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IGCSE Double Award Biology Unit 5

This document outlines the use of biological resources in food production, selective breeding, and genetic modification. It covers methods to increase crop yields, the role of microorganisms in food production, and the principles of selective breeding for desired traits. Additionally, it explains genetic engineering techniques, including the use of enzymes and vectors to produce genetically modified organisms.

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Nourhan Ahmed
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115 views2 pages

IGCSE Double Award Biology Unit 5

This document outlines the use of biological resources in food production, selective breeding, and genetic modification. It covers methods to increase crop yields, the role of microorganisms in food production, and the principles of selective breeding for desired traits. Additionally, it explains genetic engineering techniques, including the use of enzymes and vectors to produce genetically modified organisms.

Uploaded by

Nourhan Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5 Use of biological resources

The following sub-topics are covered in this section.


(a) Food production
(b) Selective breeding
(c) Genetic modification (genetic engineering)

(a) Food production


Students should:
Crop plants
5.1 describe how glasshouses and polythene tunnels can be used to increase the yield of
certain crops
5.2 understand the effects on crop yield of increased carbon dioxide and increased
temperature in glasshouses
5.3 understand how the use of fertiliser can increase crop yield
5.4 understand the reasons for pest control and the advantages and disadvantages of
using pesticides and biological control with crop plants
Micro-organisms
5.5 understand the role of yeast in the production of food, including bread
5.6 practical: investigate the role of anaerobic respiration by yeast in different conditions
5.7 understand the role of bacteria (Lactobacillus) in the production of yoghurt
5.8 understand the use of an industrial fermenter and explain the need to provide
suitable conditions in the fermenter, including aseptic precautions, nutrients,
optimum temperature and pH, oxygenation and agitation, for the growth of micro-
organisms

(b) Selective breeding


Students should:
5.10 understand how selective breeding can develop plants with desired characteristics
5.11 understand how selective breeding can develop animals with desired characteristics

Specification point 5.9 is in the Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Biology only.

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Science (Double Award) 25


Specification – Issue 3 – November 2021 © Pearson Education Limited 2021
(c) Genetic modification (genetic engineering)
Students should:
5.12 understand how restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sites and ligase
enzymes are used to join pieces of DNA together
5.13 understand how plasmids and viruses can act as vectors, which take up pieces of
DNA, and then insert this recombinant DNA into other cells
5.14 understand how large amounts of human insulin can be manufactured from
genetically modified bacteria that are grown in a fermenter
5.15 understand how genetically modified plants can be used to improve food production
5.16 understand that the term ‘transgenic’ means the transfer of genetic material from
onespecies to a different species

Specification points 5.17, 5.18, 5.19 and 5.20 are in the Pearson Edexcel International GCSE
in Biology only.

26 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Science (Double Award)


Specification – Issue 3 – November 2021 © Pearson Education Limited 2021

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