following is/are correct?

(1) The image is formed at P and is virtual

(2) The image is formed at Q and is upright
(3) The light ray at Q appears to come from point P

A. (1) only C. (1) and (3) only

B. (2) only D. (1) and (2) only

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13. An optician holds a test card 25 cm behind a patient. When the patient looks into a plane
mirror in front of him, the distance between him and the image of the test card is 385 cm.

What is the distance of the patient from the plane mirror? (Hint: sketch the situation).

A. 60 cm B. 125 cm C. 180 cm D. 235 cm

14. Which one of the following is true about the laws of reflection?

A. The incident ray and the normal ray may not lie in the same plane.
B. The laws of reflection can be applied to the plane mirror only.
C. The laws do not apply when light scatters on a rough surface.
D. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

15. What are the characteristics of an image formed in a plane mirror?

I. Virtual III. Inverted

II. Upright IV. Same size as the object

A. I, II, III B. I, II, IV C. II, III, IV D. I, II, III, IV

16. Which of the following factors causes the refraction of light to take place?

A. A change in density of the light C. A change in the mass of light

B. A change in the speed of light D. A change in the volume of light

17. Which type of mirror is used in a dentists’ mirror?

A. Plane mirror C. Concave mirror

B. Convex mirror D. Rough mirror

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18. The diagram below shows a light ray being reflected by a hard surface.

Which of the following pairs show the correct angles of incidence and reflection?

Angle of incidence Angle of reflection

A. 30° 30°
B. 30° 60°
C. 60° 60°
D. 60° 30°

19. The diagram below shows a ray of light XY travelling from medium A to medium B.

Which of the following statements is correct about the refraction shown above?

A. Medium A is less dense than B and the ray YZ travels faster than XY.
B. Medium A is denser than B and the ray YZ travels faster than XY.
C. Medium A is less dense than B and the ray YZ travels slower than XY.
D. Medium A is denser than B and the ray YZ travels slower than XY.

20. Which of the following correctly shows the speed of light in vacuum?

A. 3.0 × 10! m/s C. 3.0 × 10! km/h

B. 3.0 × 10! m/h D. 3.0 × 10! km/s

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21. White light is passed through two different coloured filters as shown in the diagram below.

What coloured light will be observed at X?

A. Yellow B. Red C. Magenta D. Black

22. Two beams of coloured light Y and blue were mixed as shown in the diagram below.

What could be the colour observed in Y?

A. Green B. White C. Yellow D. Red

23. The diagram shows a source of light M striking an object.

Which of the following sources of light is not possible?

A. Yellow B. Cyan C. White D. Magenta

24. Which of the following combinations of colour produces cyan?

A. Red and green C. Green and blue

B. Yellow and red D. Red and blue

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25. The diagram below shows the light ray refracted by a medium.

What is the name of p?

A. Angle of emergent C. Angle of reflection

B. Angle of incidence D. Angle of refraction

26. In an experiment, a light ray from a point source is directed into a glass block until it
reemerges. Which of the following drawings correctly represents the observation of the
experiment?

27. The diagram below shows the reflection of light rays after hitting a surface of a floor.

Which of the following terms correctly describes the reflection shown above?

A. Regular reflection C. Scattered reflection

B. Dispersion reflection D. Irregular refraction

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28. The diagram shows the image of an object in a plane mirror.

Which is the actual appearance of the object?

29. The diagram below shows a light ray hitting a hard surface.

What is the angle of reflection?

A. 40° C. 80°
B. 50° D. 130°

30. Which of the following is the similar characteristic of an image shown in the rear mirror of
a car and a dentists’ mirror?

A. The size of the object and the image is the same.

B. The images in both mirrors are inverted.
C. The images in both mirrors cannot be captured on the screen.
D. The images and the objects are equal distances from the mirrors.

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Section B: Short Answer Questions

1. The diagram shows a light ray reflected by two mirrors, 1 and 2 in an experiment.
Diagram is not drawn to scale.

43o

83o

(a) What is the law of reflection?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

(b) What would be the angle of incidence and angle of reflection at mirror 2?

Angle of incidence: ________________ °

Angle of reflection: ________________ °

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2. Two mirrors, P and Q, are arranged at 90° to each other as shown in the diagram below
(not to scale). A ray of light strikes mirror P at an angle of 30°.

(a) Complete the diagram to show how the ray of light reflects from mirrors P and Q.

(b) State the incident angle of the light ray on mirror P.

incident angle = ______________ °

(c) State the Law of Reflection of light.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

(d) By using relevant angle properties, determine the angle of reflection of the light ray

from mirror Q.

angle of reflection = ______________ °

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3. The diagram below shows a triangular object in front of a plane mirror.

(a) In the diagram, draw the image of the object behind the mirror.

(b) The word CORAL has five letters.

(i) Write down how the image of the word CORAL will look like in a plane mirror.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

(ii) How many letters in the word will appear to be the same in the mirror?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

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4. A driver sees the image of the car behind him in a mirror as shown in the diagram below:

(a) Complete the ray diagram to locate the image of the car at point X. Label the point Y.

(b) Calculate the horizontal distance between the eye and the image.

Answer: ____________m

(c) On the diagram, complete the ray to show the path taken by light rays travelling from
X to the driver’s eye.

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5. In this question, drawing should be done carefully with a pencil.
The diagram below shows a ray of light striking mirror 1 at point X.

(a) On the diagram.

(i) Draw the normal at X.

(ii) Draw the ray reflected from mirror 1.
(iii) Mark the angle of incidence and label it m.
(iv) Mark the angle of reflection and label it f.

(b) Mirror 2 is parallel to mirror 1. The reflected ray from the mirror strikes mirror 2.
Compare the direction of the ray reflected from mirror 2 with the incident ray at point
X. You may do a further construction on the diagram if you wish. Complete the
sentence below:

The reflected ray from mirror 2 is _________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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6. The figure below shows an incomplete path of a ray of light entering water from air.

(a) Complete the diagram by indicating the refracted ray, angle of incidence, i, and angle
of refraction, r.

(b) State two characteristics of the image formed in a plane mirror.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

(c) The figure below shows a blind corner mirror and a dental mirror.

State the type of reflecting surface used in both and describe one difference between
the images formed by each reflecting surface.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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7. A student has an aquarium. Fig. 7.1 shows an incomplete ray diagram of how the student
can see the image of a fish in his aquarium.

Fig 7.1

(a) Draw the actual position of the fish in Fig. 7.1.

(b) Complete the ray diagram in Fig. 7.1 to show how the student sees the fish.
Include arrows to indicate the direction of the light rays.

(c) The student visited an aquarium and he saw a clown fish in the aquarium.

Fig. 7.2 shows an incomplete ray diagram to show how light can travel for student to
see the clown fish.

Fig 7.2

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 (i) Complete the ray diagram in Fig. 7.2 to show how the path of light travels from
the clown fish to the student’s eye.

(ii) Describe and explain the path of light ray travelling from the clown fish to the
student’s eye.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

(d) When a beam of white light passes through a triangular glass prism, white light is
separated into seven different kinds of coloured light as seen in Fig. 7.3.

Fig 7.3

(i) Name all the colours that make up white light.

_______________________________________________________________

(ii) Blue light is shone on a yellow object.

Suggest and explain the colour of the object that would be observed under blue
light.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

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8. Two plane mirrors, AB and BC are placed at an angle as shown in Fig. 8.1. The object, O
is in between the two mirrors and the observer’s eye is away at a distance from O.

Fig 8.1

(a) Locate and label ‘P’, the image of the object, in the plane mirror AB.

(b) Locate and label ‘Q’, the image of the object, in the plane mirror BC.

(c) Draw a complete single ray diagram to show how the eye is able to see Q and its
corresponding incident ray on the diagram in the plane mirror BC.

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 Name : _________________________

Date: _________________________

Light (Worksheet 3)

Section A: MCQ

1. Which of the following statements about light is not correct?

A. It changes its speed when travelling in different transparent material.

B. It can travel around the corner of an object.
C. It can change its direction when hitting an opaque object
D. It is a form of energy.

2. An image which cannot be caught on a screen is known as a

A. real image C. diminished image

B. virtual image D. magnified image

3. A student stands in front of a mirror at point S. There are objects placed at points X, Y and
Z.

How many object(s) can be seen by the student?

A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

4. The diagram below shows an object, X, placed 2 metres in front of a plane mirror.

At which position is the object’s image located?

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5. The diagram below shows the position of Sun above a house. Sun light cannot pass through
the roof of the house, but there is a hole that allows light to pass through. The walls and
roof to the house are not reflective.

Which point will be in the shadow?

6. A ray of light travels from medium X and medium Y. If medium X is optically denser than
medium Y, which of the following correctly shows the light path?

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7. Mr Loh’s car is behind Mr Lim’s car at a traffic light. The number plate of Mr Loh’s car
reads SBC2569 as shown below.

How would Mr Lim see Mr Loh’s car number plate in his rear view mirror?

A
B SBC 2569 F
C F 2569 SBC
D

8. The diagram below shows two prisms and a screen.

Which of the following colours of light would be seen on the screen?

A. Red C. Blue
B. White D. Yellow

9. The diagram shows a ray of light reflected from a plane mirror.

What is the angle of reflection?

A. 30o C. 90o
B. 60o D. 120o

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10. As Lily was driven to school by her father, she observed a large mirror at a turning point
along the road put up to help drivers look out for approaching vehicles.

Which of the following does not describe a property of this mirror?

A. The images in this minor are similar to those formed in a dentist's mirror
B. The images in the mirror were laterally inverted.
C. The images in the mirror were upright.
D. The mirror provided the driver with a large field of view and allowed many objects to
be seen.

11. The diagram shows the spectrum of 7 colours produced when white light is dispersed by a
glass prism.

Identify the missing colours, l, 2, 3 and 4.

1 2 3 4
A infra-red red green ultra-violet
B red green orange blue
C red orange green blue
D red orange green ultra-violet

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12. If a shirt appears white in sunlight, it is ........

A. absorbing all the colours in the spectrum

B. reflecting all the colours in the spectrum
C. reflecting blue and red light
D. transmitting blue and red light

13. Which diagram shows the correct image of the key in a plane minor?

14. What causes a swimming pool to appear shallower than its real depth?

A. reflection of light only

B. refraction of light only
C. both reflection and refraction of light
D. mixing of coloured lights

15. The diagram shows a ray of light, PQ, incident on a rectangular glass block.

Which ray A, B, C or D, shows the path of the emergent ray?

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16. Mr Lee decided to install a security mirror in his shop after he found out that several items
in his shop had been shoplifted.

Which type of mirror is most suitable for a wider field of vision?

A. concave C. plane
B. convex D. wavy

17. Peter holds a picture of a fish in front of a plane mirror.

What does the reflection of the fish look like?

18. A girl stands at a distance of 3 m in front of a plane mirror. A boy stands at a distance of
4 m behind her.

What is the distance between the boy and the image of the girl?

A. 1 m C. 10 m
B. 4 m D. 14 m

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19. Three surfaces of a large block are painted with white, yellow and red as shown.

Which of the following correctly shows the colour changes under blue light?

white surface yellow surface red surface

A blue black black
B blue white red
C white black white
D white yellow black

20. The diagram shows a ray of white light enters a prism.

What colours are X and Y?

X Y
A red violet
B red indigo
C indigo red
D violet red

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Section B: Short Answer Questions
1. (a) Explain what is meant by a virtual image.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

(b) The diagram below shows an object being placed in front of a plane mirror. Complete
the ray diagram to show how the observer sees the object O in the mirror.

2. The diagram below shows the light rays being reflected by a surface.

(a) (i) What is the type of reflection shown in the diagram?

____________________________________________________________ [1]

(ii) How can this type of reflection be produced?

____________________________________________________________ [1]

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 (b) Name the parts

(i) A: _____________________________________

(ii) B: _____________________________________

(c) State the following angles

(i) Angle of incidence: ______________ °

(ii) Angle of reflection: ______________ °

3. (a) (i) What is meant by primary colours?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

(ii) Hence, list down all the primary colours.

_______________________________________________________________

(b) Predict the colour appearance for the following objects. Explain briefly how you derive
your answer.
(i) A magenta light shines on a yellow ball.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

(ii) A yellow light shines on a red ball.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

(iii) A blue light shines on a green ball.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

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4. The diagram below shows a man in a boat observing an object which is at the actual position
marked X.

(a) Complete the ray diagram to show the position of the object being observed by the man
in the boat. Label the position X’.

(b) On the same diagram, label the apparent depth and the actual depth of the object.

5. The diagram below shows a light ray entering medium B from medium A.

(a) Explain why refraction of light takes place when a light ray travels from one medium
to another medium.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

(b) (i) Which medium, A or B, is denser?

_______________________________________________________________

(ii) Explain your answer to (b)(i).

_______________________________________________________________

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 (c) State the following angles:

(i) Angle of incidence: ______________ °

(ii) Angle of refraction: ______________ °

6. A table is placed in front of a plane mirror as shown in the diagram below.

(a) On the diagram, draw and label the position of the image formed in the minor.

(b) Using 2 rays, complete the ray diagram showing how the eye will see the image of point
B. You must indicate the angles of incidence and reflection.

(c) State two properties of the image formed in the mirror.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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 (d) One night, a car almost ran over a teenager who was crossing the road. The area was lit
by street lamps emitting yellow light. The teenager, who managed to spot the car as it
turned the corner, informed the police that the car was a black Honda.

The police did an investigation and narrowed their search to 3 suspects. However, none
of the Honda cars were black. Car A was blue, Car B was green and Car C was red.

Which car could have belonged to the culprit? Explain why he is guilty while the other
two drivers are innocent.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Section C: Free Response Questions

1. (a) (i) State two laws of reflection.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

(ii) Hence, draw a ray diagram to show the reflection of a light ray on a hard
(smooth) surface. Label your diagram completely.

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 (b) Draw a complete ray diagram to show how a beam of parallel light rays is reflected
when they strike the surface of a sand paper.

(c) Describe two applications of a convex mirror.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2. (a) Describe, with an aid of a diagram, what would happen when white light passes through
a prism.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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 (b) Explain why a yellow pencil box appears red and a green pencil box appears black when
a red light shines on them.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3. An optician's eye chart is fixed l .4 m behind the eyes of a patient who is looking into a
plane mirror placed 2.9 m in front of him. The patient is seated as shown below in the
diagram.

(a) In the diagram above, draw the image of the eye chart.

(b) Find the distance of the image of the chart as seen by the patient measured from the
eye.

_____________________________________________________________________

(c) The diagram below shows the optician’s eye chart.

Explain the appearance of the letters on the eye chart.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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4. A thin layer of solar film has been applied onto a glass plane for reflection of light.

The optical density of glass is higher than solar film and the optical density of solar film is
higher than air.

(a) Show how the incident ray will emerge from the interface AB in the below diagram.
include the labels for the emergent ray(s), refracted ray(s) and reflected ray(s).

(b) Solar film works by reflecting close to 90% of the solar energy. Besides using a solar
film, suggest another application of solar films in a tropical climate like Singapore.

_____________________________________________________________________

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 Name : _________________________

Date: _________________________

Light (Test 1)

Section A: MCQ [5 marks]

1. A ray of light travels from vacuum into glass.

Which of the following angles is the angle of incidence?

A. a B. b C. c D. d

2. A ray of light strikes a plane mirror M1, at an angle of 40°. The mirror is now rotated
anticlockwise through an angle 15° to a new position M2 without changing the direction
of the incident light ray.

What is the angle of reflection when the mirror is rotated to a new position M2?
A. 15° C. 50°
B. 35° D. 55°

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3. The diagram shows an object placed in front of a plane mirror.

Which diagram shows the correct mirror image of the object as seen in the plane mirror?

4. The diagram shows a patient having his eye tested. A chart with letters on it are placed
behind him and he sees the chart reflected in a plane mirror.

How far away from the patient is the image of the chart?

A. 2 m B. 5m C. 7 m D. 10 m

5. An observer O, is looking into a pond, sees an image of a small fish which appears to be at
X as shown in the diagram below. Where is the actual position of the small fish?

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6. Four students, P, Q, R and S, are standing in front of a plane mirror as shown below. Who
can student Q see in the mirror?

A. R only B. R and S C. P and R D. P, R, and S

7. A ray of light is reflected to two parallel plane mirrors X and Y.

Which of the following statements is correct?

A. The angle of incidence at mirror X is 30°.

B. The angle of incidence at mirror Y is 60°.
C. The angle of incidence at mirror X is 120°.
D. The angle of incidence at mirror Y is 0°.

8. When a light ray passes from an optically denser medium to an optically less dense medium
at an angle, the light ray _______________.

A. decrease in speed and bends away from the normal.

B. decrease in speed and bends towards from the normal.
C. increase in speed and bends away from the normal.
D. increase in speed and bends towards from the normal.

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9. Most shops contain a security mirror to allow the shop owner have a better view of the
entire shop. What type(s) of mirrors are used as security mirrors?

A. Concave mirrors
B. Convex mirrors
C. Concave and convex mirrors
D. Plane mirrors

10. A ray of light passes through three liquids Q, R and S as shown in the diagram.

Which statement is true about the optical densities of the liquids?

A. It is not possible to tell which liquid has the highest optical density.
B. Liquid Q and liquid S has the same optical density.
C. Liquid Q has the highest optical density
D. Liquid S has the highest optical density

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Section B: Structured Question [5 marks]

1. (a) Draw a ray diagram with two rays to show how the eyes sees the image of the object.
[3]

(b) State two characteristics of the image formed.

_____________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________[1]

(c) State the two laws of reflection.

1. ___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ [2]

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2. The figure below shows a ray of light as it enters the glass prism at side YZ. XYZ is a right
angled triangular prism.

(a) Explain why the light ray bends in the manner shown in the figure as it enters the glass
prism.

_____________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ [2]

(b) State the angle of incidence: __________________° [1]

(c) On the diagram, complete the path of the light ray to show the pathway of light as it
exits the glass prism. [1]

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 Name : _________________________

Date: _________________________

Light (Test 2)

Section A: MCQ [5 marks]

1. The diagram shows a ray of light entering a glass prism.

What is the colour observed at X and Y respectively?

colour at X colour at Y
A red violet
B red red
C violet red
D violet violet

2. The diagram below shows a man and a chair in front of a plane mirror. What is the distance
between the man and the image of the chair?

A. 3 m C. 7 m
B. 5 m D. 10 m

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3. A boy is standing 2.0 m in front of a mirror. His cat is sitting 3.0 m behind him. If the cat
walks 1.5 m towards the mirror, how far is the boy away from the cat’s image in the mirror?

A. 3.5 m C. 5.5 m
B. 5.0 m D. 7.0 m

4. A light ray is incident on a plane mirror that is tilted at an angle of 30° to a vertical wall.

What is the angle of reflection?

A. 30° C. 50°
B. 40° D. 70°

5. A ray of light travels from medium X to medium Y as shown in the diagram below.

Which of the following is correct?

refracted ray optically denser medium

A AB X
B AB Y
C BC X
D BC Y

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Section B: Structured Questions [10 marks]

1. Michael is conducting an experiment about light and reflection in the laboratory. He is

using mirrors to reflect a light ray from a ray box several times. Fig. 1.1 is a sketch of his
experiment which shows the positions of the ray box and path of the light ray.

Fig 1.1

(a) Determine the positions of the mirrors and draw them onto Fig. 1.1.

Use a straight line of about 2 cm long to represent each mirror. [2]

(b) Two transparent blocks made of materials R and S are stacked on top of one another.
Air is optically less dense than R and S.

Fig. 1.2 shows what happens to light as it passes from air into R and S.

Fig 1.2

(i) Name the process that occurs as light passes from air into R and S. [1]

_______________________________________________________________

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 (ii) Which material, R or S, has a higher optical density?
Explain your answer. [2]

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

(iii) On the diagram, draw the path of the light ray after it leaves medium S. [1]

(iv) Two blocks of material S are stacked on top of each other.

Draw, on Fig. 1.3, the path of the light ray as it enters the two blocks. [2]

Fig 1.3

(c) Fig. 1.4 shows a flower with red and yellow petals.

Fig 1.3

State the colour of the flower observed when it is placed under green light.
Give a reason for your answer. [2]

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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